Volume 12 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The social entrepreneurs consider solving the social problem first rather than minting profits Khan, Magd, Shamsi, & Masoom, (2022). Social entrepreneurship, characterized by its unwavering commitment to equitable solutions, emerges as a powerful force in this first objective. With its dedication to providing opportunities and a platform for marginalized and underserved populations, it becomes the catalyst for social justice. Through tailored interventions and inclusive approaches, social entrepreneurs not only address existing disparities but also nurture the inherent potential within these communities. Social entrepreneurs utilize novel ideas and innovations to bring about substantial transformations in the production of goods and services, as well as the operational strategies of their enterprises. Throughout history, numerous individuals have emerged as social entrepreneurs and innovators Glancey & Quaid, (2000). The primary objective of the study is to emphasize on social entrepreneurship which is not just a response to immediate challenges but also a means to foster empowerment, resilience, and collective agency among those historically disenfranchised. The second critical objective is to recognize the social entrepreneurship as a harbinger of innovation and sustainability. By promoting collaboration across sectors and harnessing resourceful strategies, social entrepreneurs ignite a sustainable path forward. The present study asserts that social entrepreneurship extends beyond the alleviation of symptoms as it tackles the root causes of multifaceted problems, laying the groundwork for enduring change.

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 Keywords

Entrepreneurship, Society, empower

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In human-computer interaction and emotional analysis, accurately understanding feelings in real-time is crucial but challenging. Existing systems often struggle with interpreting facial expressions, causing errors in user interactions. Our solution integrates efficient face detection using the Haar Cascade Classifier with a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in TensorFlow for swift and accurate emotion deciphering. This fusion combines the Haar Cascade Classifier's face detection proficiency with the CNN model's speed and accuracy in emotion recognition, resulting in a notable 84.57% accuracy improvement. Our goal is to develop a real-time system that reliably identifies emotions on faces, enhancing empathetic and responsive interaction between humans and computers. This holistic approach advances emotional analysis in human-computer interactions, aiming for more intuitive systems that can facilitate personalized user experiences.

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 Keywords

Human-computer interaction, Emotional analysis, Real-time understanding, Facial expressions, Face detection, Haar Cascade Classifier, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), TensorFlow, Emotion deciphering, Accuracy improvement, Real-time emotion identification, Empathetic interaction, Personalized user experiences.

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Secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, play a crucial role in the medicinal properties of plants. These bioactive compounds exhibit significant therapeutic potential by targeting various biological pathways. This study focuses on the qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites present in the leaf extracts of selected medicinal plants and compares their antibacterial activities. The research involves the extraction of bioactive compounds using standard procedures, followed by phytochemical screening to identify the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and other metabolites. The antibacterial activities of the extracts are evaluated against selected pathogenic bacterial strains using methods such as the disc diffusion assay. Comparative analysis highlights the variations in metabolite composition, providing insights into their antimicrobial efficacy. This approach underscores the practical applications of identifying potent metabolites for therapeutic use. The findings provide insights into the potential use of these plants in the development of natural antibacterial agents, paving the way for alternative therapies and contributing to the understanding of plant-based medicinal compounds. The study focuses on traditional medicinal plants, which are a key part of India's rich heritage of traditional knowledge. The use of plants in medicine has been deeply embedded in Indian culture, particularly in practices like Ayurveda and Siddha. By investigating secondary metabolites in these plants, the study is drawing on ancient knowledge that has been passed down through generations, connecting the research to Indian Knowledge Systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Secondary metabolites, Phytochemicals, Medicinal plants, Antimicrobial activity

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This study investigates the narrative aesthetics that define modern Arabic fiction, focusing on how innovative storytelling techniques have shaped literary expression from the early twentieth century to the contemporary period. It examines the evolution of narrative structure, voice, temporality, and point of view as Arab novelists engaged with social, political, and cultural transformations. Through close textual analysis of selected works by writers such as Naguib Mahfouz, Tayeb Salih, Ghassan Kanafani, and Hanan al-Shaykh, the research highlights how narrative experimentation--fragmentation, interior monologue, met fiction, and nonlinear time--became a vehicle for articulating identity, memory, exile, and resistance. The study also explores the influence of global literary movements and local cultural traditions on shaping these narrative forms. By integrating narratology, stylistics, and postcolonial perspectives, the research offers a comprehensive critical understanding of how modern Arabic fiction constructs meaning aesthetically and thematically. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that narrative aesthetics function not merely as artistic technique but as a dynamic space where writers negotiate modernity, challenge conventions, and expand the expressive possibilities of the Arabic novel.

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 Keywords

Narrative aesthetics, Modern Arabic fiction, Narratology, Identity and modernity, Narrative experimentation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

For over a century, oil has been the lifeblood of global power struggles, fueling wars, alliances, and economic upheavals. This paper delves into the intricate tapestry of oil geopolitics, from early 20th-century colonial scrambles to the resilient markets of Q1 2024. Blending historical narratives with cutting-edge quantitative insights--including production trends, demand forecasts, price volatility correlations, and advanced econometric models like wavelet quantile correlations and vector error correction--we uncover how OPEC's dominance, supply shocks, and energy transitions have reshaped the world. With a spotlight on India, a vulnerable giant that imports over 88% of its crude, we explore adaptations amid Russia-Ukraine sanctions, Middle East tensions, and renewable energy shifts. Drawing on EIA, IEA, and PPAC data up to March 2024, this analysis reveals a market evolving toward diversification and resilience, offering critical lessons for importers navigating an uncertain future.

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 Keywords

Oil Geopolitics, OPEC+ Strategies, Energy Transition, Import Dependency, Spare Capacity, West Asia.

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Mental health and happiness have increasingly emerged as central concerns in organisational studies, with higher education institutions representing a unique and often under-examined domain. This paper reviews and critically analyses research on the mental health and happiness of university employees, with a special focus on findings from recent empirical work in West Bengal. Drawing upon theories of wellbeing, workplace psychology, and organisational behaviour, the review situates university employees' experiences within broader discourses on employee welfare and institutional development. The paper highlights how structural conditions--such as job designation, gender, contractual status, and workload--mediate variations in mental health outcomes and perceived happiness. Notably, it revisits the paradoxical negative correlation between mental health and happiness identified in the West Bengal study, positioning it against global scholarship where positive associations typically dominate. Methodological considerations, policy implications, and contextual factors such as socio-cultural expectations, resource constraints, and post-pandemic pressures are foregrounded. By consolidating insights from Indian and international studies, this review underscores the urgent need for integrated wellbeing frameworks in higher education. It concludes with recommendations for policy reform, organisational interventions, and directions for future research that could advance a holistic understanding of employee wellbeing in the academic sector.

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 Keywords

Mental health, Happiness, Higher education, Workplace wellbeing, University employees, India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which a person has high blood sugar level because either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or cells do not respond to it. Diabetes mellitus is of three types. Type 1 or Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 or Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes. The Siddha system of medicine is the oldest traditional treatment system generated from Dravidian culture. In Siddha system of medicine, many single and polyherbal formulations and higher medicines like parpam, chendooram and chunnam have been practiced to cure or control Diabetes mellitus from time immemorial. It is caused by the deficiency or ineffective production of insulin by pancreas which results in increase or decrease in concentrations of glucose in the blood. There are lots of chemical agents available to control and to treat diabetic patients, but total recovery from diabetes has not been reported up to this date. In this article antidiabetic activity of Amla, Baheda, Jamun, Karela, Nut Tree, Smilex China are worked on Streptozocin induced Diabetic in mice.

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Glucose, Diabetes, Herbal, Insulin, Blood. antidiabetic activity of Amla, Baheda, Jamun, Karela, Nut Tree, Smilex China

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The general perception about the period of Ritikaavya has been that its totality is limited within the boundaries of Shringar Rasa.But when we look at the poetry of Ghanananda, this conclusion gets deeper that here Shringar (love) is only a cover, within it lies the soul's deep pain, compassion, separation and spiritual yearning.In the presented research paper, Ghanananda's poetry has been analyzed from a multidimensional aesthetic perspective, in which the coordination of language, emotion, symbolism, religiosity and philosophy has been kept at the center.

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The aesthetic aspect of Ghanananda's poetry: a critical study

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Aarakshit Varg Ke Vidhyarthiyo Ki Adhayan Aadato Per Social Media Ke Prabhav Ka Adhayan

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Aarakshit Varg Ke Vidhyarthiyo Ki Adhayan Aadato Per Social Media Ke Prabhav Ka Adhayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ITDAs as nodal Tribal Development Agency were set up during the 5th Five Year Plan Period.It began with thedevelopment of tribes through five year plans, bringing them to the mainstream of Indian society and culture. Most of the development programs failed to achieve theexpected results. Further, after the 1990's, the process of globalization has in fact put the tribes of India in a rather difficult situation. Undoubtedly some among have becomes elites; but by and large the poverty situation has worsened among them.About the historical aspects relating to the emergence ofPaderu ITDA, the Paderu division, multi-purpose block was inaugurated in 1956. It was converted into a tribal development block in 1962. The Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) Paderu, Vishakhapatnam District, is a society registered on 20 February, 1975 under the society's registration Act XXI of 1869 and started functioning from 4 December, 1975.

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 Keywords

ITDAs, Tribal development block in 1962, The Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) Paderu, the society's registration Act XXI of 1869& Started functioning from 4 December, 1975.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition