Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

OLAP is an integral part of Business Intelligence, which assists in the process of converting raw data into meaningful information by using multidimensional analysis. On the other hand, OLTP systems are designed in a normalized manner to process real-time transactions. This paper theoretically presents a technique for the conversion of OLTP data to OLAP data by using ETL processes. ER modeling is used in OLTP, whereas dimensional modeling is used in OLAP.

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Comparative Analysis and Transformation Techniques between OLTP and OLAP

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The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) is having a major impact on various creative fields, including music. This study focuses on the role of artificial intelligence in music and examines in detail how it functions as a threat or an opportunity, particularly in the fields of creativity, music production and education. The research primarily follows the development of technology in the field of music, with a focus on the digitisation of traditional practices. Later, he explores the use of artificial intelligence in music composition, in production processes and in the enhancement of voice, and he focuses on how these technologies are changing the role of musicians and producers. Especially focused on AI-based tools to help you compose, mix, master and personalize learning in music education. The study also identifies possible challenges associated with artificial intelligence, including concerns about originality, ethical implications and the potential replacement of human musicians. It also highlights the opportunities that AI creates, such as increased accessibility, efficiency and innovation in music creation and teaching. Through a balanced analysis, this research seeks to understand the evolving relationship between human creativity and machine intelligence. The findings suggest that, while artificial intelligence introduces some risks, it is largely acting as a supporting tool to enhance human potential rather than replacing it. The study concludes by emphassising the importance of adapting to technological progress while preserving the essence of human creativity in music through ethical instruments and practices in music, production and education.

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 Keywords

Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, data Analysis, Music technology, Music production

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Railway tracks form the backbone of modern transportation systems, enabling safe and efficient movement of passengers and goods across long distances. However, track cracks, structural defects, and unexpected obstacles such as animals can lead to serious accidents, derailments, and operational disruptions. This paper presents an Embedded IoT Framework for Real-Time Railway Track Integrity Assessment and Obstacle Detection using Arduino Nano. The proposed system integrates an IR sensor for crack detection, an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle identification, a NEO-6M GPS module for location tracking, and an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module for real-time data transmission. The system is mounted on a movable platform driven by BO motors and controlled through an L293D motor driver to perform continuous inspection of railway tracks. Upon detection of a crack or obstacle, an alert is generated through a buzzer, while location details are transmitted to the Blynk application for remote monitoring. The developed framework reduces dependency on manual inspection, improves detection accuracy, enhances operational efficiency, and contributes to safer railway transportation through continuous automated track surveillance and timely fault reporting.

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 Keywords

Railway Track Monitoring, Crack Detection, Obstacle Detection, Arduino Nano, IoT, ESP8266, GPS Tracking, Ultrasonic Sensor, IR Sensor, Blynk Application, Railway Safety, Embedded Systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The 21st century's technological boom has paradoxically fueled lifestyle disorders like dyslipidemia--a major cardiovascular risk factor characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels. Ayurveda, India's ancient health science, views health as complete well-being beyond mere absence of disease. Classical texts describe Shonita Abhishyanda--excess Kapha and Medodhatu in Rasa-Rakta--as a Santarpanajanya Vyadhi matching dyslipidemia's clinical profile. Arising from Virudhahara and over-nourishment, Shonita Abhishyanda causes Srotorodha and progresses to Sthaulya, Hridshula, and Margavarana complications, paralleling hyperlipidemia's atherosclerotic sequelae. This review correlates their etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features, offering an integrative Ayurvedic framework for early detection and holistic lipid disorder management.

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 Keywords

Dyslipidemia, Shonita Abhishyanda, Lipid, Virudhaahara, Santarpanjanya vyadhi.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The automotive B-pillar is one of the most critical structural members in a vehicle body, playing a significant role in occupant protection during side-impact collisions. The present work focuses on the crashworthiness analysis and optimization of an automotive B-pillar using finite element analysis techniques. A detailed B-pillar model was developed and meshed using HyperMesh, while impact simulations were performed using LS-DYNA under dynamic loading conditions. Initially, a baseline B-pillar model was analyzed to evaluate its structural response in terms of displacement, stress, strain, and energy absorption. To improve crash performance and reduce structural weight, a systematic optimization approach was adopted. The study involved material substitution using steel DP1000 steel, aluminium alloy, and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), followed by thickness reduction and slot introduction in low-stress regions. Further design modifications were implemented to enhance stiffness and control deformation. The study highlights the effectiveness of finite element analysis as a cost-effective tool for evaluating and optimizing automotive safety components. The findings provide valuable insights for the development of lightweight and high-performance B-pillar structures capable of meeting modern vehicle safety requirements.

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 Keywords

B-Pillar , side impact, CAE, FEA , Vehicle

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract The study explicates the financial security of rural women by providing guaranteed wage employment and promoting economic independence. The study focusing on the role of the MGNREGA on the financial security of the rural women, focusing on income generation, household expenditure, savings and decision-making power. The findings highlight the participation helps them to increased income stability, improvement in their basic necessities and strengthened women's economic empowerment by increasing their involvement in household financial decision.

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Keywords: MGNREGA, financial stability, savings, decision-making, bargaining power.

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International labor migration has become a defining feature of Nepal's development trajectory, generating substantial remittance inflows that contribute significantly to household livelihoods and the national economy. However, the extent to which remittance-led development translates into sustainable improvements in household well-being remains contested. This study examines the socioeconomic impacts of labor migration on migrant families left behind in Nepal, with particular attention to household vulnerability and institutional responses. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, the research combines quantitative survey data from 400 migrant households with qualitative evidence from six Focus Group Discussions and 18 Key Informant Interviews conducted across Rupandehi, Palpa, and Myagdi districts. The findings demonstrate that while remittances enhance household income, improve access to education and healthcare, and support daily consumption, their developmental potential is constrained by persistent debt burdens, limited productive investment, and continued dependence on overseas employment. The study further reveals that left-behind women experience increased responsibilities in household management, agriculture, and caregiving, often without corresponding gains in decision-making authority. Children and elderly family members face varying degrees of emotional, educational, and care-related challenges associated with prolonged family separation. At the institutional level, local governments possess important mandates to support migrant households, yet their responses remain limited due to resource constraints, competing development priorities, and weak integration of migration concerns into local planning processes. The study argues that remittance-led development alone cannot address the multidimensional vulnerabilities experienced by migrant families. Strengthening institutional capacity, expanding local social protection mechanisms, and promoting productive use of remittances are essential for transforming migration into a more inclusive and sustainable development pathway in Nepal.

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 Keywords

Labor migration; Remittances; Household vulnerability; Institutional capacity; Migration governance; Social reproduction; Gender inequality; Left-behind families; Nepal; Transnational migration; Reintegration; Debt-induced migration

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The interactive linguistic approach is an educational methodology that emphasizes learner-centered, communicative, and interactive language learning. It focuses on authentic communication, collaboration, and learner engagement to develop linguistic skills. Major objective of the study is to find out the effectiveness Interactive Linguistic Approach based instructional package in English on reading comprehension of upper primary school students. Experimental method was adopted for the study. Two group pretest post-test nonequivalent experimental design is used. This study was executed on a sample of 80 upper primary school students. Simple random sampling technique is used for the study. 40 students were selected as experimental group and 40 students were selected as control group. The experimental group was exposed to Interactive Linguistic Approach based instruction while the control group was exposed to activity-oriented instruction. This study concluded that the interactive linguistic approach based instruction is better than activity-oriented instruction for enhancing reading comprehension of students at upper primary level.

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Interactive Linguistic Approach, Reading Comprehension

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Human activity understanding has become a critical area of research due to its wide-ranging applications in healthcare, human-computer interaction, surveillance, and affective computing. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in human movement analysis, gesture recognition, and emotion detection, focusing on both vision-based and sensor-based methodologies. Various data acquisition techniques--such as RGB-D cameras, inertial sensors, electromyography (EMG), and electroencephalography (EEG)--are examined in relation to their role in capturing motion and emotional states. Additionally, we explore classical machine learning and deep learning frameworks employed for feature extraction and classification in each domain. The paper provides a comparative analysis of current approaches, identifies key challenges such as inter-subject variability, real-time processing, and multi-modal data fusion, and outlines future research directions aimed at developing robust and adaptive systems.

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 Keywords

Gesture Recognition, Emotion Detection, Machine Learning, Deep Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Farmers often rely on intermediaries to sell their produce, which reduces their profits and limits their access to larger markets. A web-based digital marketplace enables direct interaction between farmers and buyers, ensuring fair pricing, greater market reach, and transparent transactions. The platform streamlines agricultural trade, reduces supply chain inefficiencies, and helps farmers increase their income while providing buyers with fresh produce at competitive prices. The Farm Management System is a web-based platform designed to digitize and streamline the process of managing farmer information and agricultural products. The system allows users to register, log in securely, and perform key operations such as adding, viewing, editing, and deleting farmer records. Additionally, users can manage agro products by uploading details such as product name, description, and price. The application ensures secure access through an authentication module and maintains transparency with a trigger logging system that records significant actions within the platform. The backend is powered by a MySQL database, integrated through SQLAlchemy ORM in Flask, which handles data storage for users, farmers, farming types, products, and system logs. The use of Flask as the web framework ensures a lightweight, modular, and scalable architecture. The system provides a responsive web interface for ease of use and supports administrative tasks with functionality to manage different farming types and monitor user activity. This system is particularly beneficial in agricultural sectors for maintaining organized and accessible digital records, promoting efficiency, and reducing manual workload. It serves as a foundational tool for smart farming practices and can be expanded in the future with analytics, mobile access, and AI-based crop recommendations.

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 Keywords

MySQL, SQLAlchemy ORM, Farm Management System, AI-based crop recommendations

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