Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

This research investigates the political empowerment of women in India, with a particular focus on Tamil Nadu, through a socio-legal lens. Despite constitutional guarantees under Articles 14, 15(3), 16, 243D, and 243T, and progressive legislative measures like the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments and the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023, women in India continue to face systemic and structural barriers in political participation. The study critically examines the legal frameworks and policies intended to enhance women's political representation, including Tamil Nadu-specific provisions such as the Tamil Nadu Panchayats (Amendment) Act, 2016 and the Urban Local Bodies (Reservation of Seats for Women) Rules, 2016. Drawing on empirical data collected from 70 respondents--including politicians, legal professionals, and general voters--this research highlights the persistent issues of patriarchy, tokenism, gender bias, lack of financial and institutional support, and societal resistance. Statistical tools including the chi-square test reveal that while gender perceptions influence participation, legal provisions often fall short of achieving substantive representation. The study underscores that legal quotas alone are insufficient without corresponding societal change, media sensitivity, institutional reforms, and leadership capacity-building for women. Ultimately, the research calls for a paradigm shift from symbolic representation to meaningful participation, suggesting targeted legal, political, and social strategies to bridge the gender gap in Indian politics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women's Political Empowerment, Gender Equality, Reservation Policies, 106th Constitutional Amendment, Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 2016, Substantive Representation, Gender Discrimination, Patriarchy, Tokenism, Socio-Legal Study, Political Participation, Affirmative Action, Panchayati Raj Institutions, Electoral Reform, Women's Rights in Governance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Absorption of natural crystalline lens is an unusual in occurrence. It can happen spontaneously or as a consequence of eye injury, and it might also be linked to different eye and systemic diseases. We reported an unusual instance of unilateral spontaneous lens absorption in a 62 year woman who had bilateral vision loss during previous eight years that was painless and gradually progressed. The slit-lamp assessment of the anterior segment in both eyes (without dilation) showed the presence of mature cataracts. During the dilated examination of the left eye, the central posterior capsule was observed, while the peripheral capsule seemed translucent with areas exhibiting calcified white plaques. The patient had cataract surgery, and afterward, the best-corrected visual acuity had improved to 6/18.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mature cataract, lens, spontaneous absorption,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents a Summarization Web Application built using ensemble techniques that integrate advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) models--BERT, T5, and Pegasus. By combining the strengths of these models, the application delivers highly accurate and abstractive text summarization, outperforming individual models with a notable ROUGE-1 score of 0.9396. The system supports multi-lingual input and output, leveraging translation capabilities to provide summaries in any language. Additionally, a text-to-speech (TTS) feature, powered by Google TTS, enhances accessibility by converting summaries into audio format. Implemented through Streamlit, the application offers an intuitive and interactive user interface for seamless user experience. This project showcases the effectiveness of ensemble learning and modern NLP tools in developing accessible, intelligent summarization solutions for a global audience.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Natural Language Processing (NLP), ROUGE, text-to-speech (TTS).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Jalvayu Parivartan : Vaishvik Paripekshya Aur Rajsthan Ki Jalniti Per Prabhav

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Jalvayu Parivartan : Vaishvik Paripekshya Aur Rajsthan Ki Jalniti Per Prabhav

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Budh dharam aur jain dharam : bhartiya samaj par unka prabhav

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Budh dharam aur jain dharam : bhartiya samaj par unka prabhav

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper explores the concept of green humour as a powerful tool for addressing environmental issues in the context of anthropocene. As humanity's impact on the planet intensifies, the need for creative approaches to ecological communication becomes increasingly evident. Green humour, characterized by its blend of wit, satire, and environmental consciousness, offers an engaging and effective means of raising awareness about ecological challenges. In this paper, we delve into the significance of anthropocene and examine how cartoonist Rohan Chakravarty utilises green humour to highlight environmental concerns, encourage sustainable behaviour, and foster a deeper connection between humans and nature. It explores the historical context of ecological comedy, the power of humour in environmental communication, the functions of green humour and the strategies and techniques employed by comedies to convey environmental messages effectively. By presenting complex issues in a relatable and engaging manner, he encourages readers to become active participants in environmental conservation and activism. Through his creative and insightful approach, Chakravarty demonstrates that green humour can educate, inspire, and empower individuals to make a positive impact on our greying planet. As we navigate the challenges of an increasingly fragile environment, Chakravarty's green humour serves as a beacon of hope, reminding us that change is possible and that each of us can contribute to creating a more sustainable future. Through the fusion of creativity, humour, and environmental consciousness, we can forge a path towards a greener and healthier planet for generations to come.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Green Humour, Environmental Communication, Satire, Eco-comedy, Environmental Awareness and Sustainable Development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Substations are vital components of the electrical power system and are particularly vulnerable to direct lightning strikes, which can result in severe equipment damage, insulation breakdown, and widespread power outages. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of various protection methods--namely the Fixed Angle Method, Rolling Sphere Method, Razevig Method, and Early Streamer Emission (ESE) Method for 33 kV / 220 kV Renewable substations. These methods are critically examined through analytical calculations and substation layout designs to determine their zone of protection and shielding efficiency. This Paper highlights how the geometry, height of structures, and positioning of lightning masts or shield wires influence the level of protection offered. Systematically analyzing and comparing different methods, this work proposes optimized lightning protection schemes that can reduce equipment failure rates, improve personnel safety, and minimize substation downtime. The findings contribute to more robust and resilient substation design, especially in regions with high lightning density.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

direct lightning strike protection, substation, 33kv / 220kv, razevig method, rolling sphere method, ESE method, F.A. method

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project investigates the potential benefits of using Polyurethane (PU) flooring as an alternative to traditional Trimix flooring in parking structures. The primary objectives are to minimize the overall project costs and reduce the dead load of the structure by employing advanced flooring methodologies. The study involves a comprehensive comparison between PU and Trimix flooring, focusing on material properties, installation processes, durability, maintenance requirements, and lifecycle costs. Additionally, the project evaluates the impact of each flooring type on the structural load, considering the lightweight nature of PU compared to Trimix. The methodology includes a detailed cost-benefit analysis, drawing on data from existing projects, expert consultations, and field tests to assess the long-term economic and structural implications. Key performance metrics such as installation time, maintenance frequency, durability under vehicular stress, and overall cost efficiency are analysed. Initial findings suggest that PU flooring, offers substantial long-term savings due to lower maintenance requirements and extended lifespan. Moreover, the reduced weight of PU flooring contributes to a significant decrease in the dead load of parking structures, potentially leading to further cost savings in structural design and materials. In conclusion, this project demonstrates that PU flooring presents a viable and cost-effective alternative to Trimix flooring, aligning with sustainable construction practices and providing enhanced economic and structural benefits. These findings support the adoption of advanced flooring solutions to optimize both financial and engineering outcomes in construction projects

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

" COST CURTAILMENT BY REPLAICING TRIMIX FLOORING WITH POLYURETHANE (PU) FLOORING AS A SUBSTITUTE "

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Indian soap industry is one of the oldest segments of the country's FMCG sector, has undergone significant transformation over the decades. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of existing research on soap industry

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

FMCG,Literature review,Luxury product,Rural market,HUL, Premium

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Autonomous AI systems are increasingly integrated into various domains--from creative industries to autonomous vehicles and healthcare. Their capacity to make decisions and create content without direct human intervention raises complex legal questions about liability and intellectual property infringement. This paper investigates the legal challenges, existing frameworks, and possible solutions related to the attribution of liability and IP rights when autonomous AI systems cause harm or infringe upon existing IP rights.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, liability, infringement, autonomous.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition