Volume 8 | Issue 1 | January-2020

 Abstract

The prevention and control in plant disease plays vital role in architectural filed. Accurate and rapid diagnostic of disease helps to control the disease at early stage. The detection of plant disease using automatic technique is beneficial and reduces large work of monitoring each individual plant in the farm. A combined usage of image processing techniques and machine learning techniques helps to recognize the disease. This paper includes the study of existing systems for plant disease detection. The study includes various technique used for disease detection its advantages and limitations. Based on the existing work analysis, a new system is proposed. In the proposed system, plant leaf image features are extracted using Gabor filter and watershed segmentation algorithm which includes the color, texture and intensity property of image. Based on the extracted features the image is compared with existing disease training data. The test image is labeled with the related disease using classification technique.

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 Keywords

Image Processing, Machine learning, Plant Disease, Naive Bays, SVM, Random Forest

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Caesarean delivery is now one of the most common practices throughout the world. The most common serious side effect of spinal anaesthesia is maternal hypotension. The aim of the current study was to compare the incidence of hypotension with crystalloid pre-hydration and co-hydration in pregnant women undergoing caesarean section. This prospective study was conducted on 50 pregnant women in Parsa, Nepal. The study patients were divided into two groups (crystalloid pre-hydration group and co-hydration group) consisting of 25 patients in each group. Haemodynamic parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were monitored. In the present study after the induction of spinal anaesthesia both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was gradually decreased from baseline among the pregnant women. the blood pressure of the pregnant women with crystalloid co-hydration was significantly higher than that of pregnant women with crystalloid pre-hydration. The occurrence of hypotension among the women with crystalloid co-hydration was significantly lower than of women with crystalloid pre-hydration. Our study shows crystalloid co-hydration administered immediately after the induction of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section is associated with a lesser incidence of hypotension than crystalloid pre-hydration.

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 Keywords

Spinal anaesthesia; maternal hypotension, crystalloid pre-hydration, co-hydration

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This study aims to identify and analyze the environmental factors influencing the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in university libraries. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted among professional library staff, supplemented by face-to-face interviews for data collection. The research focuses on key environmental influences such as competitive pressure, external support, and institutional interventions. Findings indicate that these factors have a significant positive impact on ICT adoption in university libraries.

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 Keywords

Market Competition, External Support, ICT Adoption, Institutional Intervention, Economic factors, invisible factors

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The separation of powers is a cornerstone of governance, distributing governmental functions among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This ensures that each branch holds independent authority, preventing the concentration of power and maintaining democracy through a system of checks and balances. It is generally understood that the three organs of State authority are expected to function within their respective domains, with the ultimate aim of ensuring an effective system of governance for the people. The Parliament and the Judiciary, in particular, are expected to work in harmony so that democracy can evolve to its fullest potential. Although the Indian Constitution assigns both institutions distinct and independent roles, an absolute separation of powers between them is not feasible. Since both Parliament and the Judiciary are creations of the same Constitution, the framers envisioned that they would operate with mutual respect and trust, rather than in essence of one being superior to the other. However, in practice, conflicts do arise between the judiciary and legislature in certain areas. One such area of contention is parliamentary privileges. This article raises important questions: Do parliamentarians enjoy absolute privileges? To what extent are parliamentary privileges subject to Fundamental Rights? And what is the extent and scope of judicial review in these matters within the Indian context?

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Judicial Perspective on Constitutional Challenges to Parliamentary Privileges in India

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Seawater desalination is an important method for meeting the growing need for fresh water; nevertheless, it is quite energy expensive due to the high salt of the source. Studies on using solar energy to drive seawater desalination are intensively pursued. Solar energy is a potentially ideal green energy source for water desalination, particularly in non-residential areas where the grid is unavailable. Photovoltaic (PV) cells powered by solar energy are a realistic and cost-effective method for supplying electricity for low-emission water desalination systems in regions such as deserts and offshore stations. The PV energy must be treated using power electronic power conditioning equipment. In this project, a prototype model for turning salt water to fresh water using the solar (PV Cells) desalination process was built and tested for performance. The results demonstrate consistency in acquiring fresh water.

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 Keywords

Salt water, Fresh water, PV cells

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Natural fiber composites have drawn a lot of interest because of its costeffectiveness, lightweight nature, and environmental advantages.The mechanical characteristics of epoxy composites reinforced with kenaf, hemp, and E-glass fibers are examined in this work. Comparing these composites' tensile, flexural, and impact strengths is the main goal in order to assess their potential for structural uses. The hand lay-up method was used to produce the composites, and ASTMcompliant mechanical testing was then conducted.According to the findings, composites reinforced with Eglass fiber have the best mechanical strength, followed by those made of hemp and kenaf. In contrast to synthetic alternatives, the natural fiber composites (hemp and kenaf) showed improved sustainability and a good strength-to-weight ratio. Keywords: mechanical characteristics, epoxy composites, kenaf, hemp, eglass, and natural fibers.While Eglass continues to be stronger, this study shows that kenaf and hemp fibers have the potential to be good substitutes for synthetic reinforcements in lightweight applications. The results aid in the creation of environmentay friendly composite materials for use in engineering.

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INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF KENAF, HEMP AND E-GLASS REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES

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Panini was an ancient Vedic Indian Mathematician and Father of linguist. After all he is widely regarded as the father of Sanskrit grammar. His magnum opus, the A??adhyaya is a comprehensive and systematic treatise on Sanskrit morphology, phonology, and syntax. Panini's work had a profound impact on the development of Indian linguistics and literature. His rules and principles were adopted by later grammarians and scholars, and his influence can be seen in the works of many classical Indian authors. Panini's work also had a significant impact on the development of modern linguistics, and his ideas are still studied and debated by scholars today. In addition to his contributions to linguistics, Panini also made significant contributions to the development of mathematics. He introduced the concept of zero and developed a system of mathematical notation that is still used in India today. He also made contributions to the study of astronomy and physics. Panini's work is considered to be one of the most important contributions to Indian culture and scholarship. He is remembered as a brilliant and innovative thinker whose work has had a lasting impact on the world.

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 Keywords

Comprehensive, Morphology, Phonology, Syntax, Linguistics, Literature, Significant, Contributions, Calture.

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Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing manufacturing efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness in the automobile sector. Indian automobile companies, faced with increasing competition and globalization, have adopted TPM as a tool to enhance productivity and operational excellence. This research paper explores the TPM practices implemented by leading Indian automobile companies, their impact on production efficiency, and the challenges faced during implementation. The study is based on secondary data sources, industry reports, and case studies.

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Total Productive Maintenance, Automobile Industry, India, TPM Implementation, Operational Efficiency

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A critical issue facing small-scale industries today is the struggle to effectively market their products in the global marketplace, due to intense competition from larger multinational corporations, resulting in limited market access, inadequate branding, and difficulty adapting to rapidly changing consumer preferences, significantly limiting their growth potential and often leading to a precarious position within the global economy. The impact of the financial crisis has not been consistent over the world. Aside from the epicenter of the crisis, those with a greater reliance on external markets for commerce and finance were more directly affected by the worldwide contagion. In contrast, small enterprises with lesser product diversity and no choice for downsizing had a largely homogeneous influence across global economies, regardless of the economy's trade dependency

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 Keywords

Small scale Industry, Marketing.

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistently elevated blood glucose levels in otherwise healthy individuals. The primary aim of this study is to explore the simulation of photonic crystal-based biosensors for diabetes monitoring. The results indicate that the sensor can detect glucose concentrations as low as 7 mM (0.13%). Moreover, the study demonstrates that the sensor can accurately measure resonance shifts even for minor fluctuations in glucose concentration. Therefore, the photonic crystal-based sensor shows potential for diabetes monitoring. The sensitivity of the sensor is measured at 282.1304 nm/RIU with a Q factor of 70.56. The findings of this study are significant for the design and development of photonic crystals for diabetes monitoring.

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 Keywords

Nano, Photonic crystal, Diabetes, Sensor, Wavelength.

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