Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Kusta is the general term used in Ayurveda to denote diseases of skin. Padadari is one among such disease which has been included under the heading of Kshudra Kusta mentioned by Acharya Susrutha. It is characterized by Padayok Kuruthe Dari (cracks in the feet), Sa-ruja (associated with pain) and Ruksha(roughness and dryness of the sole) It affect the individual because of unstable life style, dietary pattern, stressful life. Vata, Kapha and Pitta/Rakta vitiation are major cause in its manifestation. In present case report a patient with complaint of dryness and cracking of both soles associated with bleeding and pain since 3 years. The subject was treated with Ayurvedic line of management and found significant improvement in the signs and symptoms of Padadari within 45 days of treatment.

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 Keywords

PADADARI, AYURVEDA, SHAMANOSHADHI, CRACKED FEET

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The Indian automotive sector is witnessing a transformative shift towards electric vehicles (EVs), driven by concerns over sustainability, fuel costs, and energy efficiency. However, challenges such as range anxiety, high initial costs, and insufficient charging infrastructure continue to hinder the widespread adoption of EVs. This study explores consumer preferences for electric and fuel-powered vehicles in Coimbatore, focusing on factors like cost efficiency, environmental impact, and government policies. Using data collected from 263 respondents, the research examines the impact of income, age, and gender on EV adoption attitudes. The findings indicate no significant association between income or age and preferences for EVs. Gender, however, shows a notable difference in the perception of government investment in EV infrastructure, with males expressing stronger support. Despite these variations, the overall consumer response to EV adoption is relatively consistent. The study suggests that EV adoption initiatives should target broad demographics and prioritize the expansion of charging infrastructure. Additionally, both male and female consumers should be engaged in discussions about EV infrastructure development to foster a more sustainable and inclusive transportation ecosystem. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and marketers aiming to accelerate EV adoption in Coimbatore and similar urban settings.

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 Keywords

Indian Automotive Sector, Electric Vehicles (EVs), Fuel-powered Vehicles, Consumer Preferences, Cost Efficiency, Environmental Impact, Government Policies, EV Adoption, Charging Infrastructure, Range Anxiety, Initial Costs, Income and EV Adoption, Age and EV Adoption, Gender and EV Infrastructure, Sustainability

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This study explains Trent Limited, a prominent retail arm of the Tata Group, has demonstrated strong financial performance in recent years, making it a standout in India's competitive retail sector. The company has achieved consistent revenue growth, driven by the success of its popular brands like Westside and Zudio, which cater to affordable, trendy fashion. Trent's strategic store expansions and focus on customer-centric offerings have significantly boosted its market presence. Despite challenges such as economic fluctuations and shifting consumer behavior, the company has maintained healthy profit margins through efficient cost management and operational excellence. Its ability to adapt to market trends, including the growing demand for online shopping, has further strengthened its financial position. Trent's performance reflects a blend of innovation, strategic planning, and execution, making it a resilient and growth-oriented player in the retail industry. This financial stability and growth trajectory make Trent an excellent case study for understanding successful retail management in a dynamic market.

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JEL Classification Code: D6, D60.

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Benchmarking is a systematic process of comparing an organization's performance metrics, processes, and practices against industry standards or best practices to identify areas for improvement. This paper explores the concept of benchmarking, its types, methodologies, and its role in driving organizational excellence. Through case studies and statistical analysis, the paper highlights the benefits and challenges of benchmarking and provides recommendations for effective implementation.

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Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Case Studies, Discussion

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Background: Substance abuse among students, particularly those in healthcare disciplines, is a growing public health concern. Pharmacy students, despite their knowledge of drug safety and adverse effects, remain vulnerable to substance abuse due to academic stress, peer influence, and easy access to medications. This study investigates the prevalence and patterns of substance abuse among pharmacy students and examines associated risk factors. Aim & Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence, patterns, and motivations for substance abuse among pharmacy students. It also seeks to identify the impact of academic pressure and social influences on substance use and explore potential intervention strategies. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Loknete Shri Dada Patil Pharate College of Pharmacy, Pune pharmacy students. A pre-tested, self-administered online questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic details, substance use patterns, frequency of use, motivations, and side effects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, with chi-square tests applied to assess associations between substance use and various factors. Results: Among 200 participants, 29% reported substance use, with alcohol (88%) being the most commonly used substance, followed by tobacco (52%) and marijuana (31%). Substance use was more prevalent among males (p < 0.001) and students aged 20-25 years (p = 0.002). Key motivators included peer pressure (52%), stress (45%), and academic pressure (31%). Significant associations were observed between substance use and adverse effects such as sleep disorders (21%) and nausea (17%). Conclusion: The study highlights a concerning prevalence of substance abuse among pharmacy students, primarily influenced by peer pressure and academic stress. Targeted interventions, including awareness campaigns, counseling services, and institutional policies, are essential to mitigate risks and promote healthier coping mechanisms. Addressing these concerns will help ensure the development of responsible and ethically sound healthcare professionals.

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Substance Abuse, Pharmacy Students, Academic Stress, Peer Influence

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Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) represent one of the most dynamic and sensitive sectors of the Indian economy due to their significant contributions to employment and exports. This paper examines the various challenges faced by MSMEs in India through an analytical approach based a sample study. The research focuses on MSME units in Mukkam Municipality, Kerala, using a well-structured questionnaire for data collection. In addition to tabular analysis, statistical tools such as cross-tabulation and the Pearson chi-square test are used to interpret the data. The study reveals that many entrepreneurs have limited access to capital and tend to concentrate on the manufacturing sector. The key findings highlight the scarcity of service sector enterprises and the financial difficulties commonly encountered by most businesses in this municipality.Moreover, government policies significantly influence the performance of this sector. A lack of awareness about the available opportunities within the MSME sector also poses a considerable challenge.

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 Keywords

Method of production process, Natures of enterprises , Nature of product,Type of banks providing loans,Wage rate system, Selling methods, Marketing support from government.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Access to affordable housing finance remains a significant challenge in rural India, particularly for the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) and Low-Income Groups (LIG). Despite government initiatives like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), rural borrowers face difficulties due to lack of formal income documentation, high credit risks, and limited banking infrastructure. This study, conducted in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, examines the interest rates, fees, and challenges faced by borrowers in obtaining home loans. Using chi-square and ANOVA tests, the findings reveal that occupation influences loan application experiences, while age significantly impacts the understanding of loan terms and approval complexity. Older borrowers struggle more with these processes compared to younger ones. The study suggests enhancing financial literacy, simplifying loan procedures, and providing personalized support to improve accessibility. By adopting these measures, financial institutions can bridge the housing finance gap in rural areas.

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 Keywords

Housing finance, Affordable housing, Rural India, Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), Low-Income Groups (LIG), Loan application process, Financial institutions, Housing loan challenges

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: This paper sheds light on the courageous life of Bibi Basant Lata, a devoted Sikh woman who played a crucial role in the Sikh resistance against the Mughal Empire during Guru Gobind Singh's era (1666-1708 CE). Through a critical examination of historical sources, this research reveals Bibi Basant Lata's bravery, strategic thinking, and devotion to the Sikh cause. Her contributions, including providing shelter and support to Sikh warriors, demonstrate the significant role women played in the Sikh struggle for freedom and survival. This study aims to recover Bibi Basant Lata's story, highlighting her unsung heroism and the importance of women's participation in shaping Sikh history.

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Keywords: Bibi Basant Lata, Guru Gobind Singh, Sikh resistance, Mughal Empire, women's history, Sikhism.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research article explores the perceptions of Mathematics teachers regarding the challenges and strategies involved in teaching secondary and higher secondary school students. Mathematics, often perceived as a complex and abstract subject, poses unique pedagogical challenges. This study aims to shed light on the experiences, attitudes, and strategies of teachers who navigate the intricacies of teaching mathematics to students at this crucial stage of their education.

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Mathematics, Perception of teacher, Current Syllabus.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Let f be a function from the vertices of G to {0,1} and for each edge xy assign the label |f (x) - f (y)|. The function f is called cordial labeling of G if the number of vertices labelled 0 and the number of vertices labelled 1 differ by at most 1, and the number of edges labelled 0 and number of edges labelled differ at most by 1. In this paper, we have proved that Pentagonal snake graph, Ice - cream graph, Alternative pentagonal snake graph admit cordial labeling.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cordial labeling, Ice - cream graph, Pentagonal snake graph, Alternative pentagonal snake graph.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition