Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Fraud Detection is a major concern in that it makes both the user and financial institutions lose money. This project develops a system using machine learning to determine whether certain transactions in a credit card are fraud or valid based on transaction patterns in both Debit , payment, cash-in, cash-out, and transfer methods.With machine learning algorithms, such as Gaussian Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression, and Random Forest, being able to identify anomalies relating to fraud. It suggests that the model actually detects suspicious transactions in real-time, thus eliminating unauthorized use and reducing financial loss for card holders and issuers.

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 Keywords

Gaussian Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines , Logistic Regression, Random Forest

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cheating during examinations poses a significant challenge to the fairness and integrity of academic assessments. This paper presents an innovative approach to detecting exam cheating using Roboflow, a powerful computer vision platform, combined with state-of-the-art object detection models. The proposed system utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), specifically leveraging models like YOLOv5 and TensorFlow Object Detection, to analyze real-time video or image data captured during examinations. The system is trained on annotated datasets containing various instances of cheating behaviors, including the use of unauthorized devices, signaling gestures, or communication between candidates. Roboflow's annotation tools are employed to prepare the data, which is then used to train highly accurate object detection models. The system provides real-time alerts to invigilators, enabling swift intervention when suspicious activities are detected. This approach enhances the traditional methods of cheating detection by offering a scalable, automated, and highly accurate solution, significantly improving the monitoring of exam environments and ensuring academic integrity. The results demonstrate the system's effectiveness in detecting subtle cheating behaviors and its potential for widespread implementation in educational institutions to uphold fairness during high-stakes

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 Keywords

Exam Cheating Detection, Roboflow, Computer Vision, Object Detection, YOLOv5, TensorFlow, Real-Time Monitoring, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Automated Surveillance, Exam Integrity, Cheating Behavior Detection, Deep Learning, Real-Time Analysis, Education Technology

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Increasingly, there is increased concern about cyber bullying on social media sites and its threat to the mental well-being and online safety of users. This research work introduces a Cyber Harasser Detection System from Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques using which the harassing behavior of the user can be automatically identified in social media. The system works by studying all social media posts, comments, and messages and classifies them as harassing and non-harassing. It is based on supervised machine learning algorithm such as Random Forests and has been run using labeled datasets along with NLP techniques such as lower casing ,white space and punctuation removal, and text feature extraction. This system provides a real-time analysis of linguistic form and toxicity to minimize the responsibility on the shoulders of human moderators in making users safer by identifying harmful posts. This automated process captures all habits or patterns in terms of language and understanding context to ensure accurate detection and make open platforms safer..

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 Keywords

Cyber bullying, Machine learning, Online harassement

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Abstract This article delves into the veiled representations of sex, libido, and desire in William Shakespeare's sonnets, exploring the intricate interplay between poetic artistry and the socio-cultural mores of Elizabethan England. Anchored in the thematic nexus of love and physicality, the study foregrounds the poet's nuanced deployment of insinuation as a literary device to navigate taboos surrounding eroticism. Through a meticulous textual analysis of selected sonnets, such as Sonnet 20 and Sonnet 129, this research elucidates Shakespeare's strategic use of metaphor, ambiguity, and linguistic duality to encode notions of sexual longing and intimacy. Integrating psychoanalytic and queer theoretical frameworks alongside Elizabethan cultural studies, the article critically examines how the sonnets juxtapose spiritual love and carnal desire, especially in their portrayal of the Fair Youth and the Dark Lady. These figures emerge as complex embodiments of gender fluidity and sexual ambivalence, challenging the rigid binaries of heteronormativity prevalent in Renaissance literature. The study also engages with broader conceptual debates regarding the tension between poetic concealment and revelation, situating Shakespeare's work within the broader context of his era's repressive attitudes toward sexuality.By addressing gaps in existing scholarship--particularly the insufficient focus on the interplay between libido and insinuation--this article offers a fresh interpretative lens to understand the sonnets as more than mere expressions of romantic devotion. It argues that Shakespeare's sonnets, through their layered discourse on desire, not only reflect but also subtly critique the moral and social constraints of their time. The findings contribute to contemporary literary debates on the universality of erotic themes, underscoring the enduring relevance of Shakespeare's exploration of human passion and identity. Ultimately, the study illuminates the sonnets as a testament to the timeless complexity of love and desire, inviting readers to reexamine their intersections with art, culture, and sexuality.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Shakespeare's Sonnets, Insinuation, Libido, Queer Theory, Elizabethan Culture, Erotic Themes

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 Abstract

English has occupied a special place in the educational system in India. English is a language rich in literature. English stand as a pre-eminent among all the languages, people who know the languages is the wisest in the Nation. The important reason for continuing English in India is for its state of "Lingua Franca". All the advance knowledge of India is only in English or English translate. For India it is a second language as well as a foreign language. Nowadays, English is used not only for a practical purpose but also for a reason of identifying ourselves. English is used globally for various purpose like business, science, technology, entertainment and international communication. The importance of English is not how many people speak it but for what is used. English is used as a national link language, international link language and library language as well. This article is about the challenges faced by the peoples in English language and its teaching. The task faced by the educator and the techniques to overcome the problems. The methods which can overcome the problem and become expertise in the language.

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 Keywords

Pre-eminent, lingua franca, foreign language, link language, library language.

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This study examines how reality and the supernatural interact as cultural mechanisms in Toni Morrison's Beloved and Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and the Margarita. The supernatural is used in both books as significant instruments to examine larger cultural, social, and historical themes rather than just as plot devices. Bulgakov explores existential issues of truth and atonement while criticizing Soviet society through Woland's moral interventions and Margarita's life-changing experience in The Master and Margarita. Similar to this, Morrison's Beloved reclaims suppressed memories of slavery by using the spectral presence of Beloved to consider cultural memory and collective suffering. This article illustrates texts by Julie Curtis, Edward E. Ericson Jr., Barbara Christian, Ashraf H. A. Rushdy, Irene de Jong, and Maggie Sale subvert linear historical narratives and prevailing discourses by fusing the fantastical and the realistic to uncover hidden truths about people and culture.

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 Keywords

Reality, Supernatural, Cultural Memory, Existential, Moral, Slavery, Collective Suffering,

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This study explores the intricate relationship between elemental forces and human emotions in fantasy narratives, using A.M. Wynter's the Amulet of Eldrid as a case study. By examining the ways in which elemental magic intersects with character emotions and development, this research reveals the ways in which fantasy narratives can illuminate the human experience. Through a critical analysis of Wynter's work, this study demonstrates how elemental forces can serve as a metaphor for human emotions, and how the manipulation of these forces can reflect the complexities of emotional experience. The research also considers the implications of this relationship for our understanding of fantasy narratives and their role in shaping our emotional lives. The study draws on a range of theoretical perspectives, including ecocriticism, emotive theory, and fantasy studies, to examine the ways in which elemental forces are used to represent and explore human emotions in "The Amulet of Eldrid". The research also engages with the concept of "emotional resonance" to explore how the novel's use of elemental forces can create a sense of emotional connection with the reader. The findings of this study have implications for scholars of fantasy literature, ecocriticism, and emotive theory, as well as for readers and writers of fantasy fiction. The research demonstrates the value of exploring the intersection of elemental forces and human emotions in fantasy narratives, and highlights the potential of these narratives to provide insights into the human experience.

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 Keywords

Human Emotion, Conflict, Scholars and fantasy fiction.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Women's economic empowerment plays a vital role in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) and fostering inclusive economic growth. As nations worldwide strive to create equitable societies, empowering women economically has become a central focus in addressing poverty, inequality, and social exclusion. This paper explores the intricate relationship between women's economic empowerment and sustainable development in achieving long-term prosperity and environmental sustainability. Economic empowerment of women goes beyond financial independence; it encompasses access to resources, decision-making power, opportunities for economic participation, and the capacity to influence the design of policies and programs that affect their lives. Despite the evident advantages of empowering women, barriers such as gender-based discrimination, unequal access to education and resources, limited property rights, and unpaid care work remain significant challenges. These barriers hinder women's full participation in economic and development activities, preventing them from contributing effectively to their families, communities, and nations. The paper highlights various strategies and policy interventions that promote women's economic empowerment, including legal reforms, financial inclusion, and improved access to education and training. It also emphasizes the importance of creating an enabling environment for women in the focusing on equal pay, leadership roles, and the elimination of gender-based violence. Furthermore, the role of women in achieving environmental sustainability is explored, with particular attention to how women's involvement in sustainable practices like resource management and contribute to addressing climate change. The discussion also examines the interconnections between women's economic empowerment and other SDGs, such as poverty reduction, quality education, and good health. When women are economically empowered, they tend to invest in their families' well-being, leading to improved outcomes in education, nutrition, and health. This in turn contributes to a more resilient, inclusive, and sustainable society.

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 Keywords

Women, Economic, Empowerment, Poverty, Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly becoming integral to corporate decision-making, influencing strategies, risk assessments, and compliance management. However, as AI technologies evolve, they bring forth significant legal and ethical challenges that need to be addressed. This paper examines the key ethical dilemmas and legal complexities surrounding AI-driven decision-making within corporate environments. Issues such as algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, accountability gaps, and the potential for discrimination in hiring, lending, and resource allocation are explored in depth. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the need for a specific legal framework to regulate AI applications in India, considering the limitations of existing laws like the Information Technology Act, 2000. Comparative analysis with AI regulations in the EU, USA, and China highlights lessons that India can draw from these global practices. It also proposes key areas for new AI legislation in India, including AI ethics and fairness, liability and risk allocation, data governance, and AI-driven audits. The paper suggests the establishment of an independent AI regulatory body to monitor corporate AI practices and enforce ethical standards. Additionally, it advocates for mandatory AI impact assessments, ethical AI certifications, and the development of sector-specific regulations to safeguard consumer rights and maintain fairness in AI decision-making. The findings underscore the importance of a balanced approach that fosters AI innovation while ensuring legal accountability and ethical responsibility. The paper concludes by stressing the urgency for India to create a regulatory framework to harness AI's potential while mitigating its risks.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Corporate Decision-Making, Legal Challenges, Ethical Issues, AI Legislation, Algorithmic Bias, Transparency, Accountability, AI Ethics, India, Regulatory Framework, Data Governance, Liability.

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Electroencephalogram (EEG) headset technology is transforming how humans interact with machines by enabling brain-computer interfaces (BCI). EEG headsets detect electrical signals from the brain and translate them into commands that control devices such as computers, games, and assistive tools. This hands-free control mechanism has opened up new possibilities in healthcare, gaming, and accessibility for individuals with disabilities. Initially developed for medical diagnostics, EEG headsets have now expanded into portable, wireless devices used in everyday life. Companies like Emotiv, NeuroSky, and Open BCI have developed consumer-friendly headsets that integrate seamlessly with virtual reality, education, and smart home control. This report explores the components, working principles, applications, and future potential of EEG headset technology, highlighting its growing role in revolutionizing human-computer interaction.

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EEG (Electroencephalogram), EEG Headset Technology, Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), Neural Signals, Machine Learning, Signal Processing, Neurofeedback Therapy, Wireless EEG Headsets, Medical Diagnostics, Gaming and Virtual Reality (VR), Healthcare Applications, Cognitive Training, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Smart Home Automation, Accessibility & Assistive Technology, Epilepsy Detection, Neuroscience, Dry Electrodes, Wearable EEG Devices, Neural Prosthetics, Mental State Classification, Da

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