Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The contemporary drug supply system has undergone significant transformation due to advances in pharmaceutical manufacturing, digital technologies, globalization, and regulatory frameworks. These innovations have improved the efficiency, safety, and accessibility of medicines through automated inventory management, e-pharmacies, cold chain logistics, barcode tracking, and real-time supply monitoring. However, the system continues to face several challenges, including supply chain disruptions, shortages of essential medicines, counterfeit drugs, rising costs, regulatory complexities, and unequal access to healthcare, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Global events such as pandemics, geopolitical conflicts, and natural disasters have further exposed vulnerabilities in pharmaceutical supply chains. Addressing these challenges requires stronger regulatory oversight, international collaboration, adoption of advanced technologies, resilient supply chain strategies, and equitable distribution policies. This article reviews the major novelties and difficulties in the contemporary drug supply system and highlights strategies for improving its efficiency, resilience, and sustainability. Novel drug delivery technologies have gained the importance to achieve modified delivery of herbal drugs their by increasing the therapeutic value as well as reducing toxicity. The main goal for developing such delivery systems is to minimize drug degradation and loss, to prevent harmful side effects and to increase bioavailability. Targeting is the ability to direct the drug loaded system to the site of interest. Among drug carrier one can name soluble polymers, microparticles made of insoluble (or) biodegradable natural and synthetic polymers, microcapsules, cells, cell ghosts, lipoproteins, liposomes and micelles.

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Technology and digital innovations, Supply chain management and logistics, Security, Compliance, Quality, Contemporary strategies, Global trends.

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Agricultural productivity in Karnataka is a multidimensional concept, which includes technological advancement, effective management of available resources and organizational set-up for the agricultural production. These factors in turn affect the relative production in any region. It is based on land productivity and improved lands using agro based Raw materials.

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Agricultural Cultivation, prodctivity,land, area, production and yield in different crops. Productivity. etc

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Cultural themes in the contemporary writings of Githa Hariharan and Manju Kapur are significant. Both are postcolonial writers and are very much aware of women's rights. They are well-read and educated. They raise questions through their novels. Their novels are women-centric and certainly question male dominance, as well as the pressure put on women not to go beyond patriarchal traditions. Every novel asks questions about gender, women, identity, society, and inheritance.

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Resistance, Patriarchy, Feminism, Identity, Mother-daughter Relationship, mythology.

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The use of information and telecommunication technologies has expanded at a rapid rate, which has a strong influence on healthcare delivery in many countries. Rural residents and communities, however, often lack easy access to healthcare services due to geographical and demographical factors. Telepharmacy, a more recent concept that refers to pharmaceutical service provision, enables healthcare services, such as medication review, patients counseling, and prescription verification, by a qualified pharmacist for the patients located at a distance from a remotely located hospital, pharmacy, or healthcare center. Trends in telemedicine show that telepharmaceutical care is likely to continue to expand as it allows for a better allocation of resources and access to more patients. Telepharmacy has many recognizable benefits such as the easy access to healthcare services in remote and rural locations, economic benefits, patient satisfaction as a result of medication access and information in rural areas, effective patient counseling, and minimal scarcity of local pharmacist and pharmacy services.

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 Keywords

Telepharmacy, Telecommunication, Telepharmaceutical, Medication access, Telehealth.

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The Indian approach to resolving marital conflicts has undergone a fundamental transformation, shifting away from contentious, winner-take-all litigation toward a restorative, settlement-oriented framework tailored to the nuanced emotional and interpersonal dynamics of domestic life. Historically, domestic disputes were processed through conventional civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) 1908--a system widely criticized for its excessive procedural formality, high costs, and systemic delays that frequently heightened spousal hostility. Recognizing the limitations of formal litigation, the legislature introduced the Family Courts Act 1984, which embedded mandatory pre-trial conciliation into the judicial system via provisions such as Section 9, converting judicial officers into active facilitators of peace. Legislative protections were subsequently expanded under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA) 2005, which created civil safeguards while establishing protocols to address gendered power imbalances in spousal negotiations. In tandem with legislative developments, Islamic jurisprudence offers a distinct tradition of non-adversarial resolution rooted in the preservation of relational stability (Maslahah). This legal framework relies on three core mechanisms: Sulh (voluntary conciliation), Tahkim (family-based arbitration), and Med-Arb (a sequential hybrid model). Sulh emphasizes amicable, informal compromise facilitated by neutral third parties, institutionalized in contemporary practice through bodies like Majlis Sulh. Tahkim engages designated family representatives (Hakam) to issue binding resolutions while maintaining a settlement-oriented posture. Med-Arb combines these approaches, commencing as collaborative mediation and shifting to binding arbitration if negotiations stall, thereby streamlining the process and avoiding redundant proceedings. In the contemporary legal landscape, statutory reforms and customary dispute mechanisms have increasingly converged. Grounded in the legislative shifts brought by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, the formal recognition established under the Mediation Act 2023, and public campaigns like "Mediation for Nation 2.0," alternative dispute resolution has moved to the forefront of family law administration. Agreements reached through processes like Sulh now carry enforceable statutory weight under current mediation legislation, provided they align with core public policy and legal norms. Additionally, the integration of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) systems into hybrid mechanisms like Med-Arb offers an efficient, accessible avenue to address heavy court caseloads, demonstrating that combining historical restorative principles with modern legal infrastructure fosters sustainable, humane outcomes in matrimonial law.

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Matrimonial Disputes, Family Courts Act 1984, Restorative Justice, Islamic ADR, Sulh, Tahkim, Med-Arb, Mediation Act 2023, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Online Dispute Resolution (ODR).

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Mathematical proof is a fundamental component of mathematics education because it develops logical reasoning, justification, argumentation and conceptual understanding. However, learning and teaching mathematical proofs can be challenging because students are required to move beyond procedural problem solving and construct logically connected arguments based on definitions, theorems and previously established results. The emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), particularly Large Language Model (LLM)-based systems, has created new possibilities for supporting mathematical learning through dialogue, explanation, feedback, problem solving and reasoning. This paper examines the potential use of Generative AI for teaching mathematical proofs through a review and synthesis of recent literature on artificial intelligence in mathematics education and the use of generative AI in mathematical reasoning and proving. The study discusses the ways in which GenAI can support proof learning by providing step-by-step explanations, suggesting alternative proof strategies, identifying errors, generating counterexamples, encouraging reflection and functioning as a conversational thought partner. At the same time, the literature indicates important limitations, including mathematically incorrect responses, hallucinations, over-reliance on AI-generated solutions, reduced student engagement in proof construction, lack of transparency and concerns related to academic integrity. The paper argues that Generative AI should be used as a pedagogical support tool rather than as a replacement for students' mathematical reasoning or teachers' instructional roles. Effective integration requires carefully designed prompts, verification of AI-generated proofs, teacher guidance and development of students' critical AI literacy. The study concludes that Generative AI has considerable potential to enrich the teaching of mathematical proofs when its use is grounded in sound mathematical pedagogy and focused on student reasoning, reflection and independent proof construction.

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Generative Artificial Intelligence, Mathematical Proof, Mathematics Education, Large Language Models, ChatGPT, Mathematical Reasoning, Proof Construction, AI-Supported Learning.

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Technical competence is a central component of engineering education; however, effective English communication has become increasingly important for graduates seeking employment in today's global and professionally interconnected workplace. This study investigates the relationship between workplace English communication practices and graduate career readiness, with particular attention to the frequency of language use, the relative importance of communication macro-skills, and the functions performed through English in professional settings. A mixed-method research design was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative evidence collected through reflective workplace diaries maintained by 97 practicing mechanical engineers for 30 consecutive days. The diary data were complemented by semi-structured interviews conducted for triangulation and supported by a review of relevant secondary literature. The findings indicate that English is used extensively in professional engineering environments, with participants reporting its use on approximately 21-25 days during the observation period. Among the major communication skills, writing was identified as the most frequently used and professionally significant skill. The analysis further demonstrates that workplace English is predominantly employed for transactional and informational purposes, while interactional communication receives comparatively less emphasis. These findings highlight a notable mismatch between the communication demands of engineering workplaces and the language preparation provided through conventional engineering curricula. The limited emphasis on practical English communication, particularly written documentation, technical reporting, and task-oriented communication, may consequently restrict graduates' workplace preparedness and employability. The study recommends greater integration of authentic workplace communication practices into engineering education to strengthen students' English communication competence and enhance their overall career readiness.

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English Communication Skills, Career Readiness; Graduate Employability; Engineering Students; Workplace English; Engineering Education; Professional Communication; Technical Writing; Workplace Communication; Communication.

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Stress is a natural part of competitive sports and greatly affects athletes' performance and mental health. This study investigates the perceived stress levels among athletes of different levels of games from district Poonch, focusing on regional differences and levels of stress. This study included 30 players of different levels of games from the district of Poonch. Data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) developed by Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein (1983) to measure the stress levels of athletes. The findings show that national players almost never have high stress, state players sometimes or often have stress, and district players often have high stress. The study shows that sports clubs in districts like Poonch affect players' stress. Additional support systems are required. Training for mental strength, better facilities, and mental help lowers stress and improves performance.

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Perceived Stress, athletes of different levels of games, Comparing players mindset and stress.

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Forests in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, are crucial for ecological stability and the livelihoods of indigenous and forest-fringe communities. However, conservation efforts often conflict with community needs, creating complex socio-economic and institutional challenges. This study investigates the major problems faced by local communities, including Scheduled Tribes such as Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas, and Irulas, in forest conservation initiatives. Using both primary data from field surveys and secondary data from forest department records, the research identifies human-wildlife conflict, restrictions on Non-Timber Forest Produce collection, inadequate alternative livelihoods, weak implementation of the Forest Rights Act 2006, and limited participation in Joint Forest Management as key constraints. External pressures such as tourism expansion, invasive species, and climate variability further intensify these challenges. The study reveals that while communities value forest conservation, exclusionary policies and lack of benefit-sharing mechanisms foster negative perceptions and reduce cooperation. Findings emphasize that traditional ecological knowledge remains underutilized despite its potential for sustainable management. The research concludes that inclusive, community-centric approaches are essential for long-term conservation success. Recommendations include strengthening FRA implementation, ensuring timely HWC compensation, promoting forest-based sustainable livelihoods, and integrating indigenous knowledge into management plans. The study contributes to bridging the gap between conservation goals and community well-being, offering policy insights for participatory forest governance in the Western Ghats and similar landscapes.

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Forest Conservation, Local Communities, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Forest Rights Act, Joint Forest Management, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Participatory Conservation, Livelihood Security.

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