Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The aim of the present study is to investigate mathematical mistakes related to definite integration committed by Yashwantrao Chavan Polytechnic students at First Year Diploma Level in their academic. For this study 69 students from first year diploma classes were chosen randomly. The samples of this study were collected from the test attempted by the participants. The following are the primary difficulties that students face while solving definite integration problems; didn't get the basics, had trouble choosing how to solve, relied on memory, didn't do enough practice, time was a problem

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 Keywords

Definite Integration problems, Problem-Solving, Conceptual Understanding, Time Management.

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In India Parliamentary Privileges have become the "Democles swords" which hang over those whose business it is to write on proceedings of the legislatures. The Non codification of privileges causes confusion and violates the freedom of speech and expression. There are several instances after independence of India, It has been seen that parliamentary privileges has been misused for example: In 2017, two senior scribes of Kannada tabloids were jailed for the breach of privileges of the state assembly. Other instances is The Blitz case (1951) The search light case (1959), Kesav singh case and the hindu case (2003) etc. The concept of parliamentary privileges has been taken from UK but it is quite incumbent to know that the situation of UK is very different. Firstly in UK Parliament is Sovereign but in India Sovereignty lies in the people of India, In Britain Law can be enacted through simple majority only and there is no as such judicial review but In India Judicial review is the basic structure of the constitution and there are certain laws enacted through special majority and special majority with ratification. Through this research paper Researcher is going to analyse the concept of Parliamentary Privileges of India, UK, Australia and New Zealand.

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Privileges of Member of Parliament in India: A comparative Study with UK, Australia, New Zealand and Canada.

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Suryabala Ki Kahaniyo Me Nari Savedna : Ek adhayan

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Suryabala Ki Kahaniyo Me Nari Savedna : Ek adhayan

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Probe for the Web is a Linux-based vulnerability assessment tool designed to enhance the security of web applications by analyzing their source code. Using a command-line interface (CLI), it accepts a website URL as input and conducts a thorough code review. The tool employs static code analysis and pattern matching techniques to detect common vulnerabilities such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), SQL Injection, and Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR). Upon completing the scan, Probe for the Web generates a detailed report highlighting identified vulnerabilities, their severity levels, and specific mitigation steps. This comprehensive reporting enables developers and security teams to prioritize and address risks effectively, strengthening the application's overall security posture. Built exclusively for Linux environments, the tool ensures seamless integration with major Linux distributions by utilizing Linux-specific libraries and scripting languages. Rigorous testing guarantees its performance, stability, and compatibility across different platforms. By providing actionable insights and detailed vulnerability assessments, Probe for the Web serves as a valuable resource for organizations and developers committed to proactive web application security.

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Cyber security, vulnerability, penetration testing, website scanning.

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Abstract This study explores the perception of online shopping behavior among the consumers of HO tribe in Jharkhand, focusing on their intentions and engagement with online shoping platforms. Using an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) integrated with elements from the Information Adaptation Model, this research examines key factors influencing online shopping decisions. The study specifically investigates the impact of perceived usefulness, digital skills, perceived ease of use, and trust on online purchase intentions among HO tribal consumers in the West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, India. A convenience sampling method was employed to collect data from 200 respondents, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted using Smart PLS 4.0 to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that perceived usefulness, trust, and digital skills significantly shape consumers' willingness to engage in online shopping. Moreover, consumer behavior was found to mediate the relationship between these factors and purchase intentions. The model demonstrates a strong fit, validating its effectiveness in explaining online shopping behavior among this indigenous group. The insights from this study are valuable for e-commerce platforms and policymakers aiming to improve digital inclusion and enhance the online shopping experience for HO tribal consumers. Tailored strategies, such as digital literacy initiatives and trust-building measures, can foster greater engagement with e-commerce, ultimately benefiting both consumers and businesses.

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 Keywords

consumer perception ,online shopping behavior, Technology Acceptance Model, e-commerce, digital skills, purchase intention, HO tribe

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Before performing blood transfusions in severe situations, blood group detection is necessary. It is done before a blood transfusion in an emergency or when checking a person's blood group for donation. Currently, lab personnel perform tests manually in the laboratory. This takes time and may result in human mistake when determining blood type. The goal of the study survey is to use image processing to reduce the amount of physical labor required to identify blood groups. The presence or absence of agglutination reaction of blood with antigen will be used to determine the blood group.

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Blood transfusion, Blood group detection, Image processing, Agglutination reaction, Antigen, Blood sample analysis

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Teacher educators are the backbone of the society. In this present study researchers try to find out their job satisfaction. Researchers used stratified random sampling technique for sample selection. The data has been collected from teacher educators by the questionnaire. Some statistical techniques have been used for data analysis such as Mean, SD, t-test. It has been found that teacher educators satisfied in their job.

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Job satisfaction, Teacher-Educators', B.Ed.

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Advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have significantly improved multilingual communication through machine translation, text-to-speech conversion, and cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) [1]-[5]. Various approaches, including rule-based and statistical models, enhance translation accuracy and language identification [6]-[8]. Neural machine translation (NMT) and deep learning techniques further refine speech recognition and sentiment analysis [9]-[12]. Structural differences in languages, such as Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) versus Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order, influence translation efficiency [13]-[16]. Additionally, AI-driven systems contribute to real-time speech synthesis and automated text processing [17]-[19]. This paper consolidates research on multilingual NLP applications and proposes improvements in translation models for better contextual understanding. Future work will focus on optimizing neural translation frameworks for enhanced accuracy and adaptability [20]-[22].

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Speech-to-Text (STT), Text-to-Speech (TTS), Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Neural Machine Translation (NMT), Speech Synthesis

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The present study was designed to investigate seasonal variations in haematological parameters in the blood of Barilius bendelisis. Significant seasonal variations in the number of Red blood cells (RBC) and White blood cells (WBC), Haemoglobin concentration(Hb.C), Packed cell volume(PCV), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), and Mean corpuscular Haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). In normal higher values of RBC dependent parameters viz. TEC, HB.C and PCV were noticed during the Rainy Season, Summer Season and Winter Season. White blood cells on the other hand showed gradual decline during the Rainy Season, Summer Season and Winter Season. The proportions of different leucocytes though variable but lymphocytes have been recorded to be the main contributor to TLC fluctuations. Thrombocyte count was significantly higher during the Rainy Season and Summer Seasons. Relation between seasonal changes in environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen with various blood parameters has been discussed.

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Seasonal, haematological parameters, and Barilius bendelisis.

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This paper examines the paradoxical phenomenon of "kidnapping cooperatives in a cooperative manner," where democratic principles are subverted for self-interest, undermining the cooperative ethos. It analyzes the theoretical underpinnings, including cooperative governance, agency theory, and power dynamics, highlighting how these are exploited. A comprehensive literature review explores elite capture, information asymmetry, political interference, and regulatory weaknesses. The study uses descriptive methodology, drawing from primary and secondary sources, to illustrate the issue with Indian cooperative fraud cases. It reveals a significant number of defunct and liquidated cooperatives, emphasizing the financial and social costs. The paper proposes recommendations for strengthening governance, promoting transparency, and fostering member engagement to safeguard cooperative integrity. It also highlights the Indian governments recent cyber security initiatives to protect cooperative financial institutions.

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Cooperative Governance, Elite Capture, Fraud, Information Asymmetry, Member Participation, Regulatory Weakness

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