Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Temple mural art in India represents a rich tradition of visual storytelling that combines religion, culture, history, and artistic expression within sacred architectural spaces. These murals served not only as decorative elements but also as important communication tools that conveyed mythological narratives, philosophical teachings, moral values, and social traditions to devotees and the general public. This study explores the narrative techniques employed in Indian temple mural art and examines how storytelling is achieved through composition, symbolism, color schemes, gestures, expressions, and sequential visual arrangements. The paper focuses on prominent mural traditions from regions such as Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, and the Ajanta caves, each of which reflects unique regional aesthetics, religious influences, and historical contexts. The study highlights how mural artists effectively transformed temple walls and ceilings into narrative spaces capable of educating and emotionally engaging viewers regardless of literacy levels. Particular attention is given to the use of continuous narration, iconography, spatial organization, and symbolic color representation as methods of visual communication. In addition to their artistic value, temple murals also function as cultural archives that document historical lifestyles, rituals, costumes, music, dance, and socio-political structures of different periods in Indian history. The paper further discusses the contemporary relevance of temple mural traditions in the fields of visual communication, digital storytelling, heritage studies, and cultural preservation. It also addresses the challenges faced in conserving mural heritage due to environmental damage, modernization, and inadequate restoration practices. The study concludes that Indian temple murals remain an enduring example of how visual art can effectively communicate complex narratives, preserve cultural memory, and continue to influence modern artistic and media practices

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 Keywords

Temple mural art, visual storytelling, Indian art, narrative painting, temple culture, mural traditions, visual communication

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Plant diseases are responsible for major agricultural losses worldwide and directly affect food security, farmer income, and crop quality. Conventional disease diagnosis methods depend largely on visual inspection and laboratory-based testing, which may be time consuming and require expert knowledge. Recent progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and Internet of Things technologies, has significantly improved plant disease detection systems. AI-driven approaches provide rapid, accurate, and automated identification of diseases under laboratory and field conditions. This review summarizes recent advances in AI-based plant disease detection including machine learning algorithms, convolutional neural networks, transfer learning, hyper spectral imaging, drone-based surveillance, smart phone applications, and IoT-enabled monitoring systems. The paper also discusses major datasets, challenges in practical implementation, limitations under field conditions, and future research opportunities. AI-based plant pathology tools have strong potential to support precision agriculture, sustainable disease management, and global food security.

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Artificial Intelligence, Plant Disease Detection, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Precision Agriculture, Computer Vision, CNN, Smart Farming

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Storyboards are important tools in filmmaking because they help directors visualize scenes before shooting begins. In Indian cinema, the use of storyboards has evolved gradually due to technological growth, industrial development, and changing filmmaking styles. Early Indian filmmakers relied more on oral narration, theatre traditions, and improvisation rather than detailed visual planning. Over time, storyboards became an important part of film production, especially in action films, animation, and visual effects-heavy cinema. This study examines the historical evolution of storyboarding in Indian cinema from the silent era to the digital age. The research is based on secondary sources such as books, journals, interviews, and film studies literature. The study identifies five major stages in storyboard evolution: the silent era, studio era, post-independence realism, commercial expansion, and contemporary digital cinema. The findings show that Indian cinema developed unique storyboard practices by combining traditional storytelling methods with modern digital technologies. Today, digital pre visualization, animations and AI-assisted tools have transformed storyboard production and filmmaking workflows in India

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Storyboard, Indian Cinema, Bollywood, Pre visualization, Visual Storytelling, Digital Cinema

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Body scrub is a semi-solid cosmetic product that is widely employed to cleanse, exfoliate, and revitalize the skin. Exfoliation is crucial for maintaining healthy skin, as it helps remove accumulated dead cells from the stratum corneum, thereby improving texture, tone, and general appearance. In recent years, growing consumer concerns about the adverse effects of synthetic chemicals present in commercial formulations have driven a significant increase in demand for natural and herbal cosmetics. In the present study, natural ingredients including sugar, aloe vera gel, coconut oil, body wash, freeze-dried strawberry powder, rose essential oil, vitamin E, and distilled water were selected for the formulation and evaluation of a herbal body scrub. Each component was chosen based on its functional properties: sugar serves as a natural exfoliant with humectant activity; aloe vera gel provides soothing, calming, and moisturizing benefits; coconut oil acts as an emollient with antibacterial properties; body wash constitutes the mild cleansing base; freeze-dried strawberry powder contributes antioxidant properties and gentle exfoliation; rose essential oil enhances aroma and provides antimicrobial effects; and vitamin E functions as a natural antioxidant preservative. Four batches (B1-B4) were prepared, with Batch 4 representing the optimized standard formulation. The prepared scrub was systematically evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, spreadability, texture, homogeneity, washability, viscosity, stability, irritation, particle size, and extrudability. Test results demonstrated that Batch 4 (standard) exhibited optimal characteristics across all evaluation criteria, including a skin-compatible pH of 5.5, smooth uniform texture, excellent spreadability, and full stability under all tested storage conditions. The study thereby confirms that the herbal body scrub is a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective alternative to synthetic cosmetic formulations.

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Herbal Body Scrub o Natural Exfoliation o Aloe Vera o Coconut Oil o Strawberry Powder o Physicochemical Evaluation o Cosmetic Formulation o Green Pharmacy

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Life itself is a deception--a self-delusion. Life is a strange world. Within ordinary events, there lies an inherent perspective. What appears worthless from a common viewpoint is the artistic essence of his stories. Like the works of Kafka, Camus, and Sartre, his stories create a vast world of loneliness.

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Mirage/Illusory, Fire, Restlessness, Glimmering/Firefly, Betel-chewer.

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Email: prof.sbose595@gmail.com Abstract The IT sector today has problems of work-life balance as workload and other pressures are on the rise. This paper focuses on the issues of work-life balance of the IT professionals, deadlines and crunch culture. The objective of the study should be to find the effect of workload and deadlines on employees' health, to find the effect of stress and burnout and to find the effect variables of job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The rationale for mixed method research was because it was quantitative (based on the survey questions of 200-250 IT professionals in Indian metros of Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Pune) and qualitative (interviews). The relationships determined were through the statistical methods of descriptive and regression analysis. The results show that work load, deadlines and the crunch culture impact the work life imbalance and lead to stress and burnout. Also, work life imbalance and reduction in job satisfaction and turnover intention is seen. The research paper concludes that to enhance health and reduce turnover of IT professionals, companies need to adopt flexible work practices, time and stress management and support programs by investing in their human resource.

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Keywords: Work-Life Balance, IT Sector, Project Deadlines, Crunch Culture, Job Stress and Employee Well-being.

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Abstract: Social Realism and Empiricism When reality merged with an empirical perspective, it took the form of social realism. Within literary description, empiricism firmly established its position. It was a new version of realism. The core principles of empiricism are accuracy, adequacy, and truth. In order to lead society onto the right path, it is essential for literature to possess, portray and foster all these qualities.

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Mental arithmetic / Mind-map. A traditional arithmetic / Mind-map. A traditional decorative pillar or stack (often used in rituals or rural architecture). Greenery / Verdancy. Butea monosperma. Pandemic / Epidemic.

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Federated Learning allows collaborative model training without sharing raw data, making it ideal for privacy-sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) settings. However, deploying it in real-world scenarios is tough due to differences between devices, limited energy resources, and risks like model poisoning. These challenges create a difficult balance between efficiency, reliability, and model performance. This paper presents a unified orchestration framework for federated learning in a serverless edge-to-cloud environment. The framework includes two main parts. First is an energy-aware client selection mechanism called Adaptive Client Triage (ACT). It assesses devices based on energy levels, computing power, and data relevance to improve training efficiency and speed. Second is a Hybrid Security Aggregation (HSA) protocol. This combines lightweight statistical filtering at the edge with additive homomorphic encryption for safe aggregation in the cloud. This approach boosts protection against harmful updates while keeping overhead low. The system is built using a serverless architecture that spreads computation across edge and cloud resources to enhance speed and reduce costs. Experiments on the FEMNIST dataset show that the framework significantly cuts overall energy use and maintains strong model accuracy, even when facing adversarial attacks. It outperforms traditional federated learning methods.

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Federated learning, edge computing, serverless architecture, client selection, homomorphic encryption, IoT systems

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Haemophilia is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that significantly impacts the sufferer physically, physiologically, emotionally, socially, mentally, financially and psychologically. This blood borne disease becomes more challenging specifically for learners in higher education and with this condition. The learners have to go through numerous academic hurdles raised by frequent bleeding episodes and associated gaps in their academic journey. Moreover, at such a crucial stage , concern for future aspirations, personal goals, physical constraints , financial loads, and social exclusion lead to psychological distress and emotional breakdowns. In coping up with these situations, the support systems of the haemophilic learners which includes their parents, teachers, siblings, peers etc play significant roles, not only by providing care and compassion but as social and financial support to the haemophilic learners. The present study explores the role of parents as a primary support system for haemophilic learners. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews from parents of haemophilic learners. An inducto-deductive thematic analysis was employed to identify both pre-constructed and emergent themes. The findings revealed that parents play multifaceted roles including those of caregivers, supporters in emotional breakdowns, educational facilitators, and social advocates. Despite challenges such as financial burden and debts, lack of awareness, social stigma for the disease, psychological stress, parents actively devote themselves to ensuring continuity in education and overall well-being of their children. The study highlights the need for institutional and government support along with awareness programs to enhance parental capacity and inclusive education practices.

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Haemophilia, parental support, caregivers, educational facilitators, parental awareness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition