Volume 6 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

This paper examines the state of cultural preservation among indigenous ethnic communities in Assam, a region known for its rich mosaic of tribal and non-tribal cultures. Indigenous groups such as the Bodo, Mising, Karbi, Dimasa, and Rabha possess distinct languages, customs, religious practices, and oral traditions that contribute to the region's cultural diversity. However, rapid modernization, urbanization, migration, and socio-political dynamics have placed immense pressure on these communities, threatening the continuity of their cultural heritage. The paper adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing ethnographic methods including semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and analysis of cultural documents. It investigates both the challenges to and the strategies for preserving cultural identity. Findings reveal that many communities are experiencing a gradual erosion of language fluency among youth, declining traditional practices, and a shift in cultural values due to the influence of mainstream media and education. Simultaneously, there are strong efforts from within these communities to counter these trends. Local organizations, elders, and youth-led initiatives are actively involved in cultural revival through festivals, community schools, language documentation, and digital archiving. Government policies and non-governmental interventions also play a role, though their impact varies in effectiveness and reach. This study highlights the importance of culturally sensitive policy-making that empowers indigenous voices and supports sustainable cultural transmission. It concludes that while the threat of cultural loss is significant, the resilience and adaptability of Assam's indigenous communities offer hope for the preservation of their unique identities. A multi-stakeholder approach that includes education reform, legal recognition of cultural rights, and funding for community initiatives is essential for meaningful cultural sustainability.

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Indigenous communities, cultural preservation, Assam, language decline, identity

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Fractional ownership is redefining investment access in India by enabling retail investors to participate in global equity markets that were previously accessible only to high-net-worth individuals. This study, structured across eight comprehensive sections starting with an introduction that highlights how high capital thresholds once restricted Indian participation in global markets, while fractional investing now democratizes access, allowing for diversification, currency hedging, and exposure to cutting-edge sectors such as AI, biotechnology, and semiconductors. The theoretical framework is grounded in Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), which supports the inclusion of fractional assets for optimal risk-adjusted returns, while also addressing behavioural finance concepts such as herd mentality and loss aversion, along with the challenges of currency risk. A review of traditional Indian investment habits reveals a reliance on fixed deposits, gold, and domestic equities, assets that offer safety but lack international diversification, further limited by resistance to change and gaps in financial literacy. In the context of global macro-financial trends, fractional investing aligns with a broader movement toward inclusive and tech-enabled access to high-growth global industries. The significance of this study lies in its multifaceted impact: it provides empirical guidance for investors, usability insights for fintech platforms, policy inputs for regulators, and theoretical contributions to academia. Empirical findings demonstrate that fractional global equities reduce portfolio volatility by 16.9%, enhance risk-adjusted returns, and improve sectoral diversification. The discussion reveals that young, digitally savvy professionals are early adopters, while middle-class investors remain cautious, requiring clearer regulatory frameworks and educational support. The concluding section recommends policy reforms including transparent taxation, refined LRS limits, and investor education initiatives, while suggesting future research into long-term performance metrics, behavioural patterns, and international regulatory comparisons. Overall, this study offers a timely and evidence-based exploration of fractional ownership's growing role in reshaping India's investment landscape.

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 Keywords

Fractional Investing, Portfolio Diversification, Risk-Adjusted Returns, Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), Behavioural Biases, Currency Hedging, Retail Investors, Financial Inclusion, Liberalized Remittance Scheme (LRS), Global Equity Markets, FinTech Platforms, Micro-Investing, Investor Protection, Regulatory Frameworks, Cross-Border Investing, Digital Payments, High-Growth Sectors, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Biotechnology Investments, Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), Taxation Compliance, Empirical

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The rise of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) has transformed the landscape of rural development and women's empowerment in India. Among the most successful examples is the Kudumbasree Mission in Kerala, which integrates poverty alleviation, microfinance, and community participation. This paper explores the socio-economic impact of Kudumbasree SHGs in Varandarappilly Panchayath of Thrissur district. This study uses both primary and secondary data. Primary data collected from 100 Kudumbashree members , this study employs descriptive analysis and simple statistical tools to examine changes in savings behaviour, credit access, income generation, and social decision-making. The findings reveal a positive correlation between SHG participation and improvements in financial independence, confidence, and standard of living, although challenges remain in employment generation and market linkage. The paper concludes with policy suggestions to enhance the sustainability and inclusiveness of SHG-based development.

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Grassroots Empowerment and Economic Transformation: A Study of Kudumbasree and Self-Help Groups in Thrissur, Kerala

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This paper investigates the relationship between interim financial reporting and earnings management (EM) in Indian firms, analysing the regulatory framework, accounting standards, and the implications of such practices on financial transparency. Using data from listed companies, it examines how interim reporting influences earnings management, particularly focusing on periods of quarterly disclosures mandated by SEBI and ICAI. The study highlights that despite regulatory efforts, Indian firms exhibit significant earnings management practices during interim periods, with a higher incidence compared to annual reports. This research identifies key factors contributing to EM, such as firm size, industry type, market expectations, and governance structures, which influence the extent of earnings manipulation. Additionally, the paper discusses the effectiveness of the regulatory and accounting frameworks, particularly the transition from Accounting Standard (AS) 25 to Ind AS 34, which aligns with international standards. The findings indicate that the limited review process and less stringent scrutiny of interim reports contribute to the persistence of earnings management. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for improving the regulatory framework, enhancing audit quality, and strengthening governance mechanisms to curb earnings manipulation and ensure the reliability of interim financial reporting in India.

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Interim financial reporting, earnings management, Indian firms, SEBI regulations, Ind AS 34, accounting standards, financial transparency, corporate governance, audit quality, quarterly disclosures.

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The integration of artificial intelligence with Internet of Things (IoT) devices has opened new frontiers in real-time human-computer interaction, especially in emotion-aware systems. However, traditional facial emotion recognition (FER) models demand high computational power, making them unsuitable for resource-constrained edge devices. This paper presents a lightweight facial emotion recognition model optimized for deployment on a Raspberry Pi, enabling real-time emotion detection at the edge without relying on cloud servers. The proposed system utilizes a compact convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on the FER-2013 dataset, which is converted to TensorFlow Lite format for efficient inference. Facial regions are detected using OpenCV's Haar Cascade classifier, followed by on-device emotion classification into key categories such as happy, sad, angry, surprised, and neutral. The system also integrates with Adafruit IO to transmit emotion data over Wi-Fi for remote monitoring and IoT-based applications. Performance evaluation demonstrates low latency, reduced power consumption, and high accuracy in real-time conditions, confirming the suitability of Raspberry Pi for edge-deployed AI tasks. The proposed model has potential applications in smart homes, emotion-aware healthcare monitoring, and intelligent human-machine interfaces.

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- Facial Emotion Recognition, Raspberry Pi, Edge Computing, IoT Applications, Lightweight CNN, Real-Time Processing, TensorFlow Lite, OpenCV, Smart Devices, Human-Computer Interaction, Emotion Detection, Adafruit IO, Embedded AI, Deep Learning, Low-Power AI.

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The paper The Economics of Buddha: Right to Livelihood and Human Dignity, A Conceptual Exploration, is an attempt to explore the relationship between the Buddhist philosophy of right livelihood, mindfulness and the contemporary nuances of the concepts of right to livelihood and labour particularly the role of spiritual labour in economic framework. By revisiting the Buddha's teachings on right livelihood, it examines how Buddhist ethics can inform economic practices, focusing on the ethical dimensions of work, the role of spiritual labour, and the balance between material and spiritual well-being. The paper aims to shed light on how an integration of these principles into modern economic frameworks can lead to a more just, compassionate, and sustainable world promoting societal well-being. In doing so, it seeks to offer a vision of economic practices that nurture human dignity, foster societal well-being, and achieve a balanced coexistence between material and spiritual fulfilment. The challenges of jobless growth, economic inequality, and ethical labour practices are not just material concerns but also moral and spiritual issues. By revisiting the teachings of the Buddha, this paper aims to highlight the ways in which these age-old principles can contribute to the creation of a more harmonious and sustainable global economy.

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Right Livelihood, Mindfulness, Spiritual Labour, Right to Livelihood, Human Dignity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper examines Karukku by Bama, a pivotal work in Dalit literature, as an atrocity narrative that not only highlights the social, religious, and educational oppression faced by Dalits, but also traces the author's journey from victimhood to self-empowerment. Through a personal yet collective lens, Bama narrates her life as a Dalit Christian, exploring the complex layers of caste discrimination within both society and the Catholic Church. The autobiography challenges conventional narratives by focusing on Bama's realization of the deep-seated casteism within the religious institution she joined, ultimately leading her to renounce Christianity and embrace her Dalit identity with pride. By rejecting victimhood, Bama reclaims her dignity and calls for a transformative Dalit consciousness, emphasizing the power of education and self-respect as tools of liberation. This paper highlights how Bama's narrative not only exposes the traumas of caste oppression but also serves as a clarion call for social change, presenting Karukku as a profound critique of caste, religion, and institutionalized injustice, while celebrating the strength and resilience of Dalit identity.

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From Oppression to Assertion: The Dalit Awakening

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Power transistors are fundamental components in modern electronic systems, playing a critical role in enabling efficient power conversion and control across a wide range of applications. These semiconductor devices are designed to handle high voltages and currents while maintaining reliability and performance, making them indispensable in industries such as automotive, renewable energy, industrial automation, and consumer electronics. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the design principles, diverse applications, and recent advancements in power transistor technology, offering insights into their evolving role in shaping the future of electronics. The discussion begins with an overview of the fundamental working principles of power transistors, focusing on the three primary types: bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Each type is analyzed in terms of its unique operating mechanisms, key performance parameters, and suitability for specific applications. BJTs, known for their high current-carrying capabilities, are often used in low-frequency and high-power applications. MOSFETs, with their high-speed switching characteristics, are ideal for power supplies and motor control systems. IGBTs, which combine the advantages of MOSFETs and BJTs, are widely used in high-voltage and high-current applications such as industrial drives and renewable energy systems. The paper also highlights the emergence of wide bandgap materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), which are revolutionizing the field of power transistors. These materials offer superior thermal conductivity, faster switching speeds, and higher efficiency compared to traditional silicon-based transistors, enabling significant improvements in power conversion systems. The comparative advantages of SiC and GaN are discussed, along with their potential to address the growing demand for energy-efficient and high-performance electronic systems. In addition to exploring the technical aspects of power transistors, the paper delves into their diverse applications. Power transistors are essential components in power conversion systems, including switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) and inverters, where they enable efficient energy conversion and management. In the automotive industry, they play a critical role in electric and hybrid vehicles, facilitating efficient motor drives and battery management systems. In renewable energy systems, power transistors are used in solar inverters and wind turbine converters, contributing to the efficient harnessing and distribution of clean energy.

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Power Transistors Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) Silicon Carbide (SiC) Gallium Nitride (GaN)

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Environment plays a vital role in the survival of human beings as it consists of all those things and set of conditions which directly or indirectly influence the development or growth and quality of life of individual organisms. Despite of the fact, human are in very hurry to exploit the environment in the quest of making their life more comfortable and easy. Excess human intervention has adversely affected environment. Rapid population growth, globalization, industrialization and infrastructural developments are the causes of exploitation of natural resources which put strain on natural resources resulting in the degradation of our environment which compelled the legislature to frame the laws to protect the environment as it is the effective instrument to bring the change in the society. Thus, the aim of paper is know the concept of environment, its degradation, the factors responsible for the degradation of environment, what is the role of law and policies in safeguarding environment.

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Environment, degradation, human intervention, law and policies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bhattarakadevashakra virchit Pratapakavyasya Sadvinsatisargasya Sampadanamadhyanamcha

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Bhattarakadevashakra virchit Pratapakavyasya Sadvinsatisargasya Sampadanamadhyanamcha

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition