Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic posed an unprecedented challenge to nations across the world. In India, while the government enforced lockdowns and health protocols to control viral transmission, these measures led to significant disruptions of constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights. This research investigates the extent and nature of these infringements, focusing on civil liberties (Right to Movement, Freedom of Speech, Right to Protest), socio-economic rights (Right to Education, Right to Livelihood), and institutional accountability (Right to Justice). Drawing upon empirical data collected from 35 individuals and examining the constitutional framework and relevant case law, this study reveals that while certain emergency measures were necessary, their implementation often lacked proportionality, transparency, and legal oversight. The pandemic not only exposed the fragility of India's public health infrastructure but also highlighted gaps in its democratic institutions and rights protection mechanisms. The paper concludes by recommending rights-based policy reforms to strengthen constitutional guarantees in times of crisis.

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 Keywords

COVID-19, Fundamental Rights, Civil Liberties, Right to Health, Digital Divide, Lockdown, Constitutionalism, India, Emergency Governance, Human Rights

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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 Keywords

community settings, procedural anxiety, ketamine

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Education is the most important contributor to the creation of human capital, which can be provided through schooling, training and experience. India has made large progress in schooling since independence but educational attainment still remains quite low. It plays a key role to develop a country's wellbeing and capacity of self-sustaining growth and development. Without the spread of mass education, no country has been able to progress in terms of development nor in other aspects. This paper seeks to analyze the evolution of Education sector (primary, secondary and tertiary) in India with respect to literacy rate (including male female comparison), expenditure, enrolment and privatization. Attempt has also been made to show comparison of India's Education sector with rest of the world.

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 Keywords

Human Capital, Educational attainment, Literacy Rate, Privatisation of Education, Indian Edication Sector

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This study presents historic ichthyofaunal data collected between July 1993 and June 1996 from the Matsyagedda stream, a hill stream located in the Eastern Ghats near Pedabayalu mandal, Visakhapatnam district (present it is called as Alluri Sitharama Raju district), Andhra Pradesh, India. The data, gathered using traditional fishing methods, remained unpublished until now. A total of 31 fish species belonging to 17 genera, 10 families, and 8 orders were recorded. The order Cypriniformes showed the highest species richness (45.2%), followed by Siluriformes (22.6%). The presence of both predatory and weed fishes reflects a balanced aquatic ecosystem. IUCN status evaluation revealed that 80.65% of the species were of Least Concern, while 9.68% each were Near Threatened and Not Evaluated. This historic dataset provides a valuable baseline for assessing long-term ecological changes, offering critical insights for future conservation planning and biodiversity monitoring in the Eastern Ghats region.

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 Keywords

Ichthyofaunal Diversity, IUCN, Matsyagedda Stream, Pedabayalu mandal

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The development of digital technologies has greatly altered the banking business, bringing it in accordance with ESG, or environmental, social, and governance, concepts. This review-based research investigates the impact and viability of these technological advances, augmented by insights from interviews with banking experts in a variety of roles. Despite the limited number of participants, the findings show that digitization improves decision-making at all organizational levels, fosters sustainable habits, and benefits society entirety. Digital platforms have completely transformed the way consumers engage with financial services, boosting expansion of businesses and raising their commitment to sustainability. Banks may better behave to growing expectations from society by implementing reliable, efficient, and privacy conscious digital solutions that promote involvement and trust. Integrating ESG principles into normal business operations, not solely in the banking industry, but also in communities and ecosystems, transforms digital banking into an effective tool for sustainable development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ESG Integration, Digital Transformation, Sustainable Banking, Financial Innovation, Environmental Responsibility, Social Inclusion, Governance in Finance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: It is empirically proved through various researches that engagement in anything increases the possibility of success in that matter. This is also true in case of academic engagement. If a student engages minutely in academic activities, it will bring him success in that field. Now that a majority of academic activities take place in the campus. it is expected that the campus climate should have a bearing on their achievement. Hence, the present researchers wished to examine the effect of campus climate on the academic engagement of higher education students of north 24 Parganas District. So, a cross-sectional survey method was utilized and data was collected from 160 male and female students of different colleges and universities located in North 24 Parganas District. The result confirmed strong positive correlation between campus climate and students' academic engagement.

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 Keywords

Key Words: Campus Climate, Academic Engagement, Higher Education

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This research proposes a novel context-aware metaheuristic classification framework designed to detect zero-day cyberattacks with enhanced accuracy and minimal false alarms. Zero-day threats, characterized by their unpredictability and absence from known attack databases, pose significant challenges to traditional intrusion detection systems. The proposed method integrates environmental context--such as user behavior, network activity patterns, and system state--with metaheuristic-based feature optimization techniques like Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization to construct a lightweight yet highly effective detection model. The framework leverages ensemble machine learning classifiers and dynamically refines its feature set to adapt to evolving attack vectors. Evaluated using benchmark intrusion detection datasets and synthetic zero-day scenarios, the model consistently outperforms traditional classifiers in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and false positive rate. Additionally, it exhibits low computational overhead and high adaptability, making it suitable for real-time deployment in cloud-scale or enterprise environments. The study demonstrates that combining contextual awareness with intelligent feature selection offers a powerful and scalable solution for mitigating zero-day threats in modern cybersecurity ecosystems.

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Zero-day attack detection, context-aware classification, metaheuristic optimization, intrusion detection systems, machine learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Adolescence is a transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and adulthood. In females puberty is the major physiological phenomenon where they start with menarche (menses).Menstruation is a normal and important physiological phenomenon in female's reproductive life, but major health problems faced during reproductive life are related to menstrual problems. Among them most commonly seen one is PMS.

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 Keywords

"CHANGE THE CHANGEABLE,ACCEPT THE UNCHANGEABLE AND REMOVE YOURSELF FROM THE UNACCEPTABLE"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Based on the monthly data of various solar parameters, e.g. sunspot numbers (SSN), sunspot area, grouped solar flares (GSF) index, SFI for the last four cycles (19 to 22) as well as for the present cycle 23. We have found that on monthly average basis, the SSN are highly co-related with other solar parameters. We have seen that the progression of solar cycle from 20 to 23 the slope of the regression line between SSN and GSF or SFI decreases continuously. However, no such unidirectional change is observed in the corelation coefficient.

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 Keywords

Sunspot numbers (SSN); Sunspot area (photosphere); Ground solar flares (GSF); Solar flare Index; Solar cycles.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Self criticism, a tendency to evaluate oneself harshly and focus on perceived flaws or mistakes, plays a significant role in shaping individuals. The concept of self judgment, which means being relentlessly judgement and critical of oneself and causing self inflicted mental suffering beyond the challenges of the situation, is often used interchangeable with self criticism where self kindness involve a kind, forgiving, and accepting stance toward oneself, with the understanding that oneself deserves love and empathy despite weakness and failures. Psychological well being is not a static state, it includes dynamic process that evolves thorough different stages, it involvesdevelopmental strategies that can promote mental health and prevent psychological distress across diverse populations. The elderly population often faces a unique set of challenges, including physical decline, loss of loved ones, retirement and societal changes. Self criticism in the elderly often manifests as negative self evaluations, feelings of regret, or a focus on perceived personal shortcomings, particularly regarding past life choices or perceived failures. The individuals who associated with decline in psychological wellbeing, leading to higher risk of depression and other mental health issues. In some of the interventional measures that involved like psychological well being such as therapy, mindfulness pratices, and social support which essential in supporting mental health and improving the quality of life for the population.

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"A study to assess the level of Self Criticism and its impact on psychological well being among elderly at selected village in Aragonda, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition