Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Enhancing images captured in low-light conditions is crucial for improving visibility and overall quality, which directly benefits a wide range of computer vision tasks. However, traditional methods and many learning-based models often struggle in real-world environments due to issues like overfitting, poor generalization, or high computational demands. In this study, we investigate a novel low-light image enhancement framework called Self-Calibrated Illumination (SCI), designed to be efficient, adaptable, and effective in practical scenarios. SCI employs a cascaded illumination estimation strategy combined with a unique self-calibrated module, enabling the model to deliver high quality enhancement with low computational overhead. Unlike typical deep learning models that require multiple processing blocks during inference, SCI achieves comparable or better results using a single lightweight block, thanks to its convergence focused training approach. Through comprehensive experiments on benchmark datasets, we validate SCI's advantage in both image quality and performance efficiency. This report provides an in-depth exploration of SCI's methodology, implementation details, and evaluation, positioning it as a strong candidate for real-world low-light image enhancement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Low-Light Image Enhancement, Self-Calibrated Illumination (SCI), Real-Time Image Processing, ONNX Runtime Deployment, Unsupervised Deep Learning, Edge Device Optimization, Illumination Map Estimation, Cascaded Weight Sharing Architecture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Transgenders has been a part of the Indian subcontinent since the time immemorial. The transgender community is one of the most marginalised and vulnerable section in the society and for decades, the community has struggled for acceptance, equality and social identity. As per 2011 census, the total population of transgenders in India is around 4.88 lakh, and in Odisha the population is approximately 20,300 but the majority of them are invisible in mainstream society. Odisha is the first region in India to givesocial welfare benefitsto transgender people such aspension, housing and food grains. These benefitsare aimed at improving their overall socio-economic status with an objective to empower the community and strengthen their livelihood. In 2017, the Government ofOdisha formulated an umbrella scheme 'Sweekruti' to secure the rights of transgender community and ensure equitable justice. The scheme aims to provide legal aid, counselling and guidance services for transgender persons. In 2014, their hard fought battlesled toa milestonevictory whenIndia's apexCourt finallyrecognized transgender personas a "third gender".But unfortunately, the transgender community were remain an ignored and neglected segment of our society and faced pervasive discrimination, despite various protectiveprovisions underlying in thegovernment policy . Transgender individuals often face discrimination, marginalization, and exclusion in almost all aspects of socio-economic life, including employment, housing, education, and healthcare. This exclusion has a significant impact on their quality of life and on their inclusion process. Their constant social ignorance or disregard at the hands of general people create constant hindrance in their social inclusion process. Withthis backdrop, the present paper explores the innovative measures taken up by the state government through social entrepreneurship schemes for empowering and creating a new identity for the transgender community.Further objective is to examine and asses the implementation andimpact ofvarious government policies and bring out a constructive plan and solution to their problems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transgender Community,Inclusiveecosystem, Social identity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper provides a comparative analysis of women's rights and duties as delineated in the sacred texts of Islam (the Qur'an and Sunnah) and Christianity (the Bible). Utilizing a scriptural-textual method supported by academic literature, it juxtaposes the tenets of both faiths across spiritual, economic, and socio-legal domains. The analysis finds that Islam established a comprehensive and historically progressive framework of rights for women in its 7th-century context, founded on an unambiguous doctrine of spiritual equality. This contrasts with the more ambiguous theological paradigms in Christian scripture, which contain tensions between egalitarian principles and patriarchal injunctions. The paper concludes that many contemporary challenges to women's rights stem from patriarchal cultural interpretations rather than the core texts, positioning an authentic reading of Islamic scripture as a source of liberation and justice for women.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women's Rights, Islam, Christianity, Patriarchy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Marriage is like a lot of things that we hold pretty sacred - it is not just legal; it is a special friendship, compassion, loyalty, tenderness, love, and mutual respect. But beneath that very structure there's a shadow of a reality, dark and largely unacknowledged -- marital rape. Marital rape -- non-consensual sexual intercourse between a husband and his wife -- is a gross violation of bodily autonomy and human dignity. It is, however, not a crime in India, owing to the farcical Exception 2 to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, which, in effect, offers immunity to husbands on the count of rape committed within marriage. This study paper provides a critical consideration of conjugal rape as a major social nuisance, which damages the ideals of marriage instead of securing them. It examines the historical and cultural justifications behind the non-criminalisation of marital rape in India and the patriarchal presumption of implied consent` in marriage, as well as the systemic silencing of survivors. Quoting the international legal frameworks and the obligations under various international human rights conventions, especially CEDAW and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the research paper argues for the urgent need of amending the law in India to radically compeer with the principles of equality, dignity and consent. The study above also emphasizes the devastating psychological, physical, and social consequences confronted by marital rape survivors -- countering arguments of how it might be misused and shatter the sanctity of marriage. The paper, through legal analysis, case studies and recommendations, ultimately finds that criminalising marital rape is not an attack on marriage, but rather a target of its needing to reshape into a true partnership based on respect and equity. The legal recognition of marital rape was overdue and a necessary step toward justice and re-establishing the sanctity of the marital bond.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Marital rape , Criminalisation, Sexual violence , Consent in marriage, Gender-based violence, Legal reform , Human rights, Intimate partner violence, Feminist legal theory, Marital immunity, Rape laws, Patriarchy and law, Victim rights, Comparative legal analysis, Domestic violence legislation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The success of Dubai in morphing into a centre of tourism and business in the international community around the world is one of the most prominent examples of strategic economic diversification. The paper discusses the way that visionary planning, alongside the audacious infrastructure development, would make this transformation possible. With iconic developments like the Burj Khalifa, the Palm Jumeirah, and the artificial rain (cloud seeding) project as the case studies, the research attempts to understand how advanced engineering with the support of adaptive project management and innovative technologies has been utilized to fulfil numerous objectives, namely, economic growth, international branding, and sustainable urban development. The discussion relies on technical reports, peer literature and industry case studies to present a tendency of a strict, yet flexible organisation which enabled the vast prominent projects to surpass technological, environmental and financial shortfalls. By marketing infrastructure as a utility and a brand-building tool, Dubai has been able to turn tourism into a leading sector and currently, this industry contributes a significant percentage to its GDP, with oil income developments having played a little role. The paper concludes that the combination of visionary leadership, technological ambition, and the ability to adapt in the execution strategy that has been employed in Dubai develops an imitable example of resilience and growth that other resource-dependent economies should pursue in the post-oil world.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Burj Khalifa, Palm Jumeirah, Artificial Rain, Analemma Tower, EVM, Waterfall Approach, Project Management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Gender equality is a fundamental requirement for a fair and balanced legal system. In India, legal reforms over the decades have primarily focused on protecting women from historical injustices and gender-based violence. However, in the process, several provisions have developed a tilt that tends to overlook the realities faced by men and other gender identities. This paper critically assesses the female-centric character of Indian laws in the context of the new Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) and Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023. It further expands the scope to include civil laws, such as those dealing with maintenance and alimony, to highlight the continued gender imbalance and calls for a shift towards practical gender neutrality in lawmaking and judicial interpretation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gender Equality, Gender Neutrality, Indian Legal Reforms, BNS 2023, BNSS 2023, Civil Law, Gender Bias

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Peroxidases, a versatile class of heme-containing enzymes, play critical roles in oxidative catalysis, plant defense mechanisms, and diverse industrial applications. Their isolation and purification have evolved significantly, integrating both classical and modern biochemical approaches. This review synthesizes the detailed methodologies discussed in Peter Goddard's work, highlighting the transition from conventional precipitation and dialysis techniques to advanced chromatographic and affinity-based strategies. Emphasis is placed on the choice of purification workflow, which is largely dictated by the physicochemical properties of the source material and the intended downstream application. Beyond the technical protocols, the review explores the challenges of maintaining enzyme activity during purification, scaling up for industrial use, and ensuring reproducibility across.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Peroxidase, enzyme purification, isolation techniques, ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, chromatography, Temperature, enzyme activity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract This paper examines Mahasweta Devi's Rudali and Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day through the intersecting lenses of Feminist, Marxist, and Postcolonial criticism. The analysis explores how gendered labour--whether commodified in rural caste-based economies or rendered invisible in urban middle-class households--serves as the nexus where patriarchy, capitalism, and colonial legacy converge. While Rudali depicts the commodification of grief as a survival strategy within feudal-capitalist rural Bengal, Clear Light of Day portrays unpaid domestic caregiving in a Partition-scarred Delhi household. By reading these texts comparatively, the study reveals the persistent entanglement of gendered oppression with class structures and historical legacies of colonialism, challenging linear narratives of liberation in postcolonial India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key Words: Feminist, Postcolonial, Marxist, capitalism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rajayoga Meditation, Tobacco Addiction, Digital Addiction, Students, Mount Abu, Brahma Kumaris, Behavioral Intervention

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Global health has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which was brought on by the new corona virus SARS-CoV-2. The virus's impact on the heart is one area of worry, particularly for those who already have cardiac conditions. According to studies, COVID-19 people who have cardiac issues are more likely to become really unwell, require intensive care unit treatment, and die. In December 2019, the first reports of COVID-19 were made in Wuhan, China. It most likely transferred from bats to people via an unidentified animal host. The virus spreads mainly through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or even talking. The time between exposure and showing symptoms (called the incubation period) ranges from 2 to 14days. Common symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. Most people experience mild symptoms or may not show any symptoms at all. However, elderly individuals or those with underlying conditions may develop serious complications such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or even organ failure. The death rate from COVID-19 is predictable to be between 2-3%, which is lower than previous corona virus outbreaks like SARS or MERS. However, COVID-19 spreads more quickly, making it harder to control. Diagnosis is mainly done using a test called RT-PCR, which detects the virus's genetic material from nasal or throat swabs. This test is considered the standard method but can sometimes give incorrect results if sample is taken too early, too late, or if it is not collected properly.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, RT-PCR, Pneumonia, serologic test, antigen test.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition