Volume 14 | Issue 8 | August-2026

 Abstract

Krishi aur Viksit Bharat at 2047

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Krishi aur Viksit Bharat at 2047

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Nayi Shiksha Niti (NEP 2020) - Ek Mulyankan

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Nayi Shiksha Niti (NEP 2020) - Ek Mulyankan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Tropical cyclones remain one of the most devastating natural hazards affecting India, particularly the coastal regions along the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. In the context of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS), disaster management has historically emphasized harmony with nature, community preparedness, ethical governance, and collective responsibility. This paper re-examines cyclone forecasting and early warning systems in India through the lens of IKS and contemporary governance frameworks. The study analyses the institutional role of the India Meteorological Department in cyclone detection, tracking, and forecasting, along with the contribution of the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services in storm surge and ocean-state advisories. It highlights the integration of advanced technologies such as geostationary satellites, Doppler Weather Radars, ocean buoys, and numerical weather prediction models with traditional community-based knowledge systems that have long guided coastal resilience in India. Adopting a qualitative and analytical methodology, the paper explores how indigenous principles such as dharma (duty), local stewardship, and participatory governance complement modern early warning dissemination networks coordinated by the National Disaster Management Authority. The study argues that integrating IKS with scientific forecasting enhances ethical decision-making, community trust, and sustainable disaster governance. It proposes a framework for embedding Indian knowledge traditions within contemporary cyclone risk reduction strategies to promote resilient and inclusive development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tropical Cyclones, Indian Knowledge System, Early Warning Systems, Disaster Governance, Sustainable Development.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Manipur is understood as an erstwhile independent kingdom which had been constantly waging war against different groups- intra-group, inter-group and outsiders. Thang-Ta played major role in defending the nation, its external and internal enemies. Nevertheless, with the passage of time and globalization, lifestyles, economy and polity changes fast. Modern gyms are frequently associated with urban lifestyle, social status, global fitness trends, influencer culture, consumer identity, associated with commercial infrastructure, machines, supplements, branded clothing, memberships and urban consumerism. Traditional martial arts like Thang-Ta evolved for survival, warfare, endurance, mobility, coordination and practical combat efficiency. Direct studies comparing Thang-Ta with "gym culture" or contemporary fitness practices are not yet available. The current study will focus on the significance of both 'thang-Ta' and Gym Culture, not to undermine any one of them.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Thang-ta, Gym Culture, tradition, martial arts, physical fitness

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper examines the history of the Lambadis in Ceded Bellary through oral narratives, settlement memory, and ecological experience. It argues that Lambadi history cannot be reconstructed only through formal archival records because much of the community’s past survives in stories, songs, memories, migration narratives, ethnographic writings, and local knowledge. Using an ethno-historical and ethno- ecological approach, the paper explores how Lambadi elders remember migration, tanda formation, livelihood change, and the relationship between community life and environment over time. It shows that the Lambadi past in Bellary was shaped by mobility, pack-bullock trade, cattle, forest and grazing landscapes, and later by sedentarization, agriculture, and colonial restructuring. The paper argues that oral narratives are not merely supplementary sources but important archives of social memory that preserve how the Lambadis understood land, labour, ecology, and collective identity. By reading oral materials alongside district history, ethnographic accounts, and modern scholarship, the paper reconstructs the changing social life of the Lambadis and highlights how migration, ecology, and livelihood were deeply intertwined in their historical experience.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Lambadi, Banjara, ethno-history, ethno-ecology, oral narratives, Ceded Bellary, migration, settlement

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Human skin is a complex ecological interface that supports diverse microbial communities while simultaneously restricting invasion by pathogens. Bacterial colonization is shaped by anatomical site, sebum, moisture, pH, temperature, oxygen availability, host immunity, age, genetics, environmental exposure, hygiene and antimicrobial use. Classical culture-based studies identified common skin residents such as Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Cutibacterium, whereas 16S rRNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomics have revealed substantially greater taxonomic and functional diversity and highlighted strong site- and person-specific patterns. Colonization is not simply the presence of bacteria on the surface; organisms interact with keratinocytes, sebaceous glands, immune cells and other microbes, forming a dynamic system of competition, cooperation and metabolic exchange. Commensals can provide colonization resistance through nutrient competition, bacteriocins and other antimicrobial molecules, while some strains can become pathobionts when barrier function or microbial community structure is disturbed. Dysbiosis has been associated with acne, atopic dermatitis, wound infection and other inflammatory or infectious skin disorders. Importantly, strain-level variation may be more informative than species-level abundance for understanding disease, as demonstrated for Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Emerging strategies include narrow-spectrum antimicrobials, bacteriophages, live biotherapeutic products, prebiotics, postbiotics, microbial transplantation and personalized microbiome profiling. This review summarizes current knowledge of bacterial colonization, emphasizes mechanisms and ecological context, discusses methodological limitations, and identifies research priorities required to translate skin microbiome science into safe and effective clinical interventions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Skin microbiome; bacterial colonization; Cutibacterium acnes; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus aureus; dysbiosis; metagenomics; microbiome therapeutics

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Dental hygiene is an important component of child health, and inadequate oral hygiene may contribute to dental caries and other oral health problems. School-based assessment of knowledge and practice can help identify areas for health education. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and practice regarding dental hygiene among school-going children, determine the correlation between knowledge and practice, and examine their association with selected socio-demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive design was used among 60 children studying in the 6th and 7th standards at Government Sardar Gopal Singh Middle School, Kishanganj, Bihar. Non-probability convenience sampling was used. Data were collected using a socio-demographic proforma, a 12-item self-structured knowledge questionnaire, and a 10-item practice checklist. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used; correlation between knowledge and practice was assessed using a correlation coefficient. Results: Among the 60 children, 48.3% had moderately adequate knowledge, 40.0% had adequate knowledge, and 11.7% had inadequate knowledge. Adequate dental hygiene practice was reported by 85.0%, while 15.0% had inadequate practice. Knowledge was not significantly correlated with practice (r = -0.102, p = 0.436). No significant association was found between knowledge level and age, gender, dietary pattern, residence, parental education, family income, or previous knowledge. Likewise, practice was not significantly associated with the selected demographic variables. Conclusion: Most children demonstrated adequate practice but only moderate knowledge. The absence of a significant relationship between knowledge and practice indicates the need for continuing, age-appropriate and school-based oral health education rather than relying on knowledge alone.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: dental hygiene; school-going children; knowledge; practice; oral health; school health.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This abstract presents an assessment of the current state of public sector accounting in India, analyzing the ongoing transition from a traditional cash-based system to modern accrual-based standards. The move towards adopting frameworks like the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) is a critical reform aimed at enhancing financial transparency, accountability, and governance. The paper evaluates the key drivers for this reform, including the need for more accurate and comprehensive financial reporting to improve public trust and enable better decision-making. Despite the clear benefits, the assessment identifies significant challenges to successful implementation. These obstacles include a general resistance to change, a scarcity of skilled accounting professionals with expertise in accrual-based systems, and the need for substantial investment in upgraded IT infrastructure. Additionally, the complex legal and regulatory environment presents a unique hurdle. The findings suggest that while initial progress has been made, a comprehensive and phased approach is required. To fully realize the benefits of modernized accounting, it is essential to focus on strategic capacity building, political commitment, and technological integration.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Accounting,India, Public Sector Enterprises

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

: In this paper, photo degradation of benzimidazole using benzophenone (methyl orange) as a fumigant, 2(-4) thiazolyl and luminescent in an acidic and neutral media is carried out. Photochemical reactions rely on the source of the reaction. For instance, 2-(-4 thiazole) benzimidazole (2 grams of powder) was dissolved in 200 milliliters of dried and distilled ethyl alcohol and 0.01 grams of fumigant under sunlight, ultraviolet light, and visible light. For around 40 to 50 hours, the solution combination was luminescent when exposed to 125-w and 250-w mercury vapor lamps. Every ten hours, the chromatography of the thin layer approach allowed for the regular observation of the reaction mixture's progress. Two fresh spots showed up on TLC plates after 41 and 55 hours. The final products have a variety of biological qualities, such as being used as a primary treatment for fungal diseases and stomach warm mold. They are also frequently used in anti-parasitic medications to treat roundworms, hookworms, and parasitic worms called Helminthes. Blood vessels are formed from an existing structure (angiogenesis) in vertebrates by genes that are important for the preservation of cell walls in yeast. These genes also function to prevent the creation of blood vessels in human cells and frog embryos. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to be a vascular-disrupting agent that lowers blood flow and promotes tumor development. This paper also presents the electronic image of 2(-4 Thiazoly) Benzimidazole which refers to a visual representation that shows how electrons are distributed within the molecule.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Photo degradation-luminescence, Benzimidazole, Thiazolyl, Photochemical reactions, Photodynamic Therapy (PTD).

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by damage to the protective lining of the stomach or upper intestine and is associated with factors such as gastric acid, Helicobacter pylori infection, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other contributing conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in gastrointestinal protection by supporting mucosal blood flow and tissue repair. Conventional oral dosage forms may have limitations including difficulty in swallowing, dependence on water, delayed relief, and reduced patient convenience. The present work focuses on NitroCure, a nitric oxide-generating mouth dissolving tablet (MDT) developed as a patient-friendly approach for peptic ulcer management. The formulation was designed to provide rapid tablet dispersion while maintaining satisfactory mechanical strength, palatability, and pharmaceutical quality. Croscarmellose sodium was incorporated to promote rapid disintegration, mannitol to improve taste and mouthfeel, PVP K-30 as a binder, and magnesium stearate and talc as processing aids, while citric acid supported rapid dispersion and palatability. The prepared tablets were evaluated for relevant pharmaceutical parameters, including flow properties, weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, and disintegration. The formulation demonstrated satisfactory flow properties, uniformity, adequate mechanical strength, and rapid dispersion. The reported friability was 0.76%, indicating good resistance to mechanical stress, while the wetting time was 36.5 seconds, demonstrating rapid water absorption and supporting quick tablet dispersion. Overall, NitroCure MDT showed desirable pharmaceutical characteristics and met the intended quality requirements. The developed formulation represents a promising patient-friendly platform for further investigation of nitric oxide-based approaches in peptic ulcer management. Further optimization, stability studies, and appropriate in-vitro and in-vivo investigations are required to establish its therapeutic potential.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Peptic ulcer disease, Mouth dissolving tablets, Nitric oxide, Oral drug delivery system, Superdisintegrants, Gastric mucosal healing.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition