Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Inspired by the collective behavior of natural systems, Swarm Intelligence (SI) has become a game-changing method for optimizing Internet of Things (IoT) networks. SI-based algorithms, like Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and the Firefly Algorithm (FA), are characterized by self-organization, decentralization, and adaptability. They provide scalable and effective solutions to challenging issues in Internet of Things environments. These consist of task scheduling and routing optimization., energy management, fault tolerance, and security. The absence of a central controller in SI systems enhances their robustness and scalability in large distributed networks. Moreover, the integration of block chain-based security mechanisms ensures tamper-proof and trustworthy frameworks for IoT systems. As IoT evolves, combining SI with cutting-edge technologies like 6G, edge computing, and autonomous systems promises to revolutionize applications in smart cities, Industry 4.0, healthcare, and intelligent transportation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ant Colony Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization, Firefly Algorithm

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The ideology on Language Planning varies from country to country, with distinct terms like Individualized Language Acquisition Plan (ILAP), Individual Learning Plan (ILP), Integrated Learning Programme (ILP), Individual Learning Plan for English Learners (ILPEL), Individual Language Development Plan (ILDP), Individual Academic Plan (ILAP), Language Policy and Planning (LPP) and Language Planning (LP). In general, it is called as Individualized Language Programme, each schedule is known as Individualized Language Plan. The first step in ILP preparation is understanding the strength and weakness of an individual student through assessment. Based on the child's language level further planning is processed. This article details on history of ILP, ILP components, steps, and need and importance of preparing ILP for Children with Cochlear Implant in mainstream schools.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Individualised Language Plan, Children with Cochlear Implant,Inclusive Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) are an essential aspect of contemporary elections with efficient and transparent voting, yet security issues, challenges in verifying, and issues with reliability are inherent in traditional EVMs. Recent developments in image processing and IoT technologies provide solutions to improve accuracy, security, and verification of votes. The present paper discusses a review of recent research in implementing image processing-based vote verification and cloud-based data storage in EVMs. The proposed two-system approach involves (1) physical counting of votes through button presses, stored in cloud storage, and (2) image processing-based verifying votes, where a Raspberry Pi 5 analyzes real-time images of LED indicators on the EVM board. The paper discusses the validity of these improvements, determines gaps in the present, and presents future paths towards secure and scalable e-voting system.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Electronic Voting Machine (EVM), Image Processing, Vote Verification, Raspberry Pi, IoT, Cloud Storage, LED Detection, Secure E-Voting, Contour Detection, Thresholding, Edge Detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Due to their critical role in food and nutritional security, economic development, and environmental sustainability, horticultural crops are essential. These crops, however, are under growing threat from pests, diseases, climate change, and postharvest losses. Modern biotechnology provides specific and scalable solutions to these restrictions, greatly increasing crop productivity, quality, resilience, and shelf life. The development and reproduction of high-quality horticultural cultivars has been transformed by advances in genetic engineering, CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing, RNA interference (RNAi), nanobiotechnology, tissue culture methods, and other fields. These tools also aid in biofortification, pest resistance, floral enhancement, and preservation of important genetic resources. This piece examines the significant biotechnological advances and the revolutionary role they have played in horticulture. It focuses on the most recent advancements, difficulties, and ethical issues associated with using these technologies to promote sustainable crop production.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Genetic Engineering, Crop Quality, Biotechnological Advancements, CRISPR 2.0, Ethical Principles in Biotechnology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This review paper explores recent advancements in infant cry analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies, particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). The discussion consolidates findings from ten notable studies focusing on techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and support vector machines (SVMs), with key acoustic features including Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). Results indicate that enhanced DL methods significantly improve detection accuracy in challenging environments like neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Challenges remain, such as dataset limitations, non-uniform labelling standards, and the need for real-time applications. This paper provides a synthesized perspective on current methodologies and outlines future directions for creating intelligent cry interpretation systems to support early healthcare interventions [1]-[10].

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Infant cry analysis, machine learning, deep learning, convolutional neural networks (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), cry classification, audio signal processing, neonatal care, real-time monitoring.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Globalization has brought significant socio-economic and cultural changes, affecting indigenous communities worldwide. This study aims to examine how globalization has affected the empowerment of women of Rava community in Alipurduar District, West Bengal focusing on key aspects such as education, employment, decision-making power, and cultural transformation. The method employed for the present investigation is qualitative approach. It is found that both the opportunities and challenges they face in adapting to new socio-economic conditions. Through in-depth interviews and observations, the research captures the diverse experiences of Rava women as they navigate changing socio-economic conditions. It also highlights the role of government policies, non-governmental organizations, and local community initiatives in fostering sustainable development and gender equity among Rava women in Alipurduar district of West Bengal.

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 Keywords

Globalization, Rava Women, Empowerment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The increasing demand for efficient attendance management in educational institutions, corporate offices, and other organizations has highlighted the need for an intelligent and automated system. Traditional attendance methods, such as manual entry or RFID-based systems, often result in inefficiencies, inaccuracies, and fraudulent attendance records. As we move forward with this project, our primary objective is to develop a Face-Based Attendance System with Report Generation that will effectively address these challenges in a timely and reliable manner. This is the most essential goal that we must accomplish. For the purpose of this research, the attendance system will be conceptualized as an automated process that utilizes facial recognition technology to identify and verify individuals in real-time. Machine learning algorithms and advanced image processing techniques will be employed to ensure accuracy and efficiency in the detection process. It is vital to follow best practices when implementing such a system to enhance security, reduce errors, and improve overall user experience. These best practices include integrating a robust database for secure data storage, implementing multi-factor authentication where necessary, and optimizing the system to function seamlessly across various devices and platforms. Additionally, the report generation feature will provide insightful analytics, such as daily, weekly, and monthly attendance trends, which will help institutions make data-driven decisions. To establish a seamless and efficient attendance system, it is essential to adhere to these guiding principles at all times.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Face Recognition, Attendance Management, Attendance system, Neural Network

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In recent years, automation in logistics and material handling has gained significant momentum, particularly with the rise of smart infrastructure and Industry 4.0. This paper presents the design and implementation of an Autonomous Delivery Robot that leverages a compact and efficient control system based on the Raspberry Pi Zero. The robot is engineered to perform end-to-end delivery tasks without human intervention--picking up material from a designated source and transporting it to a specific destination where it autonomously dumps the payload. The robot incorporates a GPS module for real-time geolocation tracking, a camera module for visual feedback and object detection, and ultrasonic sensors for collision avoidance, enabling reliable navigation and obstacle avoidance. The Raspberry Pi Zero processes data from these modules and coordinates movement using dual motor driver circuits--one for robotic mobility and another for controlling the headlamp or dumping mechanism. Furthermore, the system incorporates IoT-based communication, allowing external devices or users to assign delivery tasks, monitor robot status, and receive real-time updates. The proposed robot system is scalable and cost-effective, suitable for indoor and outdoor applications such as warehouse automation, hospital supply delivery, or campus logistics. This project demonstrates the viability of autonomous material transport using low-power embedded systems and lays the foundation for future enhancements involving AI-based path planning and autonomous fleet coordination.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Autonomous Delivery Robot, Raspberry Pi Zero, GPS Navigation, Object Detection, Obstacle Avoidance, IoT Communication, Motor Driver Control, Material Transport, Camera Module, Embedded Systems, Wireless Monitoring, Real-Time Tracking, Smart Logistics, Automated Dumping.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study explores the pro-environment behavior in the daily practices of undergraduate students in Kohima, Nagaland, using a survey research method. A structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale was used to assess students' environmentally responsible actions. The findings indicate a high level of awareness and concern among students regarding environmental issues such as pollution and climate change. Students reported strong personal responsibility and willingness to engage in eco-friendly behaviors like switching off appliances and reducing plastic use. However, variations were noted in peer-influenced motivation and the perceived support from institutions. Some students expressed concern about inadequate infrastructure and feelings of helplessness. Overall, the study highlights the positive orientation of students toward environmental sustainability and suggests the need for strengthened institutional and infrastructural support to encourage sustained pro-environmental behavior.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pro-environment Behavior, Practices, Environmental Responsibility, Sustainable Behavior.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Toothpaste is a paste or gel to be used with a toothbrush to maintain and improve oral health and aesthetics. Toothpastes normally Utilized item with the guide of utilizing all people. Since their introduction several thousand years ago, these are the Products which issued for the cleaning, oral hugging or such as freshets of mouth and to avoid tooth decay.The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves, Cinnamon bark other ingredient are peppermint oil, Honey. The plant extract ingredient posses the antibacterial. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish brown, smooth in nature, pH-6.8, spredability- Good and stable formulation, it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabour Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and dental health of public. The observation is Found to be from physical examination appearance, spread ability, relevant density, viscosity, pH, homogenecity, foam ability, Determination of moisture and volatile matter, antibacterial activity and Extrudability. The herbal toothpaste is no side effect and they prevent dental caries and dental disease.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Neem, Guava, Cinnamon, Babul, Evaluation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition