Volume 12 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

PeacePulse is a mental health application designed to support users in improving emotional health, fostering mindfulness, and addressing prevalent mental health challenges. It offers an accessible and scalable alternative to traditional mental health services, integrating advanced machine learning (ML) and AI-driven features to proactively predict and support mental wellness. Key functionalities within PeacePulse include a conversational chatbot for first-level emotional support, an interactive platform for users to share personal stories, therapist contact options, self-care activity suggestion, stress assessment, mindful games and exercises to engage users consistently.

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Mental Health, Chatbot, Self-Care Activities, Stress Test, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

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This paper presents a structured design approach for a Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) and Series Active Power Filter to enhance power quality by mitigating current and voltage harmonics. Using a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller for DC-link voltage regulation and instantaneous reactive power theory for reference current extraction, the system employs hysteresis current control for voltage source inverter (VSI) switching. The series-shunt configuration addresses harmonic disturbances, improving voltage stability at the load side. MATLAB/Simulink simulations demonstrate SAPF effectiveness under balanced and unbalanced non-linear loads, significantly reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) and improving overall power quality.

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Series Active Filter (SAF), Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF), Power Quality Improvement (PQI), Voltage unbalance, DVR ,PI Controller

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Due to factors including shared strategic objectives, historical ties, and geographic proximity, India and Myanmar's relationship has changed over time. The main elements influencing Indo-Myanmar ties are examined in this paper, along with their political dynamics, economic collaboration, and security considerations. In the past, the relationship has fluctuated between times of harmony and conflict due to changes in India's foreign policy objectives and the domestic political climate in Myanmar. India considers Myanmar to be an essential partner in its "Act East" program, which seeks to improve trade routes and promote regional connectivity due to Myanmar's important location as a bridge connecting South and Southeast Asia. This analysis looks at the ways that India and Myanmar have strengthened their economic relations by working together on infrastructure projects, especially in border areas. Because they face similar difficulties in preserving regional peace, security cooperation--in particular, counterinsurgency and border management--remains a pillar of their bilateral relationship. Additionally, the paper explores how important international actors--particularly China--affect relations between India and Myanmar. India finds it difficult to strike a balance between its strategic interests and Myanmar's growing reliance on Chinese investments. The prospects for future cooperation between India and Myanmar are examined in this analysis's conclusion, with an emphasis on opportunities for both countries' economies to flourish, their strategic alignment, and the advancement of regional stability.

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Indo-Myanmar relations, political dynamics, economic cooperation, and security concerns

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Abstract: Mahatma Gandhiji advocated for Hindi as the national language, considering it as a unifying force for India. He believed that expressing oneself in Hindi fostered a sense of patriotism and was the ideal means of communication for Indians. Gandhi saw Hindi as a bridge across India's vast diversity, encouraging all citizens to learn it as a mark of pride in their homeland. His vision sought to unify the country's regional identities into a cohesive national identity. The Constitution supports this aim, promoting use of Hindi across India to honour Gandhi's vision of a unified nation bound by a common language.

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Key words: Mahatma Gandhi, Hindi, National Language, Constitution, Official language.

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The objective of this paper is to estimate the parameters of New Weighted Exponential distribution with shape parameter(?) and scale parameter(?). In this heuristic algorithm, the least squares method is used to Estimates the parameters of New Weighted Exponential Distribution. We also computed Average Estimate (AE), Variance (VAR), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Square Error (MSE), Relative Error (RE) and Relative Absolute Bias (RAB) for both the parameters under grouped sample based on 1000 simulations to assess the performance of the estimators.

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New Weighted Exponential Parameters, Grouped sample, Median Rank regression method, simulation.

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This study explores the development and optimization of machine learning models for the early detection of diabetes. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of health indicators, including glucose levels, BMI, age, and other risk factors, we implemented various predictive models such as Random Forest, Logistic Regression, SVM, and XGBoost. Data preprocessing involved missing value imputation, feature encoding, and normalization to ensure model robustness. The models were evaluated using key performance metrics, including Accuracy, ROC-AUC, and F1 Score. To enhance model performance, we employed hyperparameter optimization techniques like RandomizedSearchCV and calibration methods, resulting in notable improvements in discriminatory power, particularly for Random Forest and XGBoost. The optimized models demonstrated significant potential for integration into clinical settings, offering a practical tool for early diagnosis and improved patient management. Future work will focus on expanding the dataset and exploring advanced ensemble techniques to further refine the predictive accuracy.

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Machine Learning, Diabetes, Healthcare, Random Forest Classifier, Analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The objective of this paper is to estimate the parameters of New Weighted Exponential distribution with shape parameter(?) and scale parameter(?). In this heuristic algorithm, the Least Squares Regression method is used to Estimates the parameters of New Weighted Exponential Distribution. We also computed Average Estimate(AE), Variance (VAR), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Square Error(MSE), Relative Error (RE) and Relative Absolute Bias (RAB) for both the parameters under grouped sample based on 1000 simulations to assess the performance of the estimators.

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New Weighted Exponential Parameters, Grouped sample, Least Square regression method, simulation.

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The study sought to evaluate the effect of strategic management practices on the academic performance of private schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study examined the effects of strategic planning, strategic leadership, strategic organization structure, and strategic resource allocation on academic performance of private secondary schools in Kiambu county. The study was guided by competence-based management theory, system theory of management, and resource-based theories. Descriptive research design was used in the study. The target population consisted of 78 private secondary schools in Kiambu County. A sample of 39 private secondary schools was derived using Cochran's sample size formula. The schools were selected using stratified and simple random sampling methods. 195 respondents were selected from the sampled schools. This included 39 respondents in the management level, 78 teachers, and 78 support staff. The data was collected using the questionnaire with both open and closed-ended questions. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability through a pilot study, strategic management experts, and Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26, descriptive statistical methods, inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis method. Quantitative data was presented using tables, while qualitative data using narrations. The researcher observed integrity and transparency when collecting the data, interpreting and reporting the findings by upholding privacy, safety, moral and ethical practices. The study found that strategic management practices played a vital role in boosting the academic performance of private secondary schools in Kiambu County. There are significant correlations among strategic planning, leadership, organizational structure, and resource allocation. In conclusion, the study advocates for a comprehensive strategy that integrates these elements to optimize educational outcomes. It is recommended that private secondary schools in Kiambu County adopt this holistic approach to improve academic performance and ensure long-term educational success. Further studies are recommended to be conducted to identify the long-term impact of strategic management on educational institutions

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Strategic Planning, Strategic Leadership, Strategic Organization Structure, Strategic Resources Allocation, Academic Performance

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ABSTRACT Background :- Neck pain is most common these days after pandemic, Neck pain is most common symptom for seeking therapeutic alternative to congenital medicine. Neck pain upper Trapezitis is most Common Condition in desk job. Desk job for prolong hours leads to neck pain which aggravated with further activity, work & Stress. Myofascial Pain symptoms usually involves muscle. Pain with Specific trigger & tender points. In addition to the local or regional Pain, untreated & Chronic cases might lead to Symptoms like depression, Fatigue behavioral disturbances. The Cause for myofascial Pain are Structural inadequacies tight constrictive Clothing, lack of exercises, poor posture, an unsupportive ergonomics. These are various treatment modalities include electrotherapy, manual therapy, Stress reduction, dry needling, ergonomic training for management of Neck pain Trapezitis. 1 Objective :- To Compare the effect of Dry cupping (Myofascial Cupping) (integrated Neuromuscular technique) Trigger point manual therapy on the upper trapezius latent on pain intensity. Myofascial Dry Cupping Technique :- Dry Cupping therapy is a noninvasive treatment commonly used to reduce pain & promote the healing process in various populations, including those with nonspecific neck pain. Manual Pressure Release :- Sustained manual pressure has been advocated as an effective treatment for myofascial trigger points. This study aimed to investigate the effect of manual pressure sensitivity of latent in the upper trapezius muscle, using a novel pressure algometer. (Sustained manual pressure, referred to this paper as Manual pressure release) previously referred to as "ischemic Compression", "inhibition" and "trigger point pressure release''. 2 Objectives :- To find out effective of Myofascial cupping therapy verses Manual myofascial Pressure release on Postural Neck Pain in Desk job Persons. Methods :- A comparative study was conducted in Gokul Global University, Sidhpur. Depending on the selection criteria participants were selected & informed consent was signed. The respondents were then requested to offer their demographic information. Assessment of risk factors in young adults was Completed. The data was analyzed using was performed which includes frequency, mean & standard deviation. 3 CHAPTER 1 Introduction Trapezitis (Neck pain) With desk job. Neck pain upper Trapezitis is most common condition after pandemic where most of the education and all office work are online. Desk job for prolong hours leads to neck pain which aggravated with further activity, work & stress. Myofascial pain symptoms usually involves muscle pan with specific trigger points. In addition to the local or regional pain untreated & chronic cases fatigue & behavioral disturbances. The cause for Myofascial pain are structural inadequacies, tight constrictive clothing, lack of exercises, poor posture, an unsupportive ergonomics, There are various treatment modalities include electrotherapy manual therapy, stress reduction, dry needling, ergonomic training for management of neck pain Trapezitis. Non specific neck pain is typically caused by mechanical or Myofascial disorders. Trigger point is one of the most widespread long-lasting muscle disorders affecting all ages & social groups, regardless of occupation, physical build or physical activity levels. A TRP is associated with a tender spot situated in a taunt band of muscle. 4 when this spot is manipulated, impulsive or exertion pain may be experienced. TRP is classified as latent or active. However, both types have the potential to Create pain, limit Rom & restrict functional activities, therefore Clinically it is important to identify it & should be addressed as part of a comprehensive physiotherapy programs. Currently instrument based & non instrument based manual therapy interventions exist for deactivation or TRPs. Dry needling, Dry Cupping, ischemic Compression, muscle energy techniques, strain counter strain are the most Common conventional treatment approaches for treating Trp. Cupping therapy is an ancient form of alternative medicine in which a therapist applies cups on your skin for few minutes to create suction in order to mobilize accumulated blood. Cupping therapy helps in removing harmful substances & toxin from the body to promote healing and it is one of the best detoxification treatment. According to history, Cupping therapy, a traditional Chinese medicine threads, has been used for > 2000 years. 5 According Muslim history cupping therapy was practiced and its awareness spread by PROPHET ( P.B.U.H) It is Sunnah to do cupping on sunnah points also called (horary) points. Nowadays it is accepted worldwide by Olympic athletes like Michael phelps, Alex naddour & many who use & suggested cupping as remedial for sports injury. Cupping therapy is an effective way to manipulate sort tissues. It works on various theories like reflex zone theory, Pain gate theory & Genetic theory. It is described detoxification process by which waste matte & toxins are removed and as harmonization process for the imbalanced vital energy. Today, Cupping is widely used as a holistic treatment in foreign for inpatient care & prevention and treatment of various disorders, as well as for promotion of general health. Cupping therapy generates relaxation, rejuvenation, improve blood circulation improve skin conditions, revitalization, deep tissue massage & sports injure. Muslim society follow this therapy as a sunnah or Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) and like to get it performed on lunar dates. With day to day activities & lifestyle, with wrong posture, unsupported ergonomic people are prone for TRP which are frequently seen in trapezius muscle, as it is an antigravity muscle holding the head to inefficient posture & emotional stress adding on to activate Trp. The Psychological side effects of living with chronic pain can be debilitating as pain itself. Thus by reducing the pain, a person can focus on his work more clearly. 6 1.2 Need Of The Study Researcher & healthcare professionals are becoming more interested in performing comparison studies to evaluate the efficacy of various approaches as their understanding of upper trapezius and its treatment choice advances. Such research can help to improve patient care & outcomes by shedding light on the best, most reliable method for treating upper trapezius. Researchers are comparing Myofascial cupping & Manual Muscle pressure release techniques effectiveness for pain relieve along with neck & shoulder girdle exercise, ergonomical changes make evidence-based recommendations for efficient treatment protocols that are specifically suited to the needs of individuals with upper Trapezitis. This study aims to contribute to the expanding body of information upper Trapezitis care & may enhance their quality of life. 7 1.3 Significance Of The Study Myalgia and inflammation in the upper trapezius muscle region are two examples of the conditions that fall under the category of musculoskeletal upper extremity discomfort, which creates serious problems for people's productivity and well-being. This comparison of Myofascial Release (MR) and Myofascial Dry Cupping Therapy (MDCT), combined with neck and shoulder girdle exercises, is very important for a number of reasons. Selection of Treatments Based on Evidence:- Healthcare professionals frequently struggle with the choice of the most successful therapy strategy for musculoskeletal upper body pain due to the wealth of therapeutic choices accessible. The objective of this study is to offer empirical proof of the relative effectiveness of targeted exercises, Myofascial Release, and Myofascial Dry Cupping therapy. These research-based conclusions can help doctors build individualized treatment regimens for their patients, improving outcomes and decreasing trial-and-error in therapy selection. Improved Patient Outcomes:- Improving patient outcomes requires an understanding of the effectiveness of interventions. Exercises for the shoulder girdle, neck and shoulders can be compared to find the best pain alleviations, functional improvement, and range of motion. This information results in more effective treatment plans that enhance the comfort, mobility, and general quality of life of patients. Advancement of Therapeutic Approaches:- This study advances musculoskeletal pain management by investigating Myofascial Release and Myofascial Dry Cupping therapy, along with targeted exercises, to uncover mechanisms of action and synergistic effects. This could lead to more effective therapeutic approaches for upper extremity pain. Holistic Patient Care:- The study emphasizes holistic patient care by incorporating shoulder girdle and neck exercises, addressing muscular imbalances and promoting strength and flexibility. This approach emphasizes multimodal treatment strategies for comprehensive pain management. 8 1.4 Aim & Objective The aim of this comparative study is to assess and compare the effectiveness of two therapeutic interventions, Myofascial Release and Myofascial Dry Cupping therapy, along with targeted shoulder girdle and neck exercises, in managing musculoskeletal upper extremity pain in patients. The study seeks to provide evidence-based insights into the potential benefits of each treatment approach, aiding healthcare practitioners in making informed decisions while designing personalized treatment plans for individuals suffering from musculoskeletal upper extremity pain. Objectives:- To evaluate the efficacy of myofascial Release in reducing pain and improving functional outcomes in patients with musculoskeletal upper extremity pain. To evaluate how well Myofascial Dry Cupping therapy worked in providing pain relief and reducing inflammation in individuals experiencing musculoskeletal upper extremity pain. To compare the impact of "Myofascial Releases" and Myofascial Dry Cupping therapy on the ROM and flexibility of the affected shoulder girdle and neck muscles. 9 1.5 Hypothesis Null Hypothesis (HO) (HO)1: There is no statistical significant effect of "Myofascial Release" along with shoulder girdle exercise and neck exercise in patient's with Upper Trapezitis. (HO)2: There is no statistical tremendous impact of Myofascial Dry Cupping along with shoulder girdle exercise and neck exercise in patient's with Upper Trapezitis. (HO)3: There is no statistical tremendous impact of "Myofascial Release" and Myofascial Dry Cupping along with shoulder girdle exercise and neck exercise in patient's with Upper Trapezitis. Alternate Hypothesis (H1) (H1)1: There is statistical significant effect of "Myofascial Release" along with shoulder girdle exercise and neck exercise in patient's with Upper Trapezitis. (H1)2: There is statistical significant effect of Myofascial Dry Cupping along with shoulder girdle exercise and neck exercise in patient's with Upper Trapezitis. (H1)3: There is statistical significant effect of "Myofascial Release" and Myofascial Dry Cupping along with shoulder girdle exercise and neck exercise in patient's with Upper Trapezitis. 10 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW (Westgaard et al., 2001) There was no discernible variation in the activity of the trapezius muscles between employees who had and did not have shoulder and neck pain, according to a study of female service employees with modest biomechanical exposure. This implies that in this cohort, muscular activity is not a good predictor for vulnerability for neck and shoulder pain. According to the study, stress may play a bigger role in the onset of neck & shoulder discomfort in this population than other factors. They cite the elevated levels of stress that the study's participants reported, as well as earlier research that has connected stress to pain in the neck and shoulders. (Castro-Sanchez et al., 2011) Demonstrates that decreasing upper Trapezitis can be accomplished via myofascial cupping therapy significantly improved patients' quality of life and pain levels. These results are in line with prior studies that have indicated the value of myofascial cupping therapy for treating a range of pain disorders. Both therapies were helpful at reducing pain, according to the findings, although myofascial cupping therapy was superior at enhancing quality of life. In light of the fact that myofascial cupping therapy not only lessens pain but also enhances general quality of life, it is suggested that it may be a more thorough treatment for upper Trapezitis. (V N et al., 2014) The efficacy of positional release therapy and myofascial release therapy in the treatment of Trapezitis were compared in a study. According to the study, both therapies had a positive impact on range of motion and pain levels. Positional release therapy was shown to be less successful than myofascial release therapy. 11 According to the study's conclusions, myofascial release therapy may be better option for treating Trapezitis than positional release therapy. However, additional study is required to validate these results. (Mishra et al., 2018) Conducted a research where individuals with upper trapezius muscular spasm were compared to the benefits of Myofascial Release (MFR) & Active Release Technique (ART) on pain and neck flexibility in movement. Both methods were successful in lessening pain and enhancing range of motion, according to the study. However, ART might be a better option for treating upper trapezius muscular spasm than MFR. However, additional study is required to validate these results. (Choksi et al., 2021) Conducted to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of three different treatments for upper Trapezitis: ischemic compression, deep transverse friction massage and sham conventional therapy. The study found that all three treatments were effective in terms of pain relief and restricted ROM. However there was no statistically subsequent difference between three treatments. According to the study's findings, each of the three therapies has a comparable impact on lowering upper Trapezitis. Healthcare professionals need to know this information in order to suggest the best course of action for their patients. The long-term effectiveness of the therapies in lowering discomfort and limited range of motion was also discovered by the investigation. This is significant for patients because it suggests that they can anticipate experiencing long-lasting symptom relief. The study was well planned and carried out and the outcomes are trustworthy. The study followed the best practices for clinical research- randomized controlled trials. The study also used a sizable sample size, which boosts the accuracy of the findings. 12 (Joshi et al., 2022) Looked out to find the efficacy of "Myofascial Release (MFR)" and high frequency "transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)." The findings demonstrated that in subjects with trapezius myalgia, both MFR & TENS were successful in lowering pain and enhancing function. However, it was discovered that MFR was more efficient than TENS at minimizing discomfort and enhancing range of motion. 13 Review Of Literature Literature suggests the need to explore myofascial Cupping on autonomous nervous system affecting the pain sensitivity. However, these methods have not been critically evaluated or compared. Therefore, we hypothesized that MFC therapy will show better effect than manual pressure release on pain, pressure pain threshold (PPT) & neck movement in individuals with latent TPR in trapezius. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of MFC therapy and MPR on these parameters. 14 CHAPTER 3 MATERIAL AND METHOD Methodology :- A 3.1 Study design :- Comparative Study 3.2 Study Settings :- Gokul Global University, Sidhpur 3.3 Sampling Method :- Comparison between two therapy 3.4 Sample size Calculation:- 42 people 3.5 Sampling Criteria I. Inclusion Criteria o Age between 15-40 years o Both Genders o Neck pain more than 3 months (Chronic Trapezitis cases) II. Exclusion Criteria :- o Any injury to Neck o Cervical Region Congenital deformity o Neurological disorders o Acute inflammatory Condition 3.6 Outcome Measures :- A. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) B. Active Cervical lateral flexion using goniometer. 3.7 Operation Definitions :- Trapezitis:- Trapezitis is a common condition that causes inflammation of the trapezius muscles in the Upper Back and Neck. 15 3.8 Data Collection Tools :- ? Assessment form ? Consent form ? Data Sheet ? Marker Pen ? Pencil ? Eraser ? Paper ? Alcohol Swab ? Recording material ? Inch Tape ? Dry Cupping cups, Piston gun ? Neck disability scale form ? Numerical Analog Scale for pain ? Goniometer ? Algometer for measuring pain & pressure threshold. Fig 3.8.1 Data Collection Tools 16 3.9 Methods:- An experimental study was carried in Cresent High School and Infigrity IT Company in Juhapura, Ahmedabad. There were 42 participants. The sample size was determined using primer statistical Software, 21 participants in each group was calculated based on a previous study with alpha =Power alteration, mean difference and expected s > at Therefore total sample size taken was 42. Participants aged 15 years - 40 years, male & females with neck pain more than 3 months, having latent TrPs in upper trapezius were included And participants excluded were one with :- (a) Any other musculoskeletal problem at or around cervical region like fracture, sprain. (b) Systemic disorder, infection, Progressive disorder. (c) Neurological Conditions. (d) Any Psychological disorder where person might not Cooperate for the treatment. (e) One who has taken m treatment for TrPs within 6 months. Participants were examined for TrP in upper trapezius muscle with following diagnostic Criteria. 1. Taut band within the muscle. 2. Exquisite tenderness at a point on the taut band. 3. Referred pain. 4. Local twitch response. 17 Baseline assessment was taken pain intensity using Numerical pain rating scale. (NPRS), Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT) by pressure Algometer & cervical lateral flexion to contralateral. side of Trp by universal goniometer. Outcome Measure :- 1. Pain intensity :- It was assessed by NPRS - (Numerical Pain Rating Scale) that best reflects the intensity of the pain. The 11 points numeric Scale ranges form " 0 " representing no pain to " 10 " representing worst pain. a. NPRS is valid & reliable scale to measure pain intensity. 2. Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT):- It is the minimal amount of pressure that produces pain .PPT was measured by a wanger Algometer which is considered as a reliable method in the assessment of TrPs sensitivity. It consisted of a 1 cm2 rubber tip & dial that could display the pressure of up to 10 kg with graduation with 100 gm . Algometer was placed perpendicular on the marked Trp On the trapezius & then the pressure was applied until the pressure caused a pain. The maximum pressure displayed by the Algometer was recorded. Three measurements were obtained and the mean value was calculated. 3. Range of Motion(ROM):- Cervical lateral flexion motion was measured using goniometer. Participants were asked to sit upright & laterally flex their head towards opposite side of the Trp The motion was stopped once the available ROM was completed the care was taken to disallow shoulder elevation. The cervical CROM measured by goniometer. 18 Methodology B Collection of Data Group A Group A was treated with MFC and Group B treated with MPR. Group A Myofascial Dry Cupping Muscle selection :- Trapezius ( Upper) Sternocleidomastoid Levator Scapulae Sub occipitals. Trigger Points Sensitivity :- Trigger points sensitivity in the stated muscles were determined by perpendicular thumb pressure on TPS sensitivity ranking from 0 to 2. 0 - indicates thumb palpation increased sensitivity in TPs area without pain indicates intensity of pain increased and patient reports pain when asked. Indicate that pain intensity increased & patient spontaneously notes the pain when pressure pa applied. The Trigger points sensitivity on each muscle were summed & the total recorded as Trigger points sensitivity. Each active MTrps was diagnosed based on Simons diagnostic criteria after palpating Trigger Points sensitivities It was marked with Pen, Then wiped with alcohol pad. 19 Material required :- Three plastic cup with size 2.5 cm in diameter One piston gun Goniometer Inch tap Pen Alcohol parcel 3.10 Myofascial Cupping Techniques:- Trp in upper trapezius was identified and marked. Then participants were taken in prone or comfortable sitting position, lubrication was applied Ove the marked point & three cups were places. 1st Cup placed on C7 Spinous Process area followed by treatment cup on marked area and counter balance cup was secured on other side of treatment cup. Cups were placed & fixed with help of piston gun by creating a negative pressure (Vacuum) inside Cups. Participants was asked for any discomfort during the Session . After 10 minutes, the Cups were removed. Again lubricants or Alovera gel can be applied over the marks. Next Session was done after 3 days. 20 3.11 Myofascial Pressure Release:- Participants were assessed for TrPs & then in supine position, the participants arm was placed in shoulder abduction, external rotation and head side flexed.to the involved side with elbow flexion. Using the pincher grip. the therapist moves through the fibers of trapezius on marked point. Pressure Compression was followed by strain counter strain i.e. isometric contraction of muscles & then MPR was given. Each isometric sessions applied for 8-10 seconds & followed by contralateral side bending flexion & ipsilateral rotation to maintain the sort tissue Stretch for 30 seconds & was repeated 5 times. The duration of treatments was 10 min per session, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Measurement taken in both groups with goniometer Lat side flexion. Pressure & Pain threshold measured with algometer. In both approach MFC & MPR , All Participants got stability Exercises of neck muscles for 15 minutes , Three Sessions per week with 10 Sec. hold, 10 repetitions with 2 minutes rest interval between the exercises. 21 3.12 Stability Exercise :- Fig 3.12.1 Neck Exercises 22 Static Neck Exercise:- Fig 3.12.2 Neck Exercises 23 Fig 3.12.3 Neck Exercises 24 Fig 3.12.4 Neck Exercises 25 Fig 3.12.5 Neck Exercises 26 Fig 3.12.6 Neck Exercises 27 Fig 3.12.7 Neck Exercises 28 Fig 3.12.8 Neck Exercises 29 Fig 3.12.9 Neck Exercises 30 Fig 3.12.10 Stability Neck Exercises 31 Fig 3.12.11 Stability Neck Exercises 32 Fig 3.12.12 Shoulder Girdle Exercises Methodology B (Data Collection Procedure) :- I have approached the population & encourage them to take part in the study. I checked for the inclusion & exclusion criteria among the population. I explained the study after the participants have seen selected. After signing the inform consent form, I took demographic details before starting the procedure. I have taken fall assessment Or Participants, I have checked owes try Disability Index questionnaire of day to day life physical activities. I have taken all neck ROM with goniometer at starting and end of my sessions. 33 I have checked Tenderness & Trigger points with digital algometer. Consisting of a capacitance sensor attached to the tip of the palpating thumb changes in pressure sensitivity were also measured during the application of Manual pressure Release via Numerical pain Scale. 34 CHAPTER 4 4.1 STATISTICAL RESULTS 35 Table 1 Graph 4.1 36 Table 2 Graph 4.2 37 Table 3 Graph 4.3 38 Table 4 Graph 4.4 39 Table 5 Gender wise distribution in Manual Pressure Therapy Group Gender Number Percentages Graph 4.5 40 Table 6 Graph 4.6 41 Table 7 Graph 4.7 42 Table 8 Graph 4.8 43 Table 9 Pain Score Wise Distribution Between Cupping Therapy Group And Manual Pressure Therapy Group Time Groups Mean SD Difference T Value P Value Before Cupping Therapy Group 8.67 0.73 1.00 0.151 0.767** Manual Pressure Therapy Group 7.67 1.01 After Cupping Therapy Group 0.38 0.49 -1.3 -5.9328 0.001* Manual Pressure Therapy Group 1.76 0.94 Level of Significance P < 0.05, Significant, **Non Significant Statistically, no significant difference was present in pain score between Cupping Therapy Group and Manual Pressure Therapy Group. Mean pain score was less in Cupping Therapy Group (0.38 + 0.49) as compared to Manual Pressure Therapy Group after group (1.76 + 0.94). Statistically, significant difference was present in pain score between Cupping Therapy Group and Manual Pressure Therapy Group. Graph 4.9 44 Table 10 Graph 4.10 45 CHAPTER 5 5.1 DISCUSSION The purpose of study was to determine how manual muscle pressure and myofascial dry cupping therapy decrease level of perceived pain associated with nonspecific neck pain and increased localized blood flow of the treated tissues compared with sham cupping and control conditions along with neck exercises and posture correction. In my comparative study I took 42 people 21 are students below age 20 years old other group 21 people age between 20 to 40 years which are working in IT Industry. In both group there are tender points and upper trapezius neck pain. In both group neck pain and lateral neck flexion is reduced. My moto of study is which is fastest pain reliver and improving lateral neck flexion. In my study I found myofascial cupping therapy along with neck exercise reduced neck pain faster then manual pressure release. On improving lateral neck flexion both are same effective. 46 5.2 Limitations of the Study While this study offers valuable insights into the efficacy of Manual Myofascial Release, Myofascial Cupping Therapy and targeted exercises for musculoskeletal upper extremity pain management, certain limitations must be acknowledged to contextualize the findings appropriately: Sample Size : The relatively small sample size may restrict the generalizability of the results and limit the ability to detect nuanced effects. Lack of Control Group : The absence of a specific control group hinders the isolation of intervention effects, potentially influencing the interpretation of outcomes. Subjective Reporting : The self-report nature of pain assessment and patient-reported outcomes introduces potential bias and variability in data collection. These limitations, while important to acknowledge, do not diminish the significance of the study's contributions to musculoskeletal pain management. They serve as guiding points for future research endeavors, encouraging a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities surrounding the efficacy of these interventions. It is critical to interpret the findings with caution. The study adds to the ongoing search for evidence-based techniques to improving patient outcomes and developing musculoskeletal pain care practices. Larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods and controlled designs in future research can give more substantial evidence and enhance the foundations for effective pain management strategies. Future research is needed not only to standardize treatment guidelines but also to continue analyzing the physiological effect of dry cupping therapy. The physiological mechanism and theory behind dry cupping must also continue to be evaluated. 47 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION In patients with musculoskeletal upper extremity pain, particularly upper Trapezitis, a comparative analysis of Manual Myofascial Release vs. Myofascial Cupping Therapy, accompanied by shoulder girdle and neck exercises, yielded valuable insights into effective pain management strategies. The study's outcomes demonstrated potential early benefits of Myofascial Cupping Therapy in reducing pain intensity and improving functional outcomes for individuals with musculoskeletal upper extremity pain. The application of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) revealed statistically significant reductions in pain intensity across all interventions- Manual Myofascial Release, Myofascial Cupping Therapy and the combined intervention. Particularly noteworthy was the combined intervention's pronounced pain reduction, suggesting potential synergistic effects between targeted exercise and myofascial cupping therapy for addressing musculoskeletal upper extremity discomfort. This study highlights the significant role of these therapies in diminishing pain severity, with improving lateral neck flexion. 6.1 Future Scope Of The Study The current comparison of Myofascial Cupping Therapy and Manual Myofascial Release together with neck and shoulder exercise in patients with musculoskeletal upper extremity discomfort, paved the way for further investigation and research in a number of areas. Long Term Follow-up Studies: Long term follow-up research will help determine whether the pain alleviation and functional gains were sustainable and durable. 48 Comparison with Other Modalities: In the future, research might compare the efficacy of Myofascial Cupping Therapy and Manual Myofascial Release to other therapeutic modalities that are frequently employed to treat pain in the muscular upper extremities. Mechanisms of Action: Researching the basic principles that underlie Myofascial Cupping Therapy and Manual Myofascial Release can help us better understand how these treatments for musculoskeletal pain work. Studies Comparing Non-pharmacological Interventions To Drug Therapies: Studies comparing the efficacy of non-pharmacological to standard pain killer for Upper Trapezitis may focused on advantages of non invasive therapies. 49 CHAPTER 7 SUMMARY Aiming to treat patients with muscles skeletal upper extremity discomfort, notably upper Trapezitis the study compared the effectiveness of Manual Pressure Release and Myofascial Cupping Therapy with neck & shoulder girdle exercises. The two groups 21 each is MFR + exercise other group MFC + exercises have been studied on. The trial lasted 45 days, each intervention consisted of 20 minutes sessions that were held every alternate days in week. Prior to and following the therapies, the Numerical pain rating scale was used to measure severity of pain. For data comparisons, normality tests were performed using SPPS version. The study's findings showed that Myofascial Cupping significantly decreased severity of pain compare to Myofascial Pressure Release Therapy. To support and build upon these important discoveries, additional research with bigger sample numbers & longer follow up time is advice. 50 CHAPTER 8 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 MANUAL PRESSURE RELEASE REFERENCES 61 62 63 64 65 66

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Cupping Therapy, Manual Muscle Release, Neck Pain, Trapezitis , etc.

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Ethosomes, Fluticasone propionate, Gel, skin conditions, Phospholipids, Triethanolamine and Carbopol 934.

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