Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

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Aavala , Hireda , Behada , Guggul .

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This paper presents a comparative study of three major macroeconomic models--Classical, Keynesian, and Neo-Classical--each offering a distinct perspective on how economies function, during times of growth, crisis, or recovery. The Classical model promotes minimal government intervention and believes in the natural ability of markets to self-correct. Keynesian theory emphasizes the need for active government intervention during economic slowdowns to stimulate demand and bring the economy back to stability. The Neo-Classical approach, which emerged later, combines elements of both by acknowledging short-term disruptions while emphasizing long-term market equilibrium and rational decision-making. Through this study, we analyze the assumptions, strengths, and limitations of each model and explore how these theories have been applied to tackle real-life economic challenges such as the Great Depression, stagflation, and the 2008 financial crisis. The paper concludes that no single model is universally applicable; instead, a flexible and context-based approach is required to address the complexities of modern economies.

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Aggregate Demand and Supply, Comparative Economic Models, Classical Economics, Keynesian Theory, Fiscal and Monetary Policy Neoclassical Economics, Fiscal and Monetary Policy, Comparative Economic Models

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Traditionally harvested by millions of women from parkland-managed trees, across swathes of African savannah, shea butter is mostly utilize for the purpose of Cosmetics. Consumed for millennia, its cosmetic use has been documented by famous explorers for centuries; presented to Ibn Battuta, during his mid-fourteenth century Malian travels, and Mungo Park recorded trade while tracking the Niger River during the late eighteenth century. With 200-500 thousand shea nut equivalent tons now exported annually from West Africa, shea has become the second largest natural source of symmetrical stearic-rich triacylglycerols. The cultivation process is largely traditional, involving minimal agricultural inputs and relaying on the nature growth of shea trees which can take up to 20 years to mature. It is extracted using a variety of avenue, including mechanical, solvent, conventional and other combination methods and then refined by bleaching and pretreatment. An overview is given of the industry's current shea butter marketing formulation. This chapter describes the different parts used in cosmetics. There are 161 phytoconstituents present in the shea butter. It has been used as cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. An extensive consideration of several homemade methods for making cosmetics with shea butter that are utilized in skin care, hair care, and therapeutic treatments.

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Keywords: Shea butter, Cosmetics, Application, Homemade Remedies

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Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore the behavioural drivers influencing digital banking adoption among Generation Z using the UTAUT2 model (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2), with an additional focus on Cyber security Concerns as a moderating factor. Given Gen Z's digital-first orientation, understanding their banking behaviour is critical for financial service innovation. Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA framework. Relevant peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2017 and 2024 were retrieved from databases such as Scopus, Emerald Insight, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. A total of 15-20 studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thematic synthesis was used to categorize findings under key UTAUT2 constructs--Performance Expectancy, Hedonic Motivation, and Habit--alongside Cyber security Concerns. Findings: The analysis reveals that while Performance Expectancy remains a fundamental driver, Hedonic Motivation and Habit are more influential in shaping Gen Z's behavioural intentions. Furthermore, Cyber security Concerns act as a significant moderating variable, either enhancing or weakening adoption depending on perceived security. Gen Z prioritizes user experience and visible security features over traditional banking attributes. Conclusion: This study reinforces the relevance of the UTAUT2 model for understanding digital banking behaviour but highlights the need to integrate cyber security dimensions for a more comprehensive view, especially for Gen Z users. The findings offer theoretical insights and practical implications for banks, fintech developers, and policy-makers aiming to improve user engagement and digital trust.

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Digital Banking, Gen Z, UTAUT2, Cyber security Concerns, Hedonic Motivation, Habit, Technology Adoption, Systematic Literature Review, Mobile Banking, Behavioural Intention

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The human experience moves continuously between personal success and philosophical hopelessness which philosophers including Arthur Schopenhauer along with Albert Camus, David Benatar, John Gray and Thomas Ligotti have emphasized upon in their writings. The analysis in this paper will be about their evaluations of optimistic beliefs as well as the concepts of human advancement and search for values in life. According to Schopenhauer suffering dominates life but Camus explains that defiance or revolt allows people to discover meaning beyond absurdism. Benatar and Ligotti present contrary arguments because they choose anti-natalism alongside their belief that consciousness is a horror. For Ligotti and Benatar, Consciousness is something which should not have been as it causes more harm than good. Research has not yet explored how pessimists build their psychological strength and why seemingly pleasant art, and intellectual activities might reduce existential fear. The systematic study of psychology enables this paper to demonstrate that understanding life's absurd nature enables a thoughtful approach to existence, instead into making an individual to into a cycle of misery.

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Pessimism; Absurdity; Anti-natalism; Existential Horror; Consciousness

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Replication of voice using Real Time Voice Cloning, which uses cutting-edge technology that enables the generation of a synthetic voice closely resembling the target speaker's voice. This process involves two main stages that is the training the model on a large dataset of the target voice and utilizing that model to generate real-time speech. Contrary to the traditional voice synthesis methods, which frequently require extensive computational resources and time for voice synthesis. The process typically utilizes deep learning models particularly those based on neural networks, to analyze the speaker's voice characteristics such as tone, pitch and speech patterns. The system extracts these features using an Encoder model which creates a unique speaker embedding representing the voice's identity. This embedding is combined with a Text-To-Speech synthesis model which can convert the textual input into speech that mimics the original speaker's voice. Real Time Voice Cloning aims to minimize the latency and computational cost, making it feasible for practical applications such as voice assistants and accessibility tools. This approach for real-time voice cloning leverages advanced techniques such as Generative Adversarial Networks, Wavenets, Autoencoders, and even Long Short-Term Memory Model. By optimizing both training and synthesis stages, our approach achieves a superior synthesis of the target speaker's voice with minimum delay. We estimate the performance of the model through various parameters such as intelligibility, naturalness, and speaker similarity. The results show that our methods offer a scalable solution for superior real-time voice Cloning with potential, diverse applications in both personal and professional domains. Applications range from personalized digital assistants to dubbing and entertainment, and ethical examination must be taken into account due to concerns about potential misuse in generating fake videos.

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Keywords: RTVC, Wavenets, Autoencoders, Vocoder, Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN), Text-To-Speech(TTS), Long Short-Term Memory.

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Anyone who has been in a classroom knows that taking attendance can be a disruptive chore. Traditional roll calls are slow, and even modern solutions like fingerprint scanners can cause bottlenecks and raise hygiene concerns. We've developed a fresh approach: a smart, web-based system that uses facial recognition to take attendance automatically and without contact. We've built an entire digital classroom around this idea, making it simple for teachers to manage their courses and for students to stay on track. The platform handles everything from enrolling students and creating new classes to providing easy-to-read dashboards for tracking performance. This paper will walk you through how it was built using technologies like Node.js, Python, OpenCV, and MongoDB, and show you how it works in the real world. With its user-friendly design and ability to spot multiple faces at once, our system proves that technology can make our schools more efficient and secure.

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Facial Recognition, Attendance System, Digital Classroom, Web-based System, Computer Vision, Education Technology, Contactless Attendance.

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In this paper , we discuss the addition and subtraction of generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers with example , which shows that the existing operations make some approximation, thereby causing loss of information.

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Fuzzy set theory , Generalized Fuzzy Numbers, function Principle

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: The increasing global interest in natural health alternatives has renewed attention to traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda. Among the various plant-based remedies used historically, Carica papaya (papaya) has been studied for its potential antifertility properties. Synthetic contraceptives, while effective, are often accompanied by adverse effects, prompting a search for safer, plant-based alternatives. Papaya is a tropical fruit known not only for its nutritional value but also for its bioactive compounds that may exert antifertility effects. Scientific studies have indicated that papaya seeds, leaves, and unripe fruit may affect hormone levels, interfere with spermatogenesis, and hinder implantation. This review evaluates current evidence on the antifertility potential of papaya in both males and females, exploring whether it can serve as a viable natural contraceptive option or if its benefits are overstated.

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Carica Pappaya ,Antifertility, Herbal Medicine, Natural Contraceptive

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Nowadays, use of alternative and complementary therapies with mainstream medicine has gained the momentum. Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies which use essential oils as the major therapeutic agents to treat several diseases. The essential or volatile oils are extracted from the flowers, barks, stem, leaves, roots, fruits and other parts of the plant by various methods. It came into existence after the scientists deciphered the antiseptic and skin permeability properties of essential oils. Once the oils are in the system, they remodulate themselves and work in a friendly manner at the site of malfunction or at the affected area. Herbal plants contain various biologically active compounds that are useful for life enhancement and they are the main origins of modern and conventional herbal medicine for the prevention of diseases. The study aimed to formulated and develop herbal candle using Essential oils in combination. F1, F2, F3, where prepare by varying composition and evaluated for their physicochemical property. The study shows that formulation F3 was found to be effective due to large quantity of Essential oil. The test showed that the manufactured herbal candle had become more effective, Cheaper and non-poisonous than the candle repellents currently available on the market based on chemical in fighting mosquitoes, scent consistency, etc.

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aromatherapy, candle, essential oil (lavender, chamomile, citronella, eucalyptus).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition