Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Background: Kustha is a chronic dermatological disorder described in Ayurveda as a Chirakari Vyadhi involving vitiation of Tridosha with predominant affliction of Tvak, Rakta, Mamsa, and Lasika. A key factor in its Samprapti is Kleda, the fluid functional component of the body, which when vitiated (Vikrita Kleda), accumulates in Jaliya Dhatus and leads to clinical manifestations such as Kandu, Srava, Vivarnata, and chronic inflammation. Although classical texts emphasize this role of Kleda, its clinical assessment has largely remained subjective and insufficiently correlated with objective markers. Aim: To establish Kusthagata Vikrita Kleda as a definable etiopathological entity in Kustha and to explore its correlation with laboratory parameters. Materials and Methods: An observational clinical study was conducted on 100 patients (20 each of Prameha, Sthoulya, Sotha, Kustha, and Vrana). Assessment of Vikrita Kleda was done using classical Lakshanas supported by laboratory investigations including TLC, ESR, and CRP. Presence of Vikrita Kleda was considered when four or more classical features were observed. Results: Kustha patients showed prominent Kleda Lakshanas, with Kandu in 80%, Daha in 50%, Anga Vivarnata in 35%, and Srava sahita Kandu in 30% of cases. Laboratory evaluation revealed elevated ESR in 70% and CRP in 55% of Kustha patients, indicating persistent inflammatory activity and Ama involvement, while 20% showed raised TLC suggestive of immune-mediated pathology. Conclusion: The study provides objective clinical and laboratory evidence that Kusthagata Vikrita Kleda is a measurable and significant etiopathological factor in Kustha.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Kustha, Kleda, Vikrita Kleda, Kusthagata Vikrita Kleda, ESR, CRP

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The purpose of this study is to compare public and private institutions of higher education (HE) with respect to quality of education (QE). The study comprises both empirical aspects by examining a wide range of variables such as Academic Performance Score, Infrastructure Score, Governance Score, Teaching Effectiveness, Faculty Qualification, Administrative Support, Curriculum Quality, Career Support and Stakeholder Satisfaction in Surat city of Gujarat, and subjective insights regarding the perceived strengths and weaknesses of public and private institutions, particularly with reference to learning environment, institutional growth and overall educational effectiveness. Statistical techniques like Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used to examine differences in QE and stakeholder's satisfaction across public and private institution. The results demonstrate significant differences between both institutions. Private institutions excelled in infrastructure and modern teaching methods, while public institutions stood out for affordability and faculty expertise. An ordinal regression model was used to identify predictors of perceived QE, with ridge regression addressing multicollinearity among variables. Infrastructure, teaching effectiveness, curriculum quality and administrative support emerged as the strongest predictors of overall QE across institutions. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and educators, highlighting areas needing strategic focus to enhance QE and competitiveness in both sectors.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Quality of education; Public universities and private universities; Higher Education; Surat City.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Actinobacteria are a diverse group of Gram-positive, filamentous microorganisms known for their remarkable ability to produce industrially valuable enzymes and natural pigments. The present investigation aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate pigment-producing Actinobacteria from soil and sediment samples collected from the Kumbharwada wetland region of Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. Isolation was carried out using Gause's Synthetic Agar(GSA), resulting in a total of 23 anctinobacterial isolates, of which 13 exhibited distinct pigment production. Morphological and microscopic observations confirmed by typical morphological characteristics. Biochemical characterization using the Triple Sugar Iron(TSI) test revealed carbohydrate fermentation without gas or hydrogen sulphide production. Enzymatic screening demonstrated significant extracellular enzyme activity, including amylase, gelatinase and pectinase production, highlighting the biocatalytic potential of the isolates. Pigments were extracted using ethyl acetate and analysed using spectrophotometrically in the range of 400-800nm, revealing diverse absorption maxima indicative of different pigment types. The findings suggest that the Kumbharwada wetland is a rich reservoir of pigment-producing Actionbacteria with potential applications in food, textile, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological industries. The study emphasizes the potential of naturally derived microbial pigments and enzymes as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic counterparts.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Actinobacteria, pigment production, extracellular enzymes, amylase, gelatinase, pectinase, TSI test, UV-Vis spectroscopy.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that often results in foot complications. Effective foot care is vital to prevent adverse outcomes, and nurse ministered interventions such as integrated foot care bundles have shown promise in improving patient health.To assess the effectiveness of a nurse-administered integrated foot care bundle on physical and physiological outcomes among patients with chronic diabetes mellitus in a selected hospital at Coimbatore..A one-group pretest & posttest design was conducted among 60 patients, assessing knowledge, physical outcomes (skin, nails, deformities, footwear), and physiological outcomes (FBS, PPBS, HbA1C) before and after the intervention, with data analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Chi-square tests.Post-intervention, 61.7% achieved excellent knowledge scores. Significant improvements were observed in physical outcomes (skin, nails, footwear, deformities) p<0.001) and physiological outcomes (FBS, PPBS, HbA1C) (p>0.05.The Nurse-Ministered Integrated Foot Care Bundle was highly effective in enhancing knowledge, improving physical outcomes, and controlling physiological outcomes among chronic diabetes mellitus patients. Nurse-Ministered Integrated Foot Care Bundle educational interventions play a critical role in preventing diabetes- related foot complications and promoting self-care practices.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot care, nurse ministered integrated foot care bundle

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates Eco Lite Bricks, a novel construction material composed of cement, glass powder, waste plastic powder, and a foaming agent. These bricks offer better insulation, lower density, and a sustainable waste management solution [1].Previous studies have shown the advantages of using a variety of waste materials in the production of bricks, including their mechanical and physical qualities as well as their environmental impact. In order to offer a viable and long-term solution for the environment, this study reviews the use of waste materials in the production of bricks [3].The problems with waste management and the environment are driving up demand for sustainable building materials.The brick business, which is notorious for producing a lot of waste and having a high carbon footprint, is looking at more environmentally friendly options. A study created "green bricks" by adding plastic trash from post-consumer waste as an extra component. Compared to conventional clay bricks, the green bricks were stronger and more durable, and their manufacture produced less waste[4].In order to combat environmental pollution, preserve resources, and advance sustainability, recycling plastic waste is essential. It is feasible to lessen the negative consequences of plastic trash while generating new chances for innovation and economic expansion with the development of recycling technologies and raised awareness [7].The study assesses several manufacturing processes, material compositions, and performance attributes and finds that waste valorization significantly lowers resource consumption and carbon emissions [8]. An inventive method of waste management and resource conservation is the use of agro-industrial waste as a substitute raw material in the production of bricks. The feasibility of producing bricks from agro-industrial wastes such fly ash, bagasse, rice husk ash, and other byproducts is examined in this study [9].The current work's primary goal is to investigate ways to reduce pollution. The strength fluctuation in brick was noticed in the current investigation when waste materials were substituted for clay [10].

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keyword:- Eco friendly; Foaming agent; Waste plastic powder.Bricks, Fly ash, Marble sludge, granite sludge, stone sludge, Ceramic sludge, RiceHusk ash.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A marriage is considered to be holy union regardless of their nature. The paper explores and examines the status of same sex marriage in India and International legal regime. The recognition of same sex marriage in India is evolving and complex issue and raises host of legal and regulatory questions that sits at intersection of constitutional law, prevailing social values, human right issues and cultural norms. The research work situates India position within broader global context and comparing it with various jurisdiction that recognizes same sex union. The study dwells on recent developments, future course of action and particularly examining the flexibility across Indian legal system alongside religious, cultural, and moral arguments. Same-sex marriage in India remains a complex and evolving socio-legal issue that highlights the country's ongoing struggle between traditional values and modern principles of equality, liberty, dignity and human rights.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Same sex marriage, LGBTQ+Community, Civil union

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The research examines how cryptocurrency and central bank digital currency adoption affects international trade USD usage through changes in payment infrastructure and trade speed and financial access for different population segments and regulatory frameworks. The research uses an extended Gravity Model of Trade together with panel data which draws from IMF World Bank BIS and WTO public databases to study trade patterns from 2015 through 2025. The study includes digital currency integration as a variable together with demographic structure and trade policy as conditioning factors. The research findings show that digital currencies help reduce banking settlement challenges through atomic transactions which reduces the need for USD as a payment vehicle in specific trade routes. The statistical data indicates that substitution effects become substantial when economies contain both youthful residents and effective regulatory frameworks. The value of dollars as a storage asset continues to dominate because of how currency reserves function and the benefits which come from being part of a large financial network. The research indicates that de-dollarization exists as a partial currency substitution process which results from technological advancements and population spread across different areas. The research establishes a single analytical system which unites digital finance with population dynamics and trade governance to study international macroeconomics.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital currencies, CBDCs, de-dollarization, global trade, Gravity Model, demographics, payment systems

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Pelvic Organ Prolapse is one of the common Gynecological morbidities among women which compromise the quality of their lives. Pelvic Organ Prolapse is not the problem for old ladies only. In fact, it is estimated that Fifty percent of women of childbearing age will experience some level of Pelvic organ prolapse. DESIGN: One group pre-test post-test pre experimental design was selected for this study. SUBJECTS: The samples were 60 women aged between 20 to 45 years from selected urban area of Bangalore. METHOD: A purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples for the study. DATA COLLECTION TOOL: A self instructional module and structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data from the subjects. DATA ANALYSIS: The obtained data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and interpreted in terms of objectives and hypothesis of the study. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level. RESULTS: The result showed during pre-test that majority (73.3%) had inadequate knowledge and only few (26.7%) had moderate knowledge and none of them had adequate knowledge regarding uterine prolapse. A significant gain in the knowledge level (t=26.98, p<0.05, 59df) is found after the administration of SIM. Pre-test knowledge level of women regarding uterine prolapse was significantly associated with their age (?2=6.37), family income/month (?2=10.97) and number of children(?2=7.90) at 0.05 levels of significance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

uterine prolapse; self-instructional module; Prevention of uterine prolapse; women aged between 20 to 45 years; selected socio demographic variables; selected urban area; pre experimental study; one group pre-test and post-test design.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Children constitute a vital segment of society and represent the cornerstone of national development. The manner in which a nation safeguards the rights and welfare of its children is a significant indicator of its social, legal, and moral progress. This paper examines the evolution and scope of child welfare laws across different jurisdictions, with a particular focus on international conventions and legal frameworks designed to protect children from exploitation, abuse, neglect, and discrimination. It analyses key global instruments such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international protocols that establish minimum standards for child protection and holistic development. The study further explores the role of national legislations in aligning domestic child welfare mechanisms with international commitments, highlighting comparative approaches adopted by various countries. By emphasizing the importance of legal safeguards, policy interventions, and institutional support systems, the paper underscores the necessity of a rights-based and child-centric legal framework. The research concludes that effective implementation of child welfare laws, supported by international cooperation and sustained policy reforms, is essential to ensure the protection, dignity, and overall well-being of children, thereby strengthening the social and developmental foundations of nations worldwide.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Child Labour, Forced Labour, Constitutional Law, Discrimination, Exploitation of child labour

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Agriculture is also encountering growing difficulties associated with climate change variability, crop diseases, inefficient resource management, and unpredictable market prices. It is evident that farmers are encountering difficulties from scattered sources of information, resulting in tardy decisions and economic losses. This article introduces Smart Agriculture Advisory Website, an Artificial Intelligence-assisted decision-support tool that integrates comprehensive and contemporary agricultural recommendations. It makes use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for leaf image analysis to detect crop diseases, machine learning techniques for soil-based crop and fertilizer recommendations, and Long Short-Term (LSTM) models for predicting agricultural commodity prices. Combining soil information, weather patterns, crop health analysis, and market dynamics, this system provides customized day-by-day action plans through an interactive web-based interface. This innovative tool is envisioned to boost agricultural production, eliminate wastage of resources, and promote sustainable agricultural practices to ensure improved food security.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Precision Agriculture, Deep Learning (CNN), LSTM, Soil-Based Recommendation, Agricultural Analytics, Food Security

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition