Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Topological indices and graph labelling are essential tools in mathematical chemistry and graph theory, providing valuable insights into the structure and properties of molecular graphs and complex networks. In this paper, we explore the computation of Graceful Lebelling, Radio Geometric Mean, and Radio Harmonic Mean indices for prominent graph families, including butterfly graphs, complete bipartite graphs, and Friendship graphs.

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 Keywords

Radio harmonic mean, radio geometric mean, butterfly graph, friendship graph, complete bipartite graph

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Gajendrakumar Mitra's short story Ekti Galpa (trans. A Story) (1954), translated from Bengali to English as The Family Retainer (2006) by Aruna Chakravarti, follows the tragic life of a subordinated man who gets degraded and exploited by his own family. It explores multiple aspects of the gendered positioning of an average Indian man juggling his identity and existence between ideal masculinity, male honour, pride, privilege, and oppression. The article examines the major male characters in the story, including Haran, his neighbour, Rai Bahadur, and Bhupati Babu (Bahadur's second son-in-law), using Connell's concept of 'Hegemonic Masculinity', to decipher the categorisations and subjugations within male communities that create constant hierarchical structuring of male gender. Drawing upon Mimi Scippers' idea of 'Hegemonic Femininity', the article addresses the serious issue of female-on-male domination that is often trivialised or sidelined, through the prominent female characters of the story, Rai Bahadur's wife and Rajbala.

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 Keywords

Subjugated Masculinities, Hegemonic Masculinity, Hegemonic Femininity, Indian men, Bengali Literature

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A reservoir operating policy is a sequence of release decisions in operational periods (such as months), specified as a function of the stage of the system. The state of the system in a period is generally defined by the reservoir storage at the beginning of a period and the inflow to the reservoir during the period. These reservoir release decisions are to be integrated with irrigation scheduling to obtain the best possible yields considering the crop yield response to water deficits. In the present study, an optimal reservoir operation model integrating the reservoir releases to irrigation scheduling is developed by linear programming. The objective of the model is to minimize the reduction in yield of crops due to water deficits subject to constraints on storage, release, and mass balance of the reservoir. The decision variables are monthly releases to each crop grown under the project in a year. The model developed is applied to a case study of the Gundlakamma reservoir located in the Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Inflows into the reservoir are obtained from the Thammavaram CWC station, and gross irrigation requirements of all crops grown under the left and right canals are determined. 75% dependable inflows are considered while deriving the optimal reservoir operating policy.

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Reservoir operating policy, Irrigation scheduling, Gundlakamma Reservoir, Minimize the reduction in yield of crops due to water deficits.

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The pervasive and fluid regulations and societal boundaries have confined women since time immemorial. Female authors therefore relied on writing by portraying fictional characters who revolted against the shackles imposed upon them by the male dominated society. In Victorian age, women were subjected to gendered expectations. Victorian Literature is characterized by the writings that emerged during Queen Victoria's reign (1837-1901) in Great Britain. The contributions made by Victorian women in the canon of literature is remarkable. Victorian Feminist literature proved instrumental in nurturing contemporary feminist ideas by disrupting established paradigms, championing women's rights and forging the path for modern feminist movements. Yet its dogmatic constraints and social impediments generated circumscribed structures that continue to impact contemporary feminism. Novels such as Jane Eyre (1847), The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848), Middlemarch (1871-72) and Aurora Leigh (1856) impelled against structural subjugation accentuating women's sovereignty, education and economic independence. This research paper will delve into how Victorian feminist literature contributed to and restrained the evolving sphere of feminist inquiry, by inspecting influential authors and the persistent reverberation of Victorian societal norms.

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Victorian feminism, feminist literature, contemporary feminism, Victorian period, patriarchy, social mores, literary analysis.

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ABSTRACT Mammogram is one of the methods in understanding the presence of Microcalcification (MC) in the breast of women. MC is an initial form of breast cancer. In this research work, the mammogram image is decomposed using wavelet filters. Daubechi wavelet has been used to decompose the given mammogram image into 5 levels. In each level of decomposition, the approximation is further decomposed. Statistical features are calculated from the approximations of each image from each level of decomposition. These statistical features form training patterns and testing patterns of the proposed ANN algorithms. The patterns are used as inputs for the Back-Propagation Algorithm (BPA), echo state neural network algorithm, Fuzzy logic algorithm and Firefly algorithms. Ten mammogram images are used from Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database. Two thousand unique patterns are obtained from the 10 images. From the 2000 patterns, 1000 patterns are used for training the BPA/ESNN/FL/FF. The remaining 1000 patterns are used for testing the BPA / ESNN/FL/FF algorithms. In the training patterns, 500 are with MC and remaining 500 are without MC. In the testing patterns, 500 are with MC and remaining 500 are without MC. Performance of the algorithms is assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

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Microcalcification(MC), ECHO STATE NEURAL NETWORK(ESNN), FIRE FLY(FF)

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With the world rapidly developing, there is a significant focus on improving infrastructure, with the construction industry playing a crucial role. Cement is a widely used material in construction, but its production results in the emission of around 6-8% of the total carbon dioxide in the world, contributing significantly to global warming. In this project Lime-Fly ash -Gypsum (LFG) binder has been used as a binder to partially replace OPC and studies have been carried out for physical, mechanical and other relevant properties with recycled concrete as aggregate partially replaced with normal aggregate LFG binder means fly ash-lime-gypsum binder Which are all a sort of waste materials or byproducts produced during manufacturing products and utilities and recycled aggregates are one kind of solid waste produced during demolition of concrete structure .So, this concrete is a green concrete which replaces OPC and recycled concrete for aggregate which is a waste produced during demolition of concrete structure. This can help to meet the unavailability of minerals which are a non - renewable resources and gets reduced day by day. In this research project total four mix proposition considered 1) Conventional M40 2) 25% Recycled concrete with aggregate 3) 30% FAL-G binder with cement 4) 25% recycled aggregate & 30% FAL-G binder both are replaced At the end of the research work the above results will be compared with conventional concrete

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Lime, Fly ash, Gypsum, Recycled Concrete, Recycled Aggregate, Demolished Aggregates.

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A study was conducted to evaluate the fertility status of soils of five different areas of Rasmada village block of Durg district, India. A total of 05 numbers of surface soil samples (0-15 cm depth), comprising of 5 composite soil samples from each site were collected. The collected soil samples were air dried, sieved and analyzed for different fertility parameters viz., soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available Sulphur and available zinc and boron using standard procedures. Based on calculated nutrient index value soil fertility rating as low, medium and high for each fertility parameter was done. Results revealed that pH of the all soils of study area were found in the acidic range and majority (43%) of the samples lie in the very strongly acidic (4.5 to 5.0) range. Electrical conductivity was normal (<1dS/m). Soil organic carbon varied and recorded in low (15%), medium (57%) and high (28%) category. Nutrient index value for available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was low to medium range. Available Sulphur was high to medium in the soils of the study area and zinc content was found low to but available boron was recorded low for most of the soil samples. A systematic survey was used to gather grid-based (GPS) surface (0-15 cm) soil samples from 5 areas Of the Rasmada villages in Durg district that were chosen, 5 samples were found to be Vertisol. According to the standards followed in the soil testing lab, these soil samples were classified as low, medium, and high after being examined for N, P, and K as well as Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn. A significant and positive association between soil pH and accessible N, P, and K was found based on the coefficient of correlation between macronutrients and micronutrients and soil characteristics. Available N, P, and K were significantly and favorably correlated with electrical conductivity, and available N and K were significantly and favorably correlated with organic C.

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soil fertility, soil samples, micro nutrients, soil pH

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 Abstract

Government loan waiver schemes face challenges such as fraudulent claims, clerical errors, identity mismatches, and slow verification processes. Manual verification of Aadhar and Smart Cards is inefficient and prone to errors, increasing the risk of duplicate claims and document forgery. This project proposes an AI-powered automated system using YOLOv8 for document detection, Tesseract OCR for text extraction, and Capsule Siamese Networks for fraud detection. By eliminating manual errors, reducing processing time, and enhancing transparency, the system ensures that financial aid reaches genuine beneficiaries securely and efficiently.

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YOLOv8 for document detection, Tesseract OCR for text extraction, and Capsule Siamese Networks for fraud detection, loan waiver schemes, manual errors, reducing processing time, and enhancing transparency, the system

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In recent years, automatic speech recognition (ASR) has witnessed tremendous advancements owing to the rapid evolution of deep learning techniques and the emergence of transformer-based large language models (LLMs). Despite this progress, the accurate identification of speaker accent and emotional tone--referred to as "passion" in this context--remains a complex challenge due to variability in pronunciation, prosody, regional dialects, and the subjective nature of emotion expression. Identifying such characteristics is crucial for enhancing the personalization, inclusivity, and robustness of ASR systems, especially in multilingual and culturally diverse environments.

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 Keywords

Accent Recognition Emotion Recognition in Speech Speech Processing Large Language Models (LLMs) Speech-to-Text Paralinguistic Features Natural Language Processing (NLP) Audio Signal Analysis Prosody Detection Speaker Identification Deep Learning Transformer Models Human-Computer Interaction Sentiment Analysis in Speech Voice-based Emotion Detection

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The global energy sector is undergoing a paradigm shift due to increasing demand, sustainability challenges, and the rise of renewables. In this context, data analytics has emerged as a transformative tool, enabling better decision-making, optimization, and forecasting in energy systems. This review presents a comprehensive study of various energy sources and how data analytics techniques are being applied to improve their efficiency, reliability, and integration. We analyse data-driven models for solar, wind, hydro, and fossil fuels, discuss model development strategies, compare model performance, and highlight results from real-world applications. The review concludes by identifying research gaps and proposing future directions for intelligent energy systems.

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Biochemical, Bioenergy, Optimization, Data Analytics, Energy Systems, Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Hybrid Models.

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