Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This study examines the concept of "madness" as a social and political label rather than simply a medical condition. It argues that madness is often used to control or silence individuals who do not conform to dominant social expectations. Through a close reading of Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea and Robert Louis Stevenson's The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the research explores how authority figures define madness and how that definition shifts attention away from questions of power and treatment. Instead of asking whether a character is truly insane, the study focuses on who has the authority to declare someone mad and how that declaration allows control, confinement, or exclusion to appear justified. In Wide Sargasso Sea, Antoinette is repeatedly labelled as mad despite the absence of any clear medical diagnosis or treatment. Her distress is interpreted through the perspective of those who hold power over her, especially her husband, whose social and colonial authority enables him to rename and isolate her without facing serious consequences. The critical debate often centres on whether she was actually mad rather than whether the treatment she received, silencing, confinement, and loss of identity was ethically justified. In contrast, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde presents a male character whose instability is hidden and rationalised for much of the narrative. Dr. Jekyll's social status and respectability protect him from immediate judgment, suggesting that madness is treated differently depending on gender and social position. Female distress is quickly pathologized and contained, while male instability is often concealed or excused. The study also connects these literary patterns to contemporary society. Even today, groups that challenge social norms, particularly marginalized communities such as LGBTQ+ individuals, are sometimes described using language that frames them as irrational or abnormal. Such language shifts attention away from structural inequalities and toward the supposed instability of the individuals themselves. By drawing these parallels, the research argues that madness continues to function as a tool of social control. Overall, the study demonstrates that madness is not a neutral diagnosis but a label shaped by power, authority, and social expectations, making it deeply relevant in both literature and the present world.

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 Keywords

Madness, social control, identity, gender, power, LGBTQ+ representation

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 Abstract

Women empowerment is steady process to make women capable to have equal opportunities, equal rights and freedom to choose education, participation in political decision making, take decisions regarding career and personal decisions in all respects of life. The women symbolize the half population of the world. The women empowerment also increased after connecting with SHGs in areas of psychological, political, economic and social. We should educate and provide equal opportunities to the women in the society that helps the women to gain knowledge and skill to strength value like equity, solidarity, justice among exploited groups in the society.

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 Keywords

Women, empowerment, SHG, issues

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Sthoulya (Obesity) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the abnormal and excessive accumulation of Medodhatu[1]. It is currently ranked among the top ten global health risks. In Ayurveda, the management of Medoroga focuses on alleviating the Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas while enhancing Medodhatvagni [2] to deplete excess adipose tissue. This review examines the etiological factors, ranging from sedentary lifestyles and dietary habits to genetic predisposition (Bijadosha), and highlights the importance of Pathya-Apathya (healthy vs. unhealthy habits) in enjoying life optimally without lifestyle diseases.

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Sthoulya, Medodhatu, Bijadosha, Adravya chikitsa, Pathya-Apathya

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Work-related stress has become a growing concern in contemporary organizations, influencing both employee performance and personal well-being. This research examines the key sources and consequences of stress among employees in Malappuram district, Kerala. The study was conducted using a sample of 100 employees drawn from sectors such as education, healthcare, and business. Primary data were gathered through structured questionnaires and analysed using percentage methods, averages, and graphical tools. The results indicate that excessive workload, extended working hours, ineffective communication, and imbalance between work and personal life are the dominant contributors to stress. The findings further reveal that stress negatively affects productivity, increases absenteeism, and contributes to health-related problems. The study concludes that organizations can reduce stress levels by implementing flexible work schedules, providing counselling services, and promoting supportive leadership practices, thereby enhancing overall job satisfaction.

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 Keywords

Employee Stress, Workload, Job Satisfaction, Work-Life Balance, Stress Management, Malappuram.

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In today's interconnected world, the use of multiple languages has become increasingly common, with individuals seamlessly switching between languages in conversations to adapt to different contexts. While this enhances communication, it also poses challenges in maintaining language boundaries and identity. Multilingual individuals often possess unique problem-solving skills and a deep understanding of language nuances, influencing their connections with others and cultural identity. A study conducted examined language use among students (age 17-20) and the advantages and disadvantages of multilingualism in Hyderabad, India. The data were collected using questionnaires. Findings revealed that the majority of students are bilingual or trilingual. 71 percent of respondents reported that multilingualism helped to improve communication skills. More than 90 percent of respondents preferred to read books in English. 59.5 percent of the respondents say that being multilingual has influenced cultural awareness and sensitivity. 71.8 percent of respondents agreed that they have used their multilingual skills to meditate or bridge the communication gap between others. 42.7 percent of respondents feel that their multilingualism has made them more open-minded and accepting of diversity. 41.2 percent of respondents agreed that they have not experienced cultural misunderstandings that were related to language use. 80.9 percent of respondents do believe that being multilingual has improved their ability to learn new languages. 63.4 percent of respondents use a common language understood by most when addressing a group with diverse language abilities. Overall, students perceived multilingualism as beneficial, citing improvements in skills and increased comfort in daily life. However, challenges such as language barriers and cultural misunderstandings were noted. Despite these hurdles, most students expressed that multilingualism enriched their lives, fostering new connections and facilitating learning experiences.

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Multilingualism, Language skills, Communication skills, Language barriers, Cultural misunderstandings

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Geographical description of the mineral wealth of Jaipur district in Rajasthan

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Geographical description of the mineral wealth of Jaipur district in Rajasthan

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Aarogya Super Speciality Modern Homoeopathy, pioneered by Professor Dr. Arpit Chopra Jain, represents an advancement in the treatment of complex and critical diseases, including those typically considered surgical or incurable. This systematic review synthesizes the key principles, clinical outcomes, and specific homeopathic formulations (drops) developed by Dr. Jain. His approach integrates advanced homeopathic potencies, such as the 50 millesimal (50 lakh) potency, with mother tinctures and biochemic treatments, alongside modern clinical diagnostics. Dr. Jain has reported successfully treating over 3,000 cases of critical and surgical diseases without the need for surgery, including conditions like cancer, kidney failure, coma, and various autoimmune disorders. The review highlights the reported efficacy, safety profile, and cost-effectiveness of this method, referencing the listed compositions of proprietary homeopathic drops for conditions ranging from Auto Immune Drops to Tumor Drops. Dr. Jain's work has garnered national and international recognition, including an honorary doctorate from the USA and representation of India at BRICS. This paper systematically examines the components and therapeutic scope of Dr. Jain's formulations, suggesting a significant paradigm shift in homeopathic practice

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Homoeopathy

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This paper consists of the work undertaken of the study of dielectric parameter of non-aqueous solution of Atropine-Ethanol for various concentrations. The time domain reflectometry technique is used for the study in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 30 GHz. The relaxation time (?), The static dielectric constant (??),?dielectric constant at higher frequency (??) of mixture of Atropine with Ethanol have evaluated at 250c.

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Alkaloids, Dielectric constant, Relaxation time, Thermodynamic parameter & TDR.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Upnishdo Me Pratipadit Bharamha Ki Sarvatra Vyapti Ka Praman Vimarsh

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Upnishdo Me Pratipadit Bharamha Ki Sarvatra Vyapti Ka Praman Vimarsh

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Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) training methods have gained prominence for generating robust facial key templates in privacy-preserving applications, particularly those leveraging homomorphic encryption. This review critically examines recent advancements in ANFIS training strategies, comparing their effectiveness in extracting and modelling facial features crucial for secure template generation. Emphasis is placed on the integration of ANFIS with advanced pre-processing and feature extraction techniques to enhance template accuracy and resilience against attacks. The synergy between ANFIS-based models and homomorphic encryption frameworks is explored, highlighting their potential to balance recognition performance with stringent privacy requirements. The review concludes by identifying current challenges and recommending future research directions for optimizing ANFIS training in encrypted facial recognition systems

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 Keywords

ANFIS, facial key template, homomorphic encryption, biometric security, training methods

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition