Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that influences a person's communication, behavior, and social interaction. Some of the common symptoms are problems with eye contact, delayed language development, restricted use of gestures, and difficulties with playing or engaging in common social interactions. ASD children could have problems with understanding social cues or sustaining a conversation. These communication challenges are usually evident during early childhood and vary in intensity, ranging from mild to extreme. While some children might say very little or nothing at all, others might say words in unique ways, for instance, by repeating words or talking in a flat tone. In addition to the problems of communication, kids with ASD tend to exhibit stereotypical behaviors and limited interests. This can range from hand- flapping, routine repetitions, having an unusual attachment to specific items, or showing intense interest in specific topics. Others also show peculiar response to senses, such as over responding to sound, lights or texture. Since these symptoms begin to appear at a very tender age making them mild to severe, early detection is desirable. Early detection treatment via speech therapy, behavioral support, and educational interventions can markedly enhance the development and well-being of a child.

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 Keywords

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Machine Learning (ML); Early and automated Diagnosis; Predictive Modeling; Behavioral Analysis; Support Vector Machine (SVM); Decision Tree; Random Forest; Deep Learning.

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Maxillofacial Prosthetics (MFP) plays a vital role in rehabilitating patients with craniofacial defects resulting from trauma, cancer surgery, or congenital anomalies. Despite its clinical significance, many dental professionals report limited exposure and training in this subspecialty. This study uses a 15-question survey to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, clinical exposure, and challenges faced by dental students and professionals in relation to MFP. Results indicate moderate theoretical knowledge but low hands-on experience, underlining the urgent need to integrate MFP more thoroughly into dental curricula and clinical training.

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 Keywords

Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Dental Education, Prosthodontics, Rehabilitation, Survey Study

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Domestic solid waste management is a critical concern that directly affects public health, environmental sustainability, and quality of life, particularly in rural India. The current study focuses on assessing the knowledge of residents in Gopibigha village, Rohtas district, Bihar, regarding domestic solid waste management practices. A descriptive quantitative design was adopted with a sample of 60 residents selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire of 20 items and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The findings indicate that while awareness regarding the importance of solid waste management was high, practical implementation of safe methods like composting and waste segregation remained limited. More than 80% of participants recognized that improper waste disposal contributes to health hazards, yet less than half reported practicing segregation or composting at home. Education, income, and occupation were found to be significant determinants of knowledge level.Households with higher educational attainment and stable incomes demonstrated better awareness and safer practices, while others continued to rely on open dumping and burning. This highlights the need for community-centered interventions that go beyond awareness to practical demonstrations and infrastructural support. Nurses, community health workers, and Panchayati Raj institutions can serve as catalysts in transforming household behaviors. By integrating education, infrastructure, and policy, it is possible to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice. The study concludes that sustainable waste management in rural Bihar requires urgent action to protect health, improve environmental outcomes, and create opportunities for resource recovery through composting and recycling initiatives.

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A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG RESIDENTS IN A SELECTED VILLAGE OF ROHTAS, BIHAR

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 Abstract

Indian communal violence has long been a subject of academic curiosity, especially as regards the causes and political dynamics. Brass, Varshney, and Wilkinson have offered influencing frameworks that correlate riots to political incentives, civic structures, and elite mobilization. Yet the judicial aftermath of riots and the filing of cases going to arrests, chargesheets, and conviction had been remained comparatively understudied. This lack of study is surprising since justice delivery remains central to avoidance, accountability, and restoration of trust in the governance and the system which rules the common man of this country. The paper seeks to fill this particular gap by analyzing the state-level data from the NCRB for the years 2016 to 2020 and covers the cases of reported communal riots, charge sheeted cases, convicted cases, and similar statistics for arrest and conviction of persons. From these variables, we created three indicators, namely Charge-sheeting Ratio (CSR), Conviction-Ratio (CR), and Arrest to Conviction Ratio (ACR) which further used to conduct systematic comparisons of the state-level efficiency in processing riots cases through the different stages of the criminal justice system. The reality after reviewing the several papers revealed glaring discrimination in justice administration. While riot cases are recorded grossly, Bihar and Utter Pradesh witness less than 5% conviction rates, none being recorded for Andhra Pradesh and Assam which looks almost like impossible as if we see the Indian newspapers. On the other-hand southern states fare comparatively well. Such trends assert that the efficiency with which law is administered and also it measures of state capacity, political will, institutional arrangements and need reforms in many aspects especially in investigation processes, judicial processes, witness protection and transparency.

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 Keywords

Communal riots, Legal efficiency, NCRB data, India, Conviction ratios.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

AMURTA KALA KA VAISHVIK VIKAS EVAM BHARTIYA YOGDAN

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AMURTA KALA KA VAISHVIK VIKAS EVAM BHARTIYA YOGDAN

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 Abstract

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Capsaicin, Phytosomes, Rotory evaporation method, Carbapol 934,HPMC K4M,Phytosomal gel

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Today nursing is considered as a discipline of higher technology coupled with a wealth of complex information. As technology is advancing at a rapid speed, nurses involved in patient care should up-to-date their knowledge. Having knowledge only is not adequate they should apply this knowledge while providing care to patients to improve the health of patients and to prevent development of complications. Quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used to assess the effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding legal and ethical issues in care of children among nurses working in pediatric units at selected hospitals Kanpur. An evaluative approach was adopted in this study and it was carried out at Rama hospital. The non-probability purposive sampling was used to select 60nurses. The tool used for the data collection was self-structured knowledge questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data from the above figure depicts that in pre-test 39(65.00%) subjects had inadequate knowledge, 18(30.00%) subjects had moderate knowledge and 03(05.00%) regarding legal and ethical issues in care of children. In post-test 48(80.00%) had adequate knowledge and 12(20.00%) had moderate knowledge. Therefore, the research hypothesis H1 was accepted, i.e. there is significant difference between mean pre-test and post-test knowledge score. Overall findings showed that there is knowledge deficit among nurses regarding legal and ethical issues in care of children and STP was effective in improving their knowledge.

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 Keywords

Knowledge, STP, Descriptive and Inferential statistics and nurses.

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This paper presents the design and development of a CNN-based smart robotic arm that mimics human hand gestures for intuitive control. [1] Unlike traditional robotic arms that rely on joysticks or pre-programmed instructions, the proposed system enables natural human-robot interaction through gesture recognition, voice commands, and vision-based object classification, with the robotic arm mounted on a wireless RC car to allow mobility in dynamic environments. The system integrates multiple modules, including gesture recognition using deep learning (CNN/LSTM) models trained on the ASL Alphabet Dataset for static gestures and the ChaLearn LAP IsoGD dataset for dynamic gestures [2]; robotic arm control through ESP32 and servo motors for grip, lift, and rotation; RC car navigation controlled via voice commands captured by a ReSpeaker 4-Mic Array [4]; and a computer vision module using a Raspberry Pi camera for colour and shape detection to assist in pick-and-place tasks [3]. This multimodal approach ensures intuitive, flexible, and robust control, addressing real-world challenges such as gesture variability, multimodal fusion, and real-time deployment. Applications of the proposed work include assistive robotics, warehouse logistics, industrial automation, and smart surveillance.

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CNN, Gesture Recognition, Robotic Arm, ESP32, Raspberry Pi, Voice Commands, Object Detection, Shape Recognition, Colour Classification, Human-Robot Interaction, Multimodal Control.

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The retail sector in India not only is the most vibrant growth driver in the country, valued at USD 1.4 trillion and estimated to be USD 2 trillion in 2032, but also supports close to 10 percent of the GDP and millions of people in both organised and unorganised sector. In the last twenty years, the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy has been gradually liberalized, which has not only led to introduction of global brands within the Indian market place but also changed the way businesses are conducted through the integration of business model, technologies, and supply chains. FDI is reshaping the boundaries of Indian retail sector, ranging through Kirana stalls to the international chains. This research paper provides an in-depth discussion of the use of FDI in realizing the growth of the retail sector of India between April 2000 and March 2025. Arguing that the dual aspects of the study can be solved with a mixed-methods design, it combines the descriptive trend analysis of DPIIT and RBI official data with the qualitative information based on the analysis of government reports, literature and industry reports. According to the findings, three characterizing patterns are present: inflows that are concentrated in a few states, the transformative nature on the infrastructure and the consumer experience, and the struggle of small retailers with rural markets. The research concludes that FDI in retail is a force of structure that needs to be managed with a certain purposed, not necessarily a benefit or a curse. It suggests the idea of inclusive Kirana digital upskilling, regional investments, enhanced e-commerce governance, and a growing idea of building the sustainable, equitable, and competitive global environment retailing till 2035.

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 Keywords

Foreign Direct Investment, Indian retail, Policy Liberalization, Organised vs. Unorganised Retail, Regional Disparities, Inclusive Growth.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) places substantial physical, emotional, and social demands on primary caregivers, often diminishing their quality of life (QoL). This, in turn, affects both caregiver well-being and child development. Assessing caregiver QoL in rehabilitation centers is crucial to guide supportive interventions and family-centered care. AIM: To assess the quality of life among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder attending a rehabilitation centre. OBJECTIVES: 1) To assess the quality of life among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. 2) To determine the association between selected demographic variables and their quality of life among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive study assessed the quality of life (QoL) among 60 primary caregivers of children (1-18 years) with ASD in a rehabilitation centre at Kanyakumari District. Data were collected via structured interview schedule using structured questionnaire for demographic variables and the ASD Parent/Caregiver QoL Questionnaire for quality of life. QoL was analyzed with descriptive statistics, and associations with demographics were tested using Chi-square. FINDINGS: Most primary caregivers of children with ASD reported moderate QoL (76.7%), with poorer QoL linked to child-related factors such as multiple disabilities, family history of ASD, and consanguineous marriage. These findings stress the need for targeted psychosocial support and genetic counseling to improve primary caregiver well-being. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that most primary caregivers of children with ASD had moderate QoL, with poorer well-being linked to child-specific factors like multiple disabilities, family history of ASD, and consanguineous marriage. Targeted psychosocial support, family-centered care, and genetic counseling are essential to improve primary caregiver QoL and child outcomes.

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 Keywords

Autism Spectrum Disorder, Primary Caregivers, Quality of Life, Rehabilitation Centre, Caregiver well-being, Child Disabilities, Family Support.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition