Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

The indescribable tale of Rani Avantibai carved her mark in the records of history. The queen of dindori also known as Rani Avanti bai lodhi she was the Empress of the Kingdom of ramgarh near jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh in the colonial period. She is remembered for her fierce opposition to the British East India Company and her leadership in the revolt against their rule. She is famous for her uprising against the Britishers in the Revolt of 1857. This paper represents the contribution that she made as of women, as a queen and as a wife in the freedom struggle where it was rare to see a girl who is in power rising and revolting against Britishers. With the help of ethnographic data methodology this paper shows the various events and history behind Avantibai. The aim behind this paper is to present how she used Gorilla war tactics and refused to surrender herself to the Britishers and made a great impact on the papers of history. This paper also shows all the great achievement that she made with her bravery which may influence the contemporary youth and women's. Queen Avantibai breaks the barriers of being just a woman and a queen who is not allowed to participate in freedom struggle. Orientation of this paper is surrounded by the event taking place in Ramgarh of Madhya Pradesh and in the life of Empress of Dindori. The main question is How in the patriarchal society the woman outshine the others and fearlessly fought against the cruelty and befitting against the male bigot.

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 Keywords

Queen of Dindori, East India Company, Gorilla War

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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E-commerce has revolutionized the agricultural sector by providing farmers and agribusinesses with new opportunities to expand their market reach, enhance sales performance, and improve supply chain efficiency. This study explores the role of e-commerce in the expansion of agricultural businesses, highlighting its impact on production, trade, and technological adoption. By leveraging digital platforms, farmers can connect directly with consumers, reduce post-harvest losses, and optimize pricing through increased market transparency. The paper examines recent advancements in e-commerce and their influence on agricultural marketing strategies, including the integration of social media, digital payment systems, and data-driven decision-making. Additionally, it assesses the benefits of e-commerce for small-scale farmers, enabling them to access broader markets and compete more effectively in the global economy. Despite its potential, challenges such as logistical constraints, trust issues, and digital literacy remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. This research highlights how e-commerce platforms contribute to the sustainable growth of the agricultural sector. It also explores how emerging technologies like blockchain and artificial intelligence enhance transparency, traceability, and operational efficiency. Ultimately, this study underscores the transformative potential of e-commerce in fostering agricultural development, promoting financial inclusion, and strengthening rural economies.

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 Keywords

E-commerce, Agriculture business, Benefits of e-commerce, E-commerce platforms, eNAM, AgriBazaar

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents the design and implementation of a Portable Solar Tracking and Charging System aimed at improving the efficiency of solar power collection. The system can track the sun throughout the day to ensure that the solar panel is always aligned for maximum exposure. It is also portable, allowing the user to deploy it in various outdoor environments. The project integrates a microcontroller, solar panel, stepper motor, and sensors to achieve real-time tracking and efficient battery charging. This paper discusses the methodology, hardware components, and practical implementation of the system. Results indicate that the tracking system significantly improves energy capture compared to static panels

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Solar Panel, Tracking System, Renewable Energy, Battery Charging, Embedded System.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital transformation in Indian agriculture offers a transformative opportunity to boost productivity, maximize resource utilization, and enhance market accessibility. Using modern technology like blockchain, drones, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and precision farming can improve efficiency. Through data-driven decision-making, real-time crop health monitoring, and resource optimization, digital tools facilitate improved farm management. Additionally, e-commerce and mobile platforms have given farmers immediate access to marketplaces, financial services, and professional guidance. Additionally, they can check internet reviews before purchasing, increasing profitability and sustainability. Despite these encouraging advantages, several obstacles stand in the way of the widespread use of digital technologies, including low levels of digital literacy, poor infrastructure, expensive technology, and concerns about data privacy, especially for small and marginal farmers. Overcoming these obstacles requires targeted strategies, including improving digital literacy, expanding rural infrastructure, offering financial support, and developing region-specific solutions. This paper examines the potential benefits, barriers, and opportunities of digital transformation in Indian agriculture, emphasizing the role of digital tools in addressing the sector's complex issues. India can unlock the full potential of digital agriculture, leading to increased productivity, sustainability, and improved livelihoods for farmers while contributing to long-term economic growth and food security.

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 Keywords

Opportunities, Digital Transformation, Agriculture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Early detection of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and infections (STIs) is crucial for timely treatment and reducing public health risks. In the first phase of this study, a Random Forest model was applied on an imbalanced STD dataset and achieved an accuracy of 96%, demonstrating the potential of tree-based learning in medical diagnostics. In the second phase, we addressed data imbalance using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and extended the analysis by implementing deep learning models such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and 1D Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN), along with Gradient Boosting. A comprehensive performance evaluation was conducted using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC. Among all, Random Forest achieved the highest accuracy of 94% on the resampled data, highlighting the promise of deep learning in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. This final phase reinforces the effectiveness of combining data balancing techniques with advanced learning models for robust STD prediction.

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 Keywords

Tree Learning, Deep learning, Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Prediction, Random Forest, MLP, Gradient Boosting, 1D CNN, SMOTE, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Evaluation Metrics

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Vrana (ulcer), in Ayurveda is defined as a structural deformity in the skin and deeper structures, associated with pain, discharge etc and caused either by the vitiation of the doshas or by trauma. Vrana is basically of 2 types- Dushta vrana and Shudha vrana. Shudha Vrana is acute condition which is easily treatable, whereas Dushta vrana is a chronic wound, mostly unresponsive to any treatment. Acharya Sushruta has described sixty methods for treating such vranas (wound). In this case, symptoms like Deerghakalaanubandhi (chronic), Teevra ruja (painful), Teevra puti srava (smelly discharge) etc. were suggestive of Pitta pradhana Sarakta Tridoshaja Dushta vrana on the right leg. The chronic wound management strategies include compression therapy and antimicrobial therapy (if infected). However, in unresponsive cases, surgery (skin grafting) is done. A male patient of 52 year old having no history of DM and HTN came to opd with painful and foul-smelling vrana , to the extent of disturbing his sleep and restricting his daily activities. His Ayurvedic treatment comprised of Kaishora guggulu, Manjishtadi kashaya orally and Vrana prakshalana (wound cleaning) and Vrana lekhan externally. For fastes recovery skin grafting was done as a sandhankarma procedure. Ayurvedic treatment was effective in healing the Dushta vrana completely in this case. This suggests the efficacy of Ayurveda in the management of chronic wound. However, a detailed study of the same with larger sample sizes will help to formulate a treatment protocol for such cases.

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A case study of vrana prakshalan and lekhan karma with sandhankarma (skin grafting) in non-healing wound.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper proposes a novel technical architecture that integrates the Bitcoin Lightning Network with a multi-layer identity verification system to enable tax-free fund transfers in India. By leveraging tax exemption provisions under Section 56(2) of the Income Tax Act, our framework facilitates efficient and secure transactions within family networks. We introduce relationship-based clustering and zero-knowledge proofs to ensure privacy-preserving, tax-exempt payment routing. Simulations with 5,000 nodes reveal a transaction success rate of 96.8%, settlement times averaging 1.2 seconds, and fees reduced by 99.3% compared to traditional remittance systems. The paper also addresses a detailed security analysis against prevalent attack vectors and evaluates compliance with India's regulatory framework, offering a scalable solution for financial inclusion.

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Bitcoin Lightning Network, Payment Channels, Zero-Knowledge Proofs, Relationship-Based Routing, Identity Verification, Tax-Exempt Transfers, Hash Time-Locked Contracts (HTLC's).

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The research paper investigates complex representation of science and society building dystopian elements in Rajat Chaudhuri's novel The Butterfly Effect (2018). Through a critical analysis of the narrative's themes that illustrate the terrible consequences of environmental degradation, it focuses on the collapse of natural ecosystems through scientific advancement, impacting human life. Additionally, the theme of social inequality is explored, showcasing the widening gap among people, intensifying societal tensions and fueling unrest. The characters of the story discover various societal archetypes which also portray a picture of dystopia and they also navigate the challenges of a dystopian world. The paper further examines the Chaudhuri's narrative techniques, including the use of nonlinear timelines, multiple perspectives and metaphorical elements. These techniques enhance the reader's understanding of the complex interplay between individual actions and their collective impact on society. In addition, it focuses on the interaction between human actions and their catastrophic consequences by exploring Chaudhuri's work which serves as an unambiguous warning against the unchecked exploitation of natural resources through scientific advancement and degrading democratic values. Consequently, dystopian setting of the narrative becomes a powerful metaphor for the consequences of contemporary environmental and technological issues, urging individuals to reflect on their own role in shaping the better future. Therefore, this research paper also considers the novel's relevance in contemporary socio-political contexts, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and ethical governance. It draws parallels between the fictional dystopian world and real-world issues, such as environmental changes, scientific advancement and social inequality, highlighting the urgent need for collective action to address these challenges.

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 Keywords

Dystopia, Scientific Advancement, Environmental Degradation, Social Inequality.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Skanda Purana, one of the largest and most intricate Mahapuranas of Hindu tradition, presents a rich tapestry of India's sacred geography, blending mythological narratives with territorial descriptions. This study, titled "India in the Skanda Purana: An Exploration of Sacred Geography and Territorial Identity", examines how the Purana constructs a sacred cartography of the Indian subcontinent, embedding spiritual significance into physical landscapes. Through detailed analyses of various khandas (sections) such as the Kashi Khanda, Avanti Khanda, and Prabhasa Khanda, the paper investigates how pilgrimage sites (tirthas), rivers, mountains and regions are sacralized and interwoven into a cohesive cultural geography. Furthermore, it explores how these depictions contribute to shaping a collective territorial identity rooted in dharma, memory and divine presence. By contextualizing the Skanda Purana's descriptions within historical, religious, and cultural frameworks, this research reveals how sacred geography functions as a means of social unification, spiritual orientation, and cultural continuity in the Indian consciousness.

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 Keywords

Skand Purana, Khandas, Geographical description.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In this complicated business environment, corporations may want to hold onto their earnings in order to maintain working capital in the face of a market downturn. In contrast, firms may implement aggressive dividend policies to entice investors with a diverse range of investment options. Corporates have traditionally regarded dividend payments as a crucial decision. It has been noted that many businesses think that paying dividends has no bearing on their worth, and many guarantee that doing so increases shareholder wealth. Therefore, a company's responsibility of creating a suitable dividend policy is not simple. This study looks at the dividend trends of firms that are listed on the BSE and that are part of the Sensex throughout the seven-year period from 2017 to 2023. Descriptive Statistics i.e. Mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation is used to understand central tendency and dispersion of dividend payout ratios. It was found that out of these 7 years, the average DPR were lowest in the year 2020 and highest in the year 2017. But the Coefficient of Variation (CV) of DPR for all the years of sample period was significantly high indicating a huge variation in the dividend payout ratios of the sample companies in all the selected sample years.

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 Keywords

Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Dividend variation, trend

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition