Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Crowd management is a critical aspect of ensuring safety, especially in enclosed environments such as classrooms, offices, and public halls. This study presents the design and implementation of a real-time crowd regulation system using Arduino Uno and IoT cloud integration. The system utilizes two infrared (IR) sensors positioned at entry and exit points to monitor the number of individuals within a confined space. When a person enters or exits, the system updates the internal count accordingly. Once the occupancy reaches a predefined threshold, the entry gate is automatically closed using a servo motor to restrict further access, while the exit remains functional. Real-time data including occupancy count and threshold status is transmitted to the ThingSpeak cloud platform for remote monitoring and analysis. This solution offers a low-cost, automated approach to crowd control, enhancing safety and efficiency in shared spaces by providing accurate, real-time occupancy insights through sensor-driven and cloud-supported architecture.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Crowd Monitoring, Arduino Uno, IoT Cloud, Infrared Sensors, ThingSpeak, Real-Time System, Occupancy Detection, Servo Motor Control, Smart Access Control, Embedded Systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a frequent issue, particularly among middle-aged women. Objective: This study compares the effectiveness of combining Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) with Motor Control Exercise (MCE) against Core Stability Training (CST) in reducing pain and disability in women with CLBP. Methods: Thirty women aged 50-60 years with CLBP were randomly assigned into two groups: PNE/MCE (n=15) and CST (n=15). The intervention lasted eight weeks. Pain and disability were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Results: Both groups improved, but the PNE/MCE group showed significantly greater progress (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of PNE and MCE was more effective than CST alone in addressing CLBP.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords Chronic low back pain, Pain neuroscience education, Motor control exercise, Core stability training, VAS, RMDQ

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, represents a dynamic change that was necessary to enhance the transparency, accountability, and inclusivity of the Waqf Properties' governance. Moreover, with the advent of digitalization and modern and updated technologies, the present bill demands the digitalization of the Waqf property records. Not only this, but restructuring the composition of Waqf Boards, introducing representation for Muslim women and backward communities, was highly commendable work done by this bill. Notably, it permits the inclusion of non-Muslims in Waqf boards, making it more accountable and transparent, restricts the concept of "waqf by user," and applies the Limitation Act, 1963, to claims over Waqf land, which indeed a need of hour so that illegal encroachment and corruption in the name of God and Religion can be reduced to some extent. Though every coin has two sides, certain criticisms are faced by the present bill. Scholars contended that this bill will violate their Freedom of Religion and religious autonomy guaranteed under Article 26 of the Indian Constitution, and this will hamper their private religious spaces and undermine their religious sentiments and values. Legal proceedings have also been instituted, questioning its constitutional validity and religious significance. It is yet to be determined whether the good implication of the bill weighs more on the weak side or vice versa. But whatever the result will be, it must be ensured that it will respect the religious boundaries, autonomy, and well-being of the community and will not hamper justice. This paper examines the objectives, provisions, historical overview, arguments put forward, and implications of the Amendment in detail. It also examines the socio-political implications of the reforms and the emerging concerns of state involvement in the management of religious endowments.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, Waqf properties, Muslim personal law, Waqf Board reforms, religious autonomy, Digitalization, accountability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In today's digital era, social media has become a vital tool for businesses to influence consumer purchasing behaviour. With billions of users on platforms like Facebook and Instagram, marketing strategies on social media directly impact sales and engagement. This study explores how various strategies--such as content marketing, influencer marketing, and paid advertising--shape consumer decisions. Consumer behaviour is influenced by demographics, lifestyle, and culture, and is further shaped by the way brands market on social platforms. Despite growing use, many businesses lack clarity on which strategies are most effective. This research aims to identify the most impactful marketing tactics through a mixed-methods approach, combining literature review, surveys, and expert interviews. The study provides insights for marketers to craft data-driven, consumer-focused strategies. It also helps businesses stay competitive in an evolving digital landscape. Results will guide brands to create targeted campaigns that boost engagement, conversions, and revenue.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

social media marketing , advertisement, marketing strategies,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

We are abandoning our ancient traditions and imitating the West. By immersing ourselves in the world of consumerism, we are extracting natural resources and pushing nature to the path of destruction. But our forefathers have talked about people living in harmony with nature. Environmentalism has always been deeply ingrained in Hindu society, even from the earliest stages of the Hindu civilization. The natural elements that impacted their life were seen by our ancestors as manifestations of the Supreme Being or God, known as Brahman. They were aware of God's presence around them. The current environmental problem deserves a spiritual approach. Now the time has come to bring out those lost cultures and nature and people will live together.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Environment, Pollution, Hinduism, Vedic Philosophy, Awareness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) is a rare, aggressive Grade III primary brain tumor arising from astrocytes. It predominantly affects adults aged 30-50 years and is characterized by increased cellular atypia, mitotic activity, and a high risk of progression to glioblastoma. Genetic alterations, including TP53 mutations, ATRX deletions, and IDH1/IDH2 mutations, significantly influence prognosis. Clinically, patients present with progressive neurological deficits, seizures, and cognitive decline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast serves as the primary diagnostic tool, revealing non-enhancing lesions with variable edema. Histopathological analysis and genetic profiling confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment. Standard management includes maximal surgical resection, followed by radiation therapy and temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Molecular markers and extent of resection impact survival, with IDH-mutant tumors having a better prognosis. Despite advancements, AA remains challenging to treat, necessitating further research into targeted therapies and immunotherapy to improve outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Anaplastic astrocytoma, Grade III glioma, IDH mutation, MRI diagnosis, Glioblastoma.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

To counter the depleting water resources and ill usage of water by identification of the problems, leak points, losses, wastage and giving suggestions to minimize the same. The evaluation of water sources which pumped water throughout the campus was the foremost step of the water audit of the campus and then water meters were installed at suitable distribution points to measure the usage. Water meter indicates the measured value of water usage at that particular location.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Index Terms - Inlet, Outlet, Storages, Water Requirement, Suggestion,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing use of disposable paper cups has led to significant environmental concerns due to their improper disposal and limited recyclability for the paper cup's

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Paper cup waste, solid waste management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive impact assessment of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) initiatives in the Umarpada block of Surat district, Gujarat, aligning with the goals of the National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy (NIPUN Bharat). This study looks at how well children in the Umarpada block of Surat district, Gujarat, are learning basic reading, writing, and math skills - also known as Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN). These skills are very important for young children, especially in classes 1 to 3, because they form the base for all future learning. The study focuses on a tribal area where children often face more challenges in learning. Researcher used different methods like surveys, student assessments, classroom visits, and interviews with teachers and parents to understand what is working and what is not. Based on study findings, Researcher suggest ways to improve learning, especially by helping teachers more, using local languages, and involving the community. This can help all children build strong reading and math skills from the beginning.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN), Learning Outcomes, Impact Assessment, NIPUN Bharat, Early Grade Learning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Menopause marks the end of menstruation, followed by twelve months of amenorrhea, initiating postmenopause. Hormonal and metabolic changes during this transition increase the risk of non-communicable diseases like obesity, hypertension, and osteoporosis. Lifestyle factors such as poor sleep, physical inactivity, psychological distress, and also quality of diet elevate these risks. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 postmenopausal women using structured interviews, standardized tools, self-designed questions, and clinical assessments. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results showed that menopausal symptoms (p=0.009), sleep quality (p=0.016), and psychological distress (p=0.001) were statistically significant with blood pressure. Similarly, menopausal symptoms (p=0.015), sleep quality (p=0.001), and psychological distress (p=0.005) were significant with BMI. Participants showed high intake of sweetened beverages, salty snacks, and fried items. Participants with normal BMI had higher Diet Quality Score (p=0.001). BMI was negatively correlated with intake of protein (r=-0.215), calcium (r = -0.283), and iron (r = -0.310), while calcium (r = -0.207) intake was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, study demonstrates that lifestyle factors such as sleep, psychological distress levels and quality of diet significantly influence the risk of obesity and hypertension during the postmenopausal phase.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Postmenopause, Obesity, Hypertension, Lifestyle factors, Quality of diet

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition