Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

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This study has been undertaken to investigate the determinants of stock returns in Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) using two assets pricing models the classical Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory model. To test the CAPM market return is used and macroeconomic variables are used to test the APT. The macroeconomic variables include inflation, oil prices, interest rate and exchange rate. For the very purpose monthly time series data has been arranged from Jan 2010 to Dec 2014. The analytical framework contains.

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Prof. N.V.PATIL

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There are innumerable life skills. Some are specific to certain situations while others are of a generic in nature. Based on various theoretical perspectives, as well as intervention and training in this area across cultures, a core set of ten generic life skills are identified which are basic to every culture and can be used for promotion of psychosocial health in children and adolescents. These skills include decision making, problem solving, empathy, self awareness, communication, interpersonal relationship, coping with emotions, coping with stress, creative thinking and critical thinking. Across cultures life skills education is similar in three important ways. First the most important aspect is learning of life skills which are essentially those abilities which help promote mental well being. Since independence, nearly all commissions and committees on school education have consistently emphasized the paramount importance of fostering a scientific attitude among students. Recognizing the pivotal role of science in driving progress and innovation, these bodies have underscored the need for educational systems to cultivate curiosity, critical thinking, and a spirit of inquiry from an early age. By instilling a scientific attitude, students are encouraged to approach learning with an open mind, question established beliefs, and seek evidence-based explanations.

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life skill education , prospective teachers, scientific attitude , arts, science.

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Robert J. Sternberg's concept of transformational creativity represents a significant advancement in the study of creative cognition. It moves beyond traditional notions of novelty and appropriateness to propose creativity as a reconstructive and paradigm-shifting phenomenon. This paper offers a comprehensive theoretical analysis of Sternberg's notion, situating it within his Propulsion Model of Creative Contributions (Sternberg, 1999) and connecting it with his broader Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg, 1985), Investment Theory of Creativity (Sternberg & Lubart, 1991), and WICS model (Sternberg, 2003). Drawing from cognitive, socio-cultural, and philosophical perspectives, the paper elaborates on how transformational creativity transcends adaptation to become a vehicle of epistemic transformation, ethical imagination, and educational reform. The discussion concludes by positioning transformational creativity as a bridge between cognitive science, moral reasoning, and future-oriented education. Transformational creativity. A new and useful way to determine the creative process. It is a deliberate and spontaneous wisdom-based entity to produce new things which are socially relevant. One of the important research projects conducted by Sternberg. In recent days this concept is called transformational giftedness. Sternberg says that the concept of transformational creativity is derived from Transformational giftedness. (Sternberg, 2024). It is a purposeful integration of creativity and wisdom (we can smell the balance theory of wisdom) to produce novel and useful ideas in the social contexts.Sometimes creativity is harmful and destroys the existing conditions of the socio- personal context that is called malignant creativity or malevolent . It is a toxic creativity which is harmful disturbing and disapproved. Transformational creativity is opposite from that it is a deliberate process of manifesting the possibilities. We can correlate Swami ji's Idea that "manifestation of perfection".It is also different from the tit for tat creativity or short term creativity. Because it integrates wisdom on and value. It is a radical application of transformative Paradigm and the concept of Praxis (Action, reflection and transformation)

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transformational creativity, epistemic transformation, Investment Theory of Creativity, WICS model

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Swadhyay ka Yogic Sadhana mein Mahatva: Patanjali Yog Sutra ke Sandarbh mein

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Yog Sutra

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Background: Kustha is a chronic dermatological disorder described in Ayurveda as a Chirakari Vyadhi involving vitiation of Tridosha with predominant affliction of Tvak, Rakta, Mamsa, and Lasika. A key factor in its Samprapti is Kleda, the fluid functional component of the body, which when vitiated (Vikrita Kleda), accumulates in Jaliya Dhatus and leads to clinical manifestations such as Kandu, Srava, Vivarnata, and chronic inflammation. Although classical texts emphasize this role of Kleda, its clinical assessment has largely remained subjective and insufficiently correlated with objective markers. Aim: To establish Kusthagata Vikrita Kleda as a definable etiopathological entity in Kustha and to explore its correlation with laboratory parameters. Materials and Methods: An observational clinical study was conducted on 100 patients (20 each of Prameha, Sthoulya, Sotha, Kustha, and Vrana). Assessment of Vikrita Kleda was done using classical Lakshanas supported by laboratory investigations including TLC, ESR, and CRP. Presence of Vikrita Kleda was considered when four or more classical features were observed. Results: Kustha patients showed prominent Kleda Lakshanas, with Kandu in 80%, Daha in 50%, Anga Vivarnata in 35%, and Srava sahita Kandu in 30% of cases. Laboratory evaluation revealed elevated ESR in 70% and CRP in 55% of Kustha patients, indicating persistent inflammatory activity and Ama involvement, while 20% showed raised TLC suggestive of immune-mediated pathology. Conclusion: The study provides objective clinical and laboratory evidence that Kusthagata Vikrita Kleda is a measurable and significant etiopathological factor in Kustha.

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Kustha, Kleda, Vikrita Kleda, Kusthagata Vikrita Kleda, ESR, CRP

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The purpose of this study is to compare public and private institutions of higher education (HE) with respect to quality of education (QE). The study comprises both empirical aspects by examining a wide range of variables such as Academic Performance Score, Infrastructure Score, Governance Score, Teaching Effectiveness, Faculty Qualification, Administrative Support, Curriculum Quality, Career Support and Stakeholder Satisfaction in Surat city of Gujarat, and subjective insights regarding the perceived strengths and weaknesses of public and private institutions, particularly with reference to learning environment, institutional growth and overall educational effectiveness. Statistical techniques like Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used to examine differences in QE and stakeholder's satisfaction across public and private institution. The results demonstrate significant differences between both institutions. Private institutions excelled in infrastructure and modern teaching methods, while public institutions stood out for affordability and faculty expertise. An ordinal regression model was used to identify predictors of perceived QE, with ridge regression addressing multicollinearity among variables. Infrastructure, teaching effectiveness, curriculum quality and administrative support emerged as the strongest predictors of overall QE across institutions. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and educators, highlighting areas needing strategic focus to enhance QE and competitiveness in both sectors.

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Quality of education; Public universities and private universities; Higher Education; Surat City.

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Actinobacteria are a diverse group of Gram-positive, filamentous microorganisms known for their remarkable ability to produce industrially valuable enzymes and natural pigments. The present investigation aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate pigment-producing Actinobacteria from soil and sediment samples collected from the Kumbharwada wetland region of Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. Isolation was carried out using Gause's Synthetic Agar(GSA), resulting in a total of 23 anctinobacterial isolates, of which 13 exhibited distinct pigment production. Morphological and microscopic observations confirmed by typical morphological characteristics. Biochemical characterization using the Triple Sugar Iron(TSI) test revealed carbohydrate fermentation without gas or hydrogen sulphide production. Enzymatic screening demonstrated significant extracellular enzyme activity, including amylase, gelatinase and pectinase production, highlighting the biocatalytic potential of the isolates. Pigments were extracted using ethyl acetate and analysed using spectrophotometrically in the range of 400-800nm, revealing diverse absorption maxima indicative of different pigment types. The findings suggest that the Kumbharwada wetland is a rich reservoir of pigment-producing Actionbacteria with potential applications in food, textile, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological industries. The study emphasizes the potential of naturally derived microbial pigments and enzymes as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic counterparts.

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Actinobacteria, pigment production, extracellular enzymes, amylase, gelatinase, pectinase, TSI test, UV-Vis spectroscopy.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that often results in foot complications. Effective foot care is vital to prevent adverse outcomes, and nurse ministered interventions such as integrated foot care bundles have shown promise in improving patient health.To assess the effectiveness of a nurse-administered integrated foot care bundle on physical and physiological outcomes among patients with chronic diabetes mellitus in a selected hospital at Coimbatore..A one-group pretest & posttest design was conducted among 60 patients, assessing knowledge, physical outcomes (skin, nails, deformities, footwear), and physiological outcomes (FBS, PPBS, HbA1C) before and after the intervention, with data analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Chi-square tests.Post-intervention, 61.7% achieved excellent knowledge scores. Significant improvements were observed in physical outcomes (skin, nails, footwear, deformities) p<0.001) and physiological outcomes (FBS, PPBS, HbA1C) (p>0.05.The Nurse-Ministered Integrated Foot Care Bundle was highly effective in enhancing knowledge, improving physical outcomes, and controlling physiological outcomes among chronic diabetes mellitus patients. Nurse-Ministered Integrated Foot Care Bundle educational interventions play a critical role in preventing diabetes- related foot complications and promoting self-care practices.

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Diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot care, nurse ministered integrated foot care bundle

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This study investigates Eco Lite Bricks, a novel construction material composed of cement, glass powder, waste plastic powder, and a foaming agent. These bricks offer better insulation, lower density, and a sustainable waste management solution [1].Previous studies have shown the advantages of using a variety of waste materials in the production of bricks, including their mechanical and physical qualities as well as their environmental impact. In order to offer a viable and long-term solution for the environment, this study reviews the use of waste materials in the production of bricks [3].The problems with waste management and the environment are driving up demand for sustainable building materials.The brick business, which is notorious for producing a lot of waste and having a high carbon footprint, is looking at more environmentally friendly options. A study created "green bricks" by adding plastic trash from post-consumer waste as an extra component. Compared to conventional clay bricks, the green bricks were stronger and more durable, and their manufacture produced less waste[4].In order to combat environmental pollution, preserve resources, and advance sustainability, recycling plastic waste is essential. It is feasible to lessen the negative consequences of plastic trash while generating new chances for innovation and economic expansion with the development of recycling technologies and raised awareness [7].The study assesses several manufacturing processes, material compositions, and performance attributes and finds that waste valorization significantly lowers resource consumption and carbon emissions [8]. An inventive method of waste management and resource conservation is the use of agro-industrial waste as a substitute raw material in the production of bricks. The feasibility of producing bricks from agro-industrial wastes such fly ash, bagasse, rice husk ash, and other byproducts is examined in this study [9].The current work's primary goal is to investigate ways to reduce pollution. The strength fluctuation in brick was noticed in the current investigation when waste materials were substituted for clay [10].

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Keyword:- Eco friendly; Foaming agent; Waste plastic powder.Bricks, Fly ash, Marble sludge, granite sludge, stone sludge, Ceramic sludge, RiceHusk ash.

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A marriage is considered to be holy union regardless of their nature. The paper explores and examines the status of same sex marriage in India and International legal regime. The recognition of same sex marriage in India is evolving and complex issue and raises host of legal and regulatory questions that sits at intersection of constitutional law, prevailing social values, human right issues and cultural norms. The research work situates India position within broader global context and comparing it with various jurisdiction that recognizes same sex union. The study dwells on recent developments, future course of action and particularly examining the flexibility across Indian legal system alongside religious, cultural, and moral arguments. Same-sex marriage in India remains a complex and evolving socio-legal issue that highlights the country's ongoing struggle between traditional values and modern principles of equality, liberty, dignity and human rights.

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Same sex marriage, LGBTQ+Community, Civil union

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