Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

In the context of increasing social, cultural, linguistic, and economic diversity, diversity management has emerged as a strategic priority for higher education institutions in India. Karnataka, with its heterogeneous student and faculty population, presents a relevant setting to examine how diversity is managed at the institutional level. The present study examines the nature, extent, and effectiveness in universities' diversity practices, with a specific focus on policy frameworks, implementation mechanisms, and stakeholder perceptions. Using a descriptive and analytical research design, primary data were collected from students, teaching faculties and management, and through a structured questionnaire, complemented by secondary sources such as policy documents, reports, and scholarly literature. Statistical tools including percentage analysis, mean score analysis, and independent samples t-test were employed. The findings reveal that moderate adoption of diversity management practices, with notable strengths in inclusive curriculum design and policy formulation, and significant gaps related to resource availability, training, communication, and disability support services. Hypothesis testing confirms the significant differences in diversity management practices across institutional types and demonstrates a constructive relationship between diversity management and inclusiveness. The study concludes with policy-relevant suggestions to strengthen inclusive and equitable higher education environments in Karnataka.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Diversity management, Higher education, Karnataka, Inclusion, equity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technological advancement that significantly influences various sectors, including commerce and entrepreneurship. In recent years, social media start-ups have increasingly adopted AI technologies to enhance their digital marketing strategies, customer engagement, and business decision-making processes. AI-powered tools such as data analytics, chatboxs, recommendation systems, and automated content creation enable start-ups to understand customer behaviour, personalize marketing campaigns, and improve operational efficiency. As a result, entrepreneurs are able to reach wider audiences, reduce marketing costs, and increase business competitiveness in the digital marketplace.In India, the rapid expansion of internet connectivity, smartphone usage, and digital platforms has created numerous opportunities for aspiring entrepreneurs to establish innovative social media-based businesses. Platforms such as social networking sites, online marketplaces, and content-sharing applications have become powerful channels for product promotion, brand building, and customer interaction. Within this context, AI plays a crucial role in helping start-ups analyse market trends, predict consumer preferences, and optimize advertising strategies. This article focuses on the role of AI in social media start-ups and entrepreneurship development with special reference to Shivamogga city. The study aims to examine how AI technologies are being adopted by emerging businesses in the region and how they contribute to entrepreneurial growth. It also highlights the objectives and scope of the research, identifies existing research gaps, and explains the methodology used for data collection and analysis. Furthermore, the study discusses the challenges faced by start-ups in adopting AI, such as limited technical expertise, financial constraints, and data privacy concerns. Finally, the article reviews current developments and opportunities for AI-driven entrepreneurship in Shivamogga.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Social Media Startups, Digital Marketing, Entrepreneurship Development.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sustainability of academic careers has become an urgent issue for higher education institutions, especially with the rise in faculty mobility. Migrant faculty contribute to greater academic diversity and improve the output of an institution. Their future career sustainability largely depends on the support they receive for their career progression. This research paper will explore how career development practices affect the sustainability of academic faculties among migrant faculty in higher education institutions in Bengaluru, India. The study involved 358 migrant faculty members. The findings indicate that career advancement practices have a strong and positive effect on career sustainability. However, the relationship between the challenges faced by migrant faculty and the influence of career advancement practices on career sustainability is somewhat weakened by job satisfaction and perceived organizational support. The results provide valuable insights for institutional leaders and policymakers in creating inclusive and sustainable career development policies that support long-term sustainability in human capital within education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Career progression, Academic career sustainability, Migrant faculty, Higher education institutions, Structural equation modeling

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Education system, industrial growth, entrepreneurial eco-system are the key indicators of the development of any nation, Entrepreneurship has emerged as a transformative force in modern economies, driving innovation, employment generation, and sustainable development. The systematic development of entrepreneurship skills is increasingly recognized as essential for preparing graduates to succeed in complex and industrial environments. This article examines the role of entrepreneurship skill development and industrial collaboration enhancing students' readiness for real-world business challenges. The article emphasizes the need for integrated policy strategies that institutionalize partnerships and embed experiential entrepreneurship education across disciplines. Collaboration and mutual supports among the stakeholders have explained by framing the model of collaboration. The study is based on secondary data collected from an extensive review of existing literature, research articles and policy documents. The study concludes that higher education institutions equipped with robust entrepreneurial and industrial networks are better positioned to support economic flexibility, foster innovation, and cultivate future-ready entrepreneurs in a competitive global landscape.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Entrepreneurship skill, Entrepreneurial ecosystem, Experiential learning mechanisms, Academic-industry collaboration, Higher education.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the comparative performance of selected large-cap mutual funds in India over the period 2021 - 2025 using monthly closing Net Asset Value (NAV) data. The analysis evaluates both return and risk-adjusted performance measures to give a comprehensive assessment of fund efficiency. Key indicators including Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, Beta, Treynor ratio, and Jensen's Alpha are employed within the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) framework. The NIFTY 50 index serves as the benchmark, and a 7 percent annual risk-free rate is assumed for excess return estimation. Empirical results indicate that Nippon India Large Cap Fund exhibited superior compounded growth and the highest risk-adjusted performance, followed by ICICI Prudential and HDFC Top 100, while Axis demonstrated relatively weaker performance. However, the One-Way ANOVA results reveal no statistically significant difference in mean monthly returns among the selected funds at the 5 percent level. The findings suggest that although performance efficiency varies across schemes, large-cap funds within the same category tend to generate comparable average returns over time.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mutual Funds, Large-Cap Mutual Funds, Equity Mutual Funds, Performance Analysis.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Indian insurance sector has undergone significant reforms to enhance efficiency, transparency and market penetration especially in terms of regulatory innovation and digital transformation. Regulatory efforts by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) and policy efforts like liberalization, improvement of foreign direct investment norms as well as consumer-focused regulations have changed the industry to a large extent. At the same time, the issue of digitalization is turning out to be a crucial facilitator of operational perfection and quality of services within the insurance ecosystem. This paper investigates the digitalization and regulatory innovation impact in reshaping the Indian insurance industry with a particular focus on general insurance. The research relies on the secondary data obtained via IRDAI annual reports, government publications, industry reports, and available scholarly literature. Digital reforms are examined through e-insurance accounts, online policy issuance, online policy claims management, InsurTech integration, and regulatory sandbox programs in order to determine their effect on operational efficiency, customer experience, and financial inclusion. These results also indicate that digital and regulatory changes have minimized in claims settlement, and offered more insurance access to a wide range of segments of the population. Nonetheless, other challenges that are noted in the study include cybersecurity threats, issues of data privacy, and adaptation to new technologies by regulation, as well as the ongoing digital divide. The conclusion of the paper is that continuous regulatory innovation, inclusive and safe digital policy is a route to enhancing consumer trust and establishing the long-term development of the Indian insurance industry within the changing digital economy, processing time, improved transparency, improved efficiency

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Insurance reforms, Digitalization, Regulatory Innovation, Operational Efficiency, Financial Inclusions.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores the association between emotional dysregulation and psychological distress among young adults raised in conflict-ridden families, emphasizing the influence of adverse family dynamics on emotional and mental health outcomes. Emotional dysregulation, which involves difficulties in recognizing, managing, and responding appropriately to emotions, is often linked to higher levels of distress, particularly among individuals exposed to ongoing family conflict, instability, and ineffective communication. In this study, data were gathered from young adults using standardized tools to measure emotional dysregulation and psychological distress, including indicators such as anxiety, depression, and stress. The results demonstrated a significant positive relationship between the two variables, suggesting that greater difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with increased psychological distress. Furthermore, the findings underscore the amplifying effect of conflict-ridden family environments on these challenges. Overall, the study highlights the need to focus on improving emotion regulation skills in interventions and adds to the understanding of how family conflict can have lasting effects on the mental health of young adults.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Emotional dysregulation, Psychological distress, Young adults, Conflict-ridden families, Family conflict, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Emotional regulation, Mental health, Adverse family environment, Coping mechanism

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sources are crucial in writing history and reconstructing past events. Three types of sources are available to reconstruct ancient Indian history: archaeological sources, literary sources, and foreign accounts. Sangam literature, originating in ancient Tamil Nadu, is the earliest known literary source to study the history of the Sangam age. The Sangam age is considered the "Golden Age" of the Tamils. Sangam literature includes poems and epics that provide information about the ancient Tamil society's social, political, and religious conditions. The world-famous Tirukkural, written by Thiruvalluvar, is a work of the Sangam age. Sangam consists of a group of Tamil poets who flourished under the royal patronage of the "Three Crowned Kings", the Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas. This research paper aims to understand the significance of Sangam literature in Ancient South Indian history.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sangam literature, Tamilakam, Cilappatikaram, Ettuthokai, Tirukkural, Pattupattu, Manimekalai, Three Crowned Kings.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In nature, all living beings require water to maintain their existence. The main source of water is rainfall. In the context of India, there is an urgent need for the proper utilization and conservation of the water received in the form of rainfall, because in India, rainfall mainly occurs during a few months of the year, from June to September, during the Monsoon season. However, its nature is uncertain, and its continuity and intensity are also variable. In an agriculture-based country like India, various irrigation projects have been developed for the proper utilization and conservation of rainwater. Bundi district in Rajasthan is also agriculture-based, where various medium and minor irrigation projects have been constructed to provide security and stability to agriculture against the fluctuating nature of rainfall. For the maximum utilization of rainwater, a geographical review of the district's irrigation projects is necessary. This research paper presents a geographical review of the district's irrigation projects. Irrigation projects, Rianwater Conservation, Agriculture, Bundi

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Irrigation projects, Rianwater Conservation, Agriculture, Bundi

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present research article critically examines selected spiritually, ethically and philosophically oriented Haryanvi Ragnis composed by Anand Kumar Ashodhiya, with special reference to Ragnis ???? ??????? ????? ???????????, ???????, ??? ???, ?????? ???? ????? ??, ???? ???? ????? ?? ???, ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???, ???? ???????? ????? and ?? ??? ??? ?????? from the thematic corpus identified as "Pedagogical Memorials and Vedantic Metaphysics." The study investigates how these compositions collectively construct a vernacular philosophical discourse centred upon guru-veneration, collective memory, Bhakti consciousness, ethical anxiety, social fragmentation, Vedantic ontology and moral selfhood within the oral-performative framework of Haryanvi Saang-Shaili traditions. Employing an interdisciplinary methodology grounded in oral tradition studies, Pingal prosody, folk-performance theory, cultural semiotics, psychological literary criticism and vernacular philosophical hermeneutics, the article argues that these Ragnis function not merely as devotional or commemorative lyrics but as sophisticated oral-literary systems preserving regional epistemology, ethical pedagogy and performative spirituality. The selected corpus demonstrates how contemporary Haryanvi folk literature transforms abstract metaphysical concerns into emotionally accessible vernacular expression through disciplined m?tr? architecture, refrain systems, dialogic cadence, tonal gravity, symbolic metaphors and orally adaptive rhythmic structures. The article further analyses how Pingal Shastra continues to operate as an active structural force shaping emotional intensity, mnemonic continuity and collective participation within oral recitation traditions. Particular attention has been devoted to the integration of Bhakti aesthetics, Karuna, Shanta and socio-ethical discourse through Lavani-Mishrit Samamatrik Chhand structures, Guru-Laghu sequencing, Yati placement and refrain-oriented performative rhythm. The study identifies a significant scholarly gap in contemporary Haryanvi literary criticism where integrated analyses combining Pingal studies, oral-performance theory, vernacular Vedantic discourse, feminist interpretation and psychological folk aesthetics remain substantially underdeveloped. By situating these compositions within wider frameworks of Indian folk dramaturgy, oral epistemology and regional literary modernities, the article establishes Ashodhiya's Avikavani corpus as a major contemporary contribution to North Indian folk poetics, ethical folk consciousness and performative philosophical literature.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Haryanvi Ragni, Saang-Shaili, Pingal Shastra, Oral Tradition, Folk Performance, Cultural Memory, Folk Hermeneutics, North Indian Oral Literature, Vernacular Philosophy, Oral Poetics, Ethical Selfhood

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition