Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

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Transfusion-dependent ?-thalassemia major, endocrine outcomes, medication adherence, oral iron chelation therapy, pediatric nursing.

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Multilayer Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) hard coatings comprising chromium nitride (CrN), aluminium titanium nitride (AlTiN) and titanium diboride (TiB2) were deposited on WC-Co solid carbide end mills by DC magnetron sputtering. The structural, morphological and surface characteristics of the deposited coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis revealed a predominantly nanocrystalline/amorphous structure with broad diffraction peaks corresponding to CrN (FCC), AlTiN, TiB2 and WC-Co substrate phases. The Scherrer equation was applied to estimate crystallite sizes of 4.8 nm, 4.1 nm, 3.5 nm and 4.2 nm for CrN (111), AlTiN (111), TiB2 (001) and CrN (220) reflections, respectively. AFM surface analysis over a 10 x 10 micron scan area yielded arithmetic average roughness Ra = 4.21 nm, root-mean-square roughness Rq = 5.34 nm and maximum roughness height Rmax = 25.6 nm, confirming an exceptionally smooth coating surface. SEM micrographs exhibited a compact, uniform granular morphology with closely packed growth nodules and minimal macroparticle defects, characteristic of high-quality magnetron-sputtered coatings. Machining trials on Ti-6Al-4V alloy demonstrated that the coated tool achieved a tool life of 69.82 minutes compared to 33.07 minutes for the uncoated tool, representing a 111.1% improvement. The correlation between the refined nanocrystalline microstructure, smooth surface topography and enhanced machining performance is systematically discussed. Results confirm that the CrN/AlTiN/TiB2 trilayer architecture offers synergistic structural and tribological benefits for high-performance machining of titanium alloys.

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CrN; AlTiN; TiB2; multilayer PVD coating; XRD; AFM; SEM; surface roughness; tool life; Ti-6Al-4V; DC magnetron sputtering; Scherer equation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Ti-6Al-4V machining; CrN/AlTiN/TiB? coating; tool life; flank wear; built-up edge; PVD; dry milling; surface roughness; WC-Co; adaptive tribo-film

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Kanchipuram, often referred to as the City of Thousand Temples, is a city in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, renowned for its rich cultural heritage and religious significance. The city is a significant pilgrimage site for followers of several religions, showcasing India's pluralistic religious fabric. Hinduism is the predominant religion in Kanchipuram, with the city being home to numerous temples that are architectural marvels and of great religious importance. Some of the most famous temples include the Kailasanathar Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, and the Varadharaja Perumal Temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu. These temples not only draw devotees from across India but are also significant historical sites, reflecting the Dravidian architectural style. During the Pallava dynasty, which flourished from the fourth to the ninth centuries CE in what is now Tamil Nadu, several religions were practiced and patronized. The Pallavas played a significant role in the development of South Indian religion, Art, and Architecture. In this paper, an attempt to reveal the significant Pilgrimage sites in Kanchipuram.

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Pilgrimage, Temples, Architecture, Kanchipuram.

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder requiring long-term management with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that balance efficacy and tolerability. Lacosamide, a third-generation AED, has emerged as a valuable option in contemporary epilepsy therapy due to its unique mechanism of action and favorable safety profile. This review comprehensively explores lacosamide's mechanism of action, clinical applications, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic optimization strategies. Lacosamide selectively enhances slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels and modulates collapsing response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2), stabilizing hyperexcitable neuronal membranes without affecting normal neuronal activity. Clinical studies demonstrate its effectiveness in focal-onset seizures, both as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy, with expanding evidence supporting use in generalized and refractory epilepsies. The drug exhibits linear pharmacokinetics, minimal drug-drug interactions, and predictable dose-response relationships, making it suitable for diverse patient populations. Common adverse effects include dizziness, headache, and nausea, generally mild and transient. Optimal use requires individualized dosing, careful titration, and consideration of comorbidities. Overall, lacosamide represents a significant advancement in epilepsy management, combining efficacy, safety, and pharmacological precision. Ongoing research into its broader clinical applications and long-term safety will continue to refine its therapeutic role in personalized epilepsy care.

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Lacosamide; Epilepsy; Voltage-gated sodium channels; CRMP-2; Antiepileptic drugs;

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Just as the eyes hold the highest position among all the human senses, symbols play an extremely significant role in art. Visual perception is a major basis of knowledge and understanding. Through symbols, the profound meanings and emotions embedded within a work of art are expressed. In Indian art, the development of symbolism can be traced from prehistoric rock paintings, primitive graphic signs, and ancient coins and seals. The Indian tradition of symbolism is not confined to any single or fixed principle; rather, it has continuously evolved in accordance with changing time, society, and culture. Animals and birds occupy a unique position in Indian culture, art, and religious traditions. They represent various aspects of human life, such as spirituality, the relationship between human beings and nature, and cultural values and symbols. This research paper examines their significance and symbolic importance. In Indian religious scriptures, animals and birds have been represented as the vehicles (vahana) of deities, as symbols, and as companions. In Indian art and literature, animals and birds have also been depicted with their historical and cultural significance. Thus, owing to their profound religious and symbolic importance, their influence has remained timeless and enduring throughout the ages.

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Spirituality, Timelessness, Signs, Symbols, Symbolism.

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Maternal infections during pregnancy remain a major public health concern due to their potential impact on fetal growth and development. TORCH infections--Toxoplasmosis, Other infections (including syphilis, varicella-zoster virus, and parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes simplex virus (HSV)--are vertically transmitted infections associated with congenital anomalies, preterm birth, stillbirth, and long-term developmental disabilities. These infections are frequently asymptomatic in pregnant women, leading to delayed diagnosis and missed opportunities for prevention. Preventive measures such as immunization, hygiene practices, safe food handling, and antenatal education are crucial in reducing transmission. Objectives: To assess the knowledge regarding prevention of TORCH infections during pregnancy among antenatal mothers and to determine its association with selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 60 antenatal mothers attending a selected hospital in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Participants were selected using a non-probability sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire validated by experts. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The study findings showed that 50% of antenatal mothers had poor knowledge, 48.89% had average knowledge, and only 1.7% demonstrated good knowledge regarding prevention of TORCH infections. Conclusion: The study reveals inadequate knowledge among antenatal mothers regarding prevention of TORCH infections. Strengthening health education and counseling during routine antenatal visits is essential to improve maternal awareness and promote better maternal and fetal outcomes.

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TORCH infections, Antenatal mothers, Knowledge, Pregnancy, Prevention

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 Abstract

Shravan Badhita ke Kshetra mein Kritrim Buddhimatta Dwara Shiksha, Punarvas evam Samaveshan ki Ubharati Sambhavnayein

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Shravan Badhita ke Kshetra mein Kritrim Buddhimatta Dwara Shiksha, Punarvas evam Samaveshan ki Ubharati Sambhavnayein

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Taxila: A Comprehensive Historical Study of Ancient Indian Knowledge Tradition, Education, Culture, Urban Planning, and Archaeological Heritage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Taxila: A Comprehensive Historical Study of Ancient Indian Knowledge Tradition, Education, Culture, Urban Planning, and Archaeological Heritage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Patanjali Yog Darshan mein Yam evam Niyam ki Avadharana evam Unki Prasangikta

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Patanjali Yog Darshan mein Yam evam Niyam ki Avadharana evam Unki Prasangikta

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition