Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Mob Lynching is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a group. Mob Lynching is the act which involves a group (or mob) taking collective action. The mob bypasses the legal process, acting as the judge, jury, and executioner. The individual or group being targeted is often accused of a crime or socially condemned action, without substantial proof. The consequences of mob lynching include violence, public disorder, and violation of human rights. Often, mob lynching is motivated by allegations of theft, religious or caste-based discrimination, or personal vengeance. Victims are usually subjected to physical violence, leading to severe injuries or death. A Supreme Court bench, headed by former Chief Justice Deepak Misra, termed incidents of mob lynching in India as 'horrendous acts of mobocracy' and observed that individual citizens cannot take law into their hands. The bench, while directing Parliament to draft a new legislation to effectively deal with incidents of mob lynching, told the Centre and state governments to take preventive measures to control the spread of messages on social media platforms which can incite a mob to lynch. Still a question arises in my mind, can it be controlled in any way?

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 Keywords

Mob, Lynching, Judicial activism, Punitive Measures.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's fast-paced urban lifestyle, traditional fueling methods often cause inconvenience due to long queues and restricted operating hours at fuel stations. On-Demand Fuel Delivery (ODFD) systems offer a transformative alternative by bringing fuel directly to users' vehicles at any location. This paper presents the design and development of an ODFD system integrating IoT, GPS tracking, and secure digital payments. Using a combination of mobile application interfaces and backend logistics optimization, the proposed model enhances user convenience, safety, and operational efficiency. This solution also supports sustainability efforts by optimizing fuel distribution and reducing unnecessary vehicular movement. In addition, the system offers scalable integration with existing fuel logistics frameworks, reducing the operational burden on fuel stations. The use of predictive analytics enables the anticipation of peak demand zones, ensuring timely service. Real-time monitoring further boosts safety through alerts for anomalies like fuel leakage. The model supports both B2B and B2C use cases, extending applicability to fleet management as well as individual users. With secure transactions and regulatory compliance, the proposed solution aims to revolutionize last-mile fuel delivery.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fuel Delivery App , Smart Fuel Distribution , GPS Tracking ,Mobile Application Development, Real-Time Tracking Route Optimization, Secure Payment Integration ,Cloud Data Management ,Predictive Maintenance ,Fuel Supply Chain ,Safety Protocols in Fuel Delivery ,Customer Satisfaction, Logistics and Transportation ,Smart Fueling Station ,Energy Efficiency ,Sustainable Fuel Delivery Solutions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sangeet Martand Pandit Jasraj ji had developed and introduced a unique concept in Indian classical Jugalbandi music called Jasarangi Jugalbandi which involves a jugalbandi between a male and a female artist. Each artist performs a different Raag in two different scales but in their natural pitches. This concept revives the ancient technique of moorchana, where the Shadaj- Madhyam or Shadaj- Pancham samvad prevalent between the tonal reference notes of the two Raags play a pivotal role. The two Raags sung as an integrated performance maintain their own identity yet are in unison. Every Raag has a different emotional landscape which conveys its mood and is called the Bhaav, which is unique for every Raag and is showcased by the artist through intricate ornamentations and adherence to proper Raag grammar. The continuous and emotive rendition of notes of any Raag play an essential role in depicting the Bhaav of a Raag, termed Naad Kadi or Swar Lagav. During the performance of Jasrangi Jugalbandi the use of Naad Kadi plays a very important role to create the unique Bhaavs of both the Raags. Jasrangi Jugalbandi thus results in a complimentary performance where two distinct emotional landscapes of two Raags merge to evoke a third unified mood. This paper explores the importance and significance of Raag Bhaav in the performance of Jasrangi Jugalbandi Gayan.

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 Keywords

Jasrangi Jugalbandi Gayan, Moorchana, Raag Bhaav.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The proposed system delivers an all-in-one solution for the accurate detection and treatment of plant diseases. It leverages advanced image processing to examine plant images and precisely identify a wide range of plant ailments. By integrating real-time weather data, the system also accounts for environmental factors that may influence plant health. Upon identifying a disease, the system provides comprehensive details about the condition, including its symptoms, underlying causes, and effective treatment strategies. It also recommends appropriate pesticides, offers usage instructions, and provides links for convenient online purchasing. This holistic approach enables users to manage plant health proactively and reduce the risk of further damage.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Precision agriculture, multi-model system, crop recommendation, plant disease detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

: Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems in developing countries like India face challenges in security, scalability, and data integrity. This paper proposes a blockchain-based framework to enhance EHR systems with secure, tamper-proof data storage. The framework ensures privacy-preserving authentication and controlled access to patient records. Doctors can generate and store health data securely in the system. Blockchain's transparency and immutability help build trust in healthcare data management. This approach offers a scalable and reliable solution for modernizing EHR systems

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Electronic Health Records (EHR) , Blockchain Technology, Data Privacy , Decentralized Storage , Access Control , Smart Contracts

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Despite constitutional and legal safeguards, atrocities against Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) continue to be widespread in India. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the constitutional provisions, statutory frameworks, and case law that address atrocities against these marginalized communities. The analysis highlights the challenges in implementation, the role of key legal provisions, and the need for reforms to ensure effective justice. In doing so, it underscores the persistent gaps between legal safeguards and ground-level realities.

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Legal Framework and Constitutional Safeguards Against Atrocities on Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India: A Critical Analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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As the global shift toward cleaner energy accelerates, the adoption of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES)--which integrate solar photovoltaics (PV), wind power, thermal generators, and battery energy storage systems (BESS)--has become increasingly prevalent. One of the foremost challenges in managing these systems lies in optimizing their operation amid variable weather patterns and fluctuating energy demand, particularly across different seasons. This review provides an in-depth exploration of optimal power flow (OPF) strategies for HRES, focusing on advanced optimization techniques such as Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The study also highlights the complementary role of demand response (DR) in improving system adaptability and cost-effectiveness. The operational value of BESS is underscored in applications like energy arbitrage, peak demand management, and renewable energy stabilization during periods of intermittency. Furthermore, the review discusses the application of simulation platforms like MATLAB/Simulink to model and analyze real-time control scenarios. Results from reviewed studies demonstrate that integrating intelligent control algorithms for coordinating renewable and conventional sources significantly enhances system performance, improves reliability, and lowers operational expenses.

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 Keywords

Hybrid Renewable Energy System, Battery Energy Storage System, Optimal Power Flow, Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, Particle Swarm Optimization, Seasonal Variation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The effectiveness of grounding systems is vital for electrical safety, especially when facing earth fault incidents. This research explores how urban and rural grounding configurations respond differently to single line-to-ground faults by Ensuring modeling two distinct types: grid-based systems for urban setups and rod-based systems for rural ones. The simulations incorporate variable factors such as soil resistivity, electrode layout, and spacing. Results show that urban installations benefiting from well-structured grounding grids and lower soil resistivity demonstrate better control over fault energy and provide safer voltage levels during faults. In contrast, rural systems often suffer from elevated soil resistivity and minimalistic designs due to budget limitations, resulting in higher ground resistance and increased safety concerns. This study stresses the importance of adaptive grounding strategies, particularly for rural settings, and showcases how simulation tools can guide safer, more efficient grounding practices tailored to environmental and infrastructural needs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Grounding system, Earthing, Urban vs. rural installation, Electrical safety, MATLAB Simulation, Earth fault Simulation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Innovative multimetallic nanoparticles (NPs), comprising two or more metals arranged in alloy or core-shell configurations, have gained considerable attention for their distinctive functionalities. The synergistic interplay between various metals enhances their multifunctionality and efficacy. With the growing need for versatile and efficient nanoparticle agents, multimetallic NPs are particularly gaining popularity. These integrate various functional materials to achieve tailored size, structure and multiple functionalities. Compared to monometallic counterparts, bimetallic and trimetallic NPs often demonstrate improved chemical, optical, biomedical applications due to the synergistic effects. These applications span various medical fields such as antibacterial treatments, anticancer therapies, biological imaging and drug delivery. This review presents a focused look at bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) and trimetallic nanoparticles (TNPs) synthesised from plant extract and their biomedical applications--antimicrobial, anticancer, wound healing and diabetes management--showing significant feature enhancements over monometallic nanoparticles and other current biomedical nanomaterials.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Green synthesis, plant-based synthesis, bimetallic nanoparticles, trimetallic nanoparticles, bio medical applications

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Muslims of Kerala adopted several visual art forms from folk culture, Hinduism and other religions and sects. They adopt it and make suitable changes. Of the several art forms of Kerala, popular among the Muslims are: Kolkali, Vattakali, Parichamuttu Kali, Qisa Patt, Jinn Padappatt and Oppana. Kolkali is widespread in Kerala. It is related to Kalarippayattu. It is a folk art performance in Kerala. It begins with the holy prayer and praises God (Allah). Most of the time, the number of performers are under sixteen. The dance performers move in a circle, striking small sticks and keeping rhythm with special steps. The circle expands and contracts as the dance progresses. The accompanying music gradually rises in pitch and the dance reaches its climax. Participants wear different costumes unlike the Hindus and there is no traditional lamp in the middle. Many of the body postures, choreography and foot work of the Kolkali characters are taken directly from Kalarippayattu. The origin of the art can be traced back to ancient days when Kalarippayattu. Both primary and secondary data are used for the study. Qualitative analysis as used as the methodology of the study. In the present scenario the folk culture is coming back to the above said community in new style, that's why the present study is significant in its nature.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Kolkali, Oppana, Kalaripayattu,Thadavu, Qiza

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition