Volume 12 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

AbstractAn essential step on the path to women's economic empowerment is financial literacy. Women's ability to achieve financial independence and security is hampered by the gender gap in financial literacy, notwithstanding notable advancements in a number of fields. This article highlights the value of financial education in advancing gender equality as it examines the relationship between financial literacy and women's economic empowerment. It examines recent research, notes socioeconomic and cultural obstacles, and showcases effective financial literacy initiatives across the globe.According to the research, women who possess financial literacy are considerably better able to manage their money, make wise decisions, and engage more actively in the economy. Initiatives like She Counts and the Global Banking Alliance for Women have shown promise in raising women's financial literacy and outcomes. Additionally, internet resources and digital tools have become popular ways to deliver easily accessible financial education, especially in underprivileged areas.The significance of financial literacy in encouraging women to establish and grow businesses is highlighted in this article, which also shows how financially savvy women are more likely to do so. It also looks at how financial services catered to women's needs by microfinance organizations empowers women.The topic of debate is the necessity of public-private partnerships and gender-sensitive financial policies in order to advance thorough financial education. We can unleash women's potential and reap the rewards of wider economic growth and societal advantages by bridging the gap in financial literacy. In order to support women's economic empowerment, this article ends with legislative proposals and a call to action for stakeholders to finance financial literacy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: women empowerment, financial literacy, economic empowerment.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines how parents play a crucial role in enabling individuals with disabilities (Divyangjan) to pursue self-employment, emphasizing how they support resilience, independence, and business success. Purposive sampling approaches were used in a descriptive research design to interview ten parents of self-employed Divyangjan in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. The results show that parental support is multifaceted and includes networking opportunities, financial aid, skill development, mentorship, and emotional support. For overcoming early entrepreneurial obstacles, parents offer seed money, information exchange, and operational support. Emotional support boosts self-esteem and motivation, and physical assistance, such workspace and tools, creates a basis for long-term projects. Long-term development is encouraged by parental role modeling, which instills virtues of tenacity and flexibility.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Divyangjan, Parent, Self-Employment

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper is based on the historical context of death penalty along with highlighting upon the constituent assembly debates along with the opinions of the renowned proponents. This paper deals with legal provisions which consist of the death penalty especially in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. This paper also navigates on the validity of death penalty along with highlighting upon the "rarest of rare doctrine" by also focusing on the landmark judgements which emphasise upon the doctrine also balancing it with Article 21 of the constitution of India. The researcher also navigates the international perspective of death penalty which includes the human rights perspectives on death penalty highlighting on the International conventions. This paper also navigates the perspective of different countries on the death penalty highlighting abolitionist and retentionist point of view with regard to death penalty where the abolitionist side emphasises more on right to life of the offender and states that capital punishment is inhumane whereas the retentionist side contends that death penalty serves as a deterrent. The researcher emphasises upon the attitudes and psychological impact of the individuals who are involved in the death penalty process along with navigating on the psychological impact of the victims' families. This paper further discusses other punishments which can be imposed apart from the death penalty. Further, the paper makes some suggestions on the reformative methods alternative to death penalty and its implementation in the legal system. Lastly this paper inclines more on retaining the practice of capital punishment and does not favour abolishing the same.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Death Penalty, Retention, Abolition, Capital Punishment

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Phyto compounds have constituted an alternative source of antimicrobial agents. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out on the documented procedures. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using modified disc diffusion method. The chemical constituents of the herbal drugs were assessed using gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GCMS) The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, tannins, steroids, glycosides. The GC-MS analysis revealed the following major bioactive compounds: 25 Compounds were identified in lichen Parmelia perlata powder .The ethyl acetate and aqueous extract was inhibited the growth of selected Gram positive bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus in the range of 16 mm and 14.5 mm by comparing standard Linezoid 15.5 mm, and Bacillus subtilis 15mm and 15mm by comparing standard Tetracycline 14 mm .Gram negative bacterial strain Escherichia coli in the range of 17mm and 13 mm comparing standard Sulbactum 16 mm and Proteus vulgarius in the range of 15.5 mm and 14 mm by comparing standard Cefotaxim 34 mm respectively (Table 5). The antifungal activity of Candida albicans in the range of 16.5 mm and 11.5 mm by comparing standard Fluconazole 17mm. The ethyl acetate extract of Parmelia perlata in all gram positive and gram negative microorganisms showed maximum good inhibition and also the anti fungal activity maximum good inhibition in ethyl acetate extract of Parmelia perlata.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Phytocompounds, GC-MS , Anti microbial activity, Anti fungal activity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Tribal groups are the earliest settlers in any civilization. Their culture manifests in their Oral tradition as a part of their socio-cultural need which perpetuates their wisdom and knowledge across the time. Tribes share their knowledge as a part of community resources. Oral- tradition popularly known as folklore is a part of the social function and social control in tribes. The tradition is popular in Jaunsari culture. The Jaunsari are a small community found in Northern India more specifically in the Jaunsar Bawar region of Garhwal Division. Jaunsari people trace their ethnic origin from Pandavas of the mythological tale 'Mahabharata' which has a tremendous social and religious impact. Jaunsar has the belief that the Pandavas spent their final year of exile in the Jaunsar region of Garhwal, and that the Pandavas made their final ascent to heaven through the Himalayas.The major vehicle by which Jaunsari' express and explore their understandings of Mahabharata is pandav lila, a local tradition of ritual performance. It is more precisely described as a "ritual drama." This representation is visible in their local fairs, festival, food, dress and culture. The present paper discusses the importance of the oral tradition of Jaunsar in this modern era with special reference to Tyuni, a place in district Dehradun of Garhwal Region

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tribal ,Jaunsar, Mahabharata , Mahsu Devta

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Holi is a very important festival of the whole of India. It is celebrated as a very big festival for forty days in Braj Mandal. This forty-day Holi starts from Vasant Panchami, after that Phalera Dooj, Barsana ki Holi, Laddu Maar Holi, Lathmar Holi, Nandgaon ki Holi, Rang Bharni Ekadashi, Holika Dahan, Dolot sav (Dhulendi), Dauji ki Holi and this Hora festival of Braj continues till Holi Purnima. With the onset of Dhanda on Vasant Panchami, the festival of Hori also begins in the temples here. Holi is celebrated by different sects of Braj in different temples here according to different seva methods. Samaj-Gayan goes on continuously every day in the temples. Holi Dhamar are sung with the accompaniment of many types of instruments. Meanwhile, the visitors who come to the temple cannot stop themselves from dancing, lost in this devotional music. Samaj Gayan is also organized on a very large scale in Barsana Holi, in which many Rasiya are sung along with Holi Dhamar. People from all over the country and abroad come to see these amazing scenes. Holi of Braj is completely related to Radha Krishna and the verses and songs of Holi are also related to Radha Krishna. This devotional Holi of Braj has a deep connection with music. Braj Holi is incomplete without Samaj Gayan, the sweet sound of various instruments and the dance of Gop-Gopis.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

key words-Braj, Holi, Music, Dandha, Samaj Gayan, Dhamar, Huranga, Rasiya.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present article explores the sociocultural dynamics and developmental paths of Madhya Pradesh's three Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs): the Baiga, Bharia, and Saharia. It uses a cross-cultural analytical methodology to investigate how customs, cultural resiliency, and the current developmental obstacles that these communities face interact. The study explores important aspects like livelihood patterns, education, health, gender roles, and access to government welfare programs using fieldwork, secondary data, and ethnographic narratives. The analysis reveals the conflicts between these communities' cultural identity and developmental goals while highlighting their distinctive adaptive strategies. Their interactions with contemporary institutions and technologies are specifically examined, along with the implications of these interactions for heritage preservation. The results highlight the necessity of context-sensitive and participatory policies that close the gap between PVTGs' sociocultural realities and sustainable development goals. In order to promote pathways toward equitable and culturally aligned development, the article ends by offering frameworks to improve the efficacy and inclusivity of interventions targeted at these tribal communities.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Cultural Attributes, Baiga, Bharia, Saharia

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract-Captions by allowing the model to focus on relevant parts of the image while generating the text. These attention mechanisms have been successfully integrated into image captioning models, resulting in more accurate and contextually aware captions. The combination of object detection and image captioning techniques opens exciting possibilities for applications such as automated image description, visual search, and assistive technologies for the visually impaired.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Object Detection, Caption Generation, Deep Learning

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The paper highlights the grim reality faced by Indian women, who are often unable to refuse sexual intercourse with their husbands due to the societal normalization of marital rape. It asserts that this decriminalized offense severely impacts women's psychology and mental health, subjecting them to ongoing trauma. The author critiques Section 63 of the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita , which defines rape but includes an exception stating that sexual intercourse with a wife is not considered rape. The article analyzes legal provisions and case law to argue that this exception is unconstitutional, asserting that marriage does not imply consent for sexual intercourse. Marital rape violates constitutional rights to bodily autonomy, dignity, and equality, aligning with protections in Article 21 (right to life) and CEDAW. The paper advocates for marital rape to be recognized as a crime, aligning India's laws with international standards and providing justice to married women who face sexual violence within marriage. The paper examines the evolution of rape laws in India, tracing their development from the Indian Penal Code of 1860 to present-day amendments. While key issues such as the role of consent and the age of consent have been clarified over time, the contentious issue of marital rape remains unresolved. Despite public protests and reforms aimed at harsher punishments for sexual violence, incidents of sexual assault continue to spark outrage. The paper reviews various amendments made to address these concerns, highlights the loopholes such as exemption of marital rape from the BNS, inadequate protection of married women, violation of constitutional rights, no remedy in civil law, psychological impact and social stigma, and emphasizes the need for further reforms to ensure comprehensive legal protection against sexual violence in India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

marital rape, sexual intercourse, section 375 of Indian penal code, section 63 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, consent

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sound treatments are gaining attention as innovative, non-invasive methods for enhancing the shelf life of perishable fruits like grapes. This study examines the impact of sound frequencies (250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz) on the post-harvest quality of Thompson Seedless grapes. Grapes were exposed to sound waves for varying durations (5, 10, and 15 minutes) and stored under controlled conditions. Quality parameters, including weight loss, firmness, decay rate, color retention, and microbial load, were assessed. Results showed that sound treatment, particularly at 500 Hz for 10 minutes, significantly improved the shelf life by reducing weight loss, microbial activity, and decay rates while maintaining firmness and color stability. This study establishes sound treatment as a sustainable and chemical-free alternative for enhancing post-harvest management.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sound treatment, grape preservation, microbial decay, post-harvest technology, shelf life extension, quality retention

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition