Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Abstract: In an increasingly interconnected world, the diplomatic and economic policies of developed nations play a crucial role in shaping global stability and peace. In 2025, these policies are driven by a mix of geopolitical interests, economic competition, and multilateral cooperation. This paper explores the dominant strategies adopted by major developed countries, including the United States, the European Union, China, and other economic powerhouses, in addressing international conflicts, trade relations, climate change, and security concerns. It examines how protectionist measures, foreign aid, strategic alliances, and economic sanctions impact global peace and stability. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the effectiveness of multilateral institutions in mitigating tensions and fostering cooperation. By assessing recent trends and policy shifts, this study provides insights into how the economic and diplomatic decisions of developed countries influence global order and whether they contribute to long-term peace or exacerbate divisions.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Diplomacy, Economic Policies, Global Peace, Developed Countries, Geopolitics, Trade Relations, Strategic Alliances, Economic Sanctions, Multilateral Cooperation, International Stability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Crowdfunding platforms face challenges such as high fees, lack of transparency, and centralized control. This paper presents a Web3-based decentralized crowdfunding platform leveraging Ethereum-based smart contracts, MetaMask wallet connectivity, and ThirdWeb for contract management to enhance security, transparency, and efficiency. The system automates fund collection, milestone tracking, and refunds, ensuring trustless and secure transactions. The project employs Solidity for smart contract development, React for frontend, and Node.js with Express for backend infrastructure. Our approach demonstrates how blockchain-based crowdfunding eliminates intermediaries, reduces costs, and increases trust between project creators and contributors.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

- Blockchain, Web3, Crowdfunding, Smart Contracts, Ethereum, Decentralized Finance (DeFi), MetaMask, ThirdWeb

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research article examines the intricate portrayals of female identity and oppression in Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale (1985) and Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things (1997). Both novels serve as critical commentaries on the systemic constraints imposed by patriarchal structures and societal expectations that strip women of their autonomy. Atwood's dystopian narrative presents a future where women's bodies are commodified and controlled by a totalitarian regime, exemplified through the character of Offred, who grapples with her identity amidst extreme oppression and the loss of personal agency. Conversely, Roy's narrative unfolds in postcolonial India, focusing on Ammu and her twins, Estha and Rahel, as they navigate the rigid caste and gender norms that dictate their lives, revealing the complexities of love and familial bonds in a repressive society. The analysis highlights the significance of female solidarity and the internalized misogyny that complicates women's struggles for agency, demonstrating how women can both resist and perpetuate their own oppression. Through their respective journeys, both authors illustrate the transformative power of love and connection in reclaiming identity and resisting societal constraints. The paper argues that true empowerment lies in challenging patriarchal norms and embracing individuality, regardless of the cultural and historical legacies that shape women's experiences. Ultimately, The Handmaid's Tale and The God of Small Things underscore the ongoing fight for gender equality and the necessity of recognizing diverse identities within feminist discourse, advocating for a more inclusive understanding of women's experiences in literature and society.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Female Identity, Patriarchy, Oppression, Solidarity, Feminism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Inflammation is a complex biological response to harmful stimuli, playing a crucial role in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. Medicinal plants have long been a source of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, offering promising alternatives to synthetic drugs. This review explores the molecular mechanisms through which plant-derived compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, modulate inflammatory pathways. Special emphasis is placed on their interaction with key inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, transcription factors, and eicosanoids. Additionally, the classification and mechanisms of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are discussed to highlight the potential of phytochemicals in developing novel anti-inflammatory therapies. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern pharmacological advancements, plant-based compounds present an innovative approach to inflammation management, warranting further research and clinical validation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Anti-inflammatory, Phytoconstituents, Medicinal Plants, Inflammation Mediators, Drug Development, AI Applications

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores the new dimensions of mythology aiming at the globalization of Vedic legacy as depicted in Devdutt Pattanaik's Myth = Mithya: A Handbook of Hindu Mythology. It illustrates the resistance of power dynamics by celebrating the mythology of colonized nation like India. Pattanaik makes ancient stories relevant to a wide range of readers by utilizing approachable language, comparative mythology, and modern interpretations. It explores how he navigates the complexities of presenting culturally specific concepts to a global audience, balancing authenticity with the need for broader understanding. The paper argues that Pattanaik's approach facilitates a dialogue between cultures, fostering appreciation for Vedic traditions while also acknowledging the potential for misinterpretation or appropriation. By examining specific examples from Myth = Mithya, this research aims to understand how Pattanaik's work contributes to the globalization of Vedic legacy, shaping contemporary understandings of Hindu mythology and its place in the world.

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 Keywords

Vedic legacy, Globalization, Mythology, Devdutt Pattanaik, Myth = Mithya, Cultural dialogue.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper has been carried out in the framework of Vladimir Propp's 'Theory of Folktales'. Vladimir Propp's theory has been used to find if the tales of Burhi Aair Sadhu by Laxminath Bezbarua have any narrative and cultural similarities with universal folktales as stipulated by Propp. This research investigates thematic similarities in the tales from a universal point of view; whether the tales' morphological functions are in the same manner as Propp presented or they have variations in narrative structure. The paper undertakes a case study of the text and examines three tales to show how the functions of folktales do not follow the exact morphological sequence and this variation takes place due to different cultural values. The author's choice of sequence is another reason for the variation. The case study demonstrates how Assamese folktales can be of value in understanding peripheral regional literature narrative structure from a cultural perspective. The intention of this research is not to establish a different set of functions for folktales or to segregate the text from mainstream folktale texts. This study shows how the author built a cultural utopia for children and how the translator transmitted it to another language.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Folktale, Assamese folktales, morphology of folktales, children's text

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Smart Crop Protection System harnesses IoT technology to revolutionize modern farming by integrating multiple sensors and automation tools for crop safety and operational efficiency. This system employs Arduino as the core controller, connecting components such as DHT11 for environmental monitoring and a fire sensor for hazard detection. The PIR sensor ensures field security by detecting intrusions, while the APR9600 voice module deters animals with pre-recorded sounds. The Wi-fi module notifies farmers of potential threats in real-time. With a water pump controlled via relay and powered by Power supply, the system supports sustainable agriculture, offering a comprehensive and automated solution to protect and nurture crops.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IoT, Crop Protection, Arduino, LCD, Ultrasonic sensor, PIR sensor, Fire sensor, Wi-fi module, DHT11, Relay, Buzzer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

: The development of technology is evident in the modern world. Artificial intelligence is a feature of modern machines. This project also uses artificial intelligence in a minor way. This project shows how to use a camera to track finger movements in computer windows and how to use a single finger movement to manage the entire system. With the advancement of augmented reality technology and the gadgets we use on a daily basis, Bluetooth and wireless technology are becoming more and more common. This article presents an intelligent virtual mouse that uses gestures and hand gestures to perform computer mouse operations using computer vision. The main purpose of this application is to perform computer mouse cursor functions and scrolling functions using a webcam or computer's built-in camera instead of using a traditional mouse. Hand and finger pointing using computer vision according to HCI. With the AI virtual mouse system, we can use the built-in camera or webcam to follow finger movements and play games. When using a wireless or Bluetooth mouse, some accessories are included, such as the mouse, a dongle to connect to the computer, and batteries to power the mouse, but for this message the user is using the built-in pin video or use the webcam and use gestures to control the computer mouse. In the planning process, the webcam captures and captures images, then recognizes various gestures and gestures and then performs special mouse operations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mediapipe, Autopy, GUI, gestures, OpenCv.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rise of AI-generated voices has blurred the line between synthetic and human speech, raising concerns in areas such as voice authentication, media integrity, and human-AI interaction. This project aims to develop a deep learning-based system capable of distinguishing between AI- generated and real human voices from uploaded MP3 files. Leveraging advanced text-to speech models like Tortoise TTS to generate AI voice samples, these are compared to real human voice recordings collected from public datasets. Audio features such as Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), pitch, and spectral contrasts are extracted using the Librosa library, and a Random Forest classifier is trained to recognize patterns that differentiate AI from human voices. The system will be deployed through a user-friendly web interface where users can upload audio files and receive a classification indicating whether the voice is AI-generated or human. Future expansions include real- time detection, support for multiple languages, and the integration of voice emotion analysis, offering practical applications in securing voice-based systems and maintaining the authenticity of audio content.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI- generated, Deep Learning, Real-time detection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research examines the phytochemical content and antimicrobial properties of Azadirachta indica, Phyllanthus niruri, and Ocimum gratissimum. Phytochemical analysis showed the plants contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds in different levels. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli & Staphylococcus aureus by the disc diffusion method. The findings show that each of the three plants has remarkable antimicrobial activity, with Neem showing maximum activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The research brings out the possibility of using these plants as natural sources of antimicrobial compounds and supports their use in medicine.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity,Azadirachta indica, Phyllanthus niruri, Ocimum gratissimum, medicinal plants.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition