Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

In this we fabricate the pneumatic circuit with time delay circuit forging machine. It time delay valve has three different times like, low, medium, high. It control by a button and it consist many more electric and electronic components. This circuit run on adapter this adapter provide 12 volt DC current. This pneumatic circuit also have components like, compressor, FRL unit. Pressure gauge, 3/2 solenoid operated direction control valve, double acting cylinder, etc.

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pneumatic circuit with time delay circuit forging machine, 12 volt DC adapter, and compressor, solenoid valve, Pressure gauge.

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 Abstract

Over the past years automation has impacted a wide range of industries beyond manufacturing through the reduction of production time, improved system performance and process control. Recently Zimbabwe has seen a rise of small scale producers of liquid products which include detergents, liquid soaps, fruit juices, milk products and bottled water. Manual filling methods being used are resulting in low production outputs and losses through spillages. The procurement of state of art bottling systems is cost prohibitive as most systems are designed for large scale industries. This paper describes the design of a low cost flexible automated bottle filling machine capable of filling two different volumes. The machine was designed according to the VDI 2206 guidelines for mechatronic systems design. Modelling and simulation was used to determine the most suitable material, transfer system and filling mechanisms for the machine. A conveyor based transfer system was developed coupled to a filling unit which fills four bottles at a time. Developed control algorithms were implemented on an Arduino Due microcontroller platform. System integration resulted in a physical prototype being produced. Tests were carried out on the designed machine validating the functionality of the machine. The designed machine could fill 600 bottles in an hour.

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Automation, Bottle filling machine, VDI 2206, Arduino, Mechatronics

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This project is based on pedal powered energy. The bicycle pedal is connected with the flywheel with the use of chain drive and belt drive. By applying force (bicycling action) on the pedal will make the flywheel rotate at some speed which is based on human effort. At the end of flywheel assembly, the small type of generator named a dynamo is connected for the generation of power. It generates the DC power which is stored in the battery and to make it useful to charge the mobile, Inverter is mounted in between this. The generation of power is only dependent on human effort. In this no fuel is require for the generation of power. That's why it does not harmful to the environment or any life. The concept of this project, It is also used for pedal hacksaw, pedal pump, pedal grass-cutter and many more. This project is very useful for those people who live in rural area. Ultimately the bicycle is used as fat reducing equipment for human and as travelling vehicle.

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Pedal Power, Dynamo, Rotary Motion, Flywheel, Bicycle, Mobile

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Educational Apps Have Revolutionized Learning By Providing Personalized, Flexible, And Interactive Experiences. However, Excessive Dependency On These Digital Platforms Has Raised Psychological, Cognitive, And Social Concerns. Prolonged Usage Can Lead To Reduced Attention Span, Cognitive Overload, And Diminished Critical Thinking Skills. Academic Stress, Digital Fatigue, Anxiety, And Sleep Disturbances Are Also Observed. Excessive Digital Learning Also Impairs Face-To-Face Communication, Weakens Emotional Intelligence, And Fosters Digital Dependency, Limiting Students' Ability To Engage In Collaborative Learning And Real-World Problem-Solving. This Review Synthesizes Findings From Recent Indian And International Studies On The Psychological Impact Of Educational Apps, Drawing From Peer-Reviewed Journals, Survey Reports, And Longitudinal Studies Conducted By Organizations Such As NIMHANS, AIIMS Delhi, NCERT, And UNESCO. The Study Uses A Systematic Analysis Of Empirical Research On Students' Cognitive And Emotional Well-Being, Evaluating Factors Like Attention Span, Academic Stress, Social Interactions, And Sleep Quality, And Incorporating Quantitative Data From National Surveys On Educational Technology Adoption. Digital Learning Leads To A 40% Decline In Sustained Attention, Increased Academic Anxiety, And Reduced Problem-Solving Efficiency In Students. AI-Driven Assessments Struggle With Independent Critical Thinking, And Prolonged Screen Exposure Disrupts Sleep Cycles. Digital Learning Also Decreases Interpersonal Communication Skills. This Paper Suggests Structured Screen-Time Regulations, Blended Learning Models, Digital Well-Being Strategies, And Ethical AI Integration To Improve Educational Benefits And Safeguard Students' Cognitive, Emotional, And Social Well-Being, Emphasizing Collaboration Among Educators, Parents, And Policymakers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Educational Apps, Dependency, Psychological Impact, Well-Being, Mental Health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????-?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??, ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????, ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???? "??? ???" (????? ?? ????????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??) ?????? ?? ???? "??? ??" (????????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??) ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? - ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ???-??? ????, ?????? ????? ?????, ??????? ????????, ??????????, ??????? ????????????? - ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??-????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??, ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????????, ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??, ???? ???? ??? ???-??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???, ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???, ??????????, ?????, ??????, ???????, ???? ??????, ?????, ??????????????, ???????? ??????????, ??????, ????? ????, ??? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ........... ???? ??????? ?????? ????

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???????, ??????? ??????, ???????, ?????????????, ??????????????, ??????????, ?????????????, ????????

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Library Or Information Centre Is An Integral Part Of Any Educational Or Research Institution, Which Is The Hub Of Teaching, Learning And Research Activities And Where Students And Researchers Get Their Required Information According To Their Need. In The Traditional Libraries, The Library Users Have To Spend Much More Time For Searching A Small Piece Of Information And For That They Have To Depend On Library Staff. But Today In The Age Of Information Communication & Technology (ICT), Computers Are Being Used For Day To Day Activities And Services Of The Libraries, Which Save The Time Of Users And Library Staff, Avoid The Duplication Of Work And Make The Library Services More Smooth And Effective. The Establishment And Development Of Electronic Libraries (E-Libraries) In All Over The World Have Brought Revolution In This Way. To Provide Better And Faster Services To The Users In A Convenient Way, The Most Of The Libraries Are Getting Automated Their Operations And Services. They Are Converting Their Traditional Resources Into Electronic Resources (E-Resources) With The Use Of ICT Applications And Making These E-Resources Easily Available On Internet For Researchers And Distance Learners To Save Their Valuable Time. This Paper Presents And Analyses The Status Of E-Libraries, Their Development, Facilities And Services. It Also Discusses The Features, Forms And Benefits Of E-Libraries. It Also Focuses On Their Role In Socio-Economic Development Of India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Library Or Information Centre , Traditional Resources, E-Libraries

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Rural Micro, Small, And Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Play A Crucial Role In India's Economy By Creating Jobs,Fostering Local Development, And Reducing Poverty. The Aatmanirbhar Bharat Initiative, Launched By The Government Of India, Aims To Build A Self-Reliant Economy By Strengthening The MSME Sector Through Policy Measures, Financial Incentives, And Support Mechanisms. This Research Paper Examines The Impact Of Aatmanirbhar Bharat Initiatives On Empowering Rural Msmes, Focusing On The Opportunities Created, The Challenges Faced, And The Strategies Needed For Sustainable Growth. The Study Highlights Key Initiatives Under Aatmanirbhar Bharat, Such As Improved Access To Finance, Digital Transformation, Skill Development, And Enhanced Market Linkages, Designed To Help Rural MSMEs Overcome Structural Barriers And Enhance Their Competitiveness. It Also Discusses The Persistent Challenges That Rural Enterprises Encounter, Including Infrastructure Limitations, Technological Gaps, Lack Of Awareness, And Supply Chain Disruptions. Through An Analysis Of Case Studies And Policy Frameworks, The Paper Identifies Best Practices And Lessons Learned From Successful Rural Msmes That Have Leveraged These Initiatives For Growth. The Research Concludes With Strategic Recommendations To Optimize Policy Implementation And Foster Innovation Among Rural MSMEs, Emphasizing Their Critical Role In Driving India's Economic Transformation Toward Self-Reliance.

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Empowerment, Aatmanirbhar ,MSME's, Digital Transformation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In Modern Education, One Can See A Complete Shift In The Teaching Pedagogies And Methodologies Adopted For Learning. There Is A Transformation In The Teaching-Learning Process Which Involves A Shift From A Teacher-Centric Approach To Student-Centric Learning. The Latest Trends And Modern Pedagogies Of Learning With Technology Include Class Engagement, Interaction With Students, Small Group Activities, And Creating A Conducive Learning Atmosphere. The Given Research Paper Focuses On Analyzing The AI-Based Teaching-Learning Process And Using Modern Or Smart Gadgets In Student Development. It Also Highlights The Approach Of Student-Driven Learning And Having An Interactive Learning Environment In Education. In The Given Research Paper, A Detailed Analysis Of Different Teaching-Learning Methods Involving Methods Like Small Group Activities, Short Lectures, Simulation Games, Role Plays, And Individual-Based Learning Is Highlighted. It Further Emphasizes The Usage Of These Tools In Carrying Out Other Administrative Tasks Like Conducting The Exams, Getting Student's Feedback, Preparing The Question Papers, Making Results, And Carrying Out The Evaluation Process. Also, The Review Focuses On Identifying And Analyzing The Existing Literature Reviews On The Modern Teaching-Learning Process And The Relevant Findings.

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AI (Artificial Intelligence), Innovation, Creativity, Pedagogy, Conducive Atmosphere, LMS (Learning Management System).

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In Today's Time, Disaster Management Has Become The Most Crucial Aspect For The Survival Of Any Nation. In Some Situations, Disaster Management Becomes Even More Critical Than The Defence System Of A Country Because Defence Of A Country Is Related To Only Human Actions But Disasters Are Both Man Made And Nature Made. So In The Current Scenario, The Disaster Management Has Become The Global Phenomenon And That's Why The Global Summits, Treaties And Agreements Are Being Signed By All The Nations. In The Current Paper, India's Disaster Management System And Policies Have Been Studied With Comparison With Japanes System And Policies. The Comparison With Japan Has Been Selected Because It Is The Known Fact That Japan Have Been The Most Vulnerable Country Historically. Japan Is The Most Earthquake Prone Country Of The World And The Only Country Having Faced Two Atomic Bombs. So Seeing The Global Position Of Japan, It Is Not Surprising That Japan's Disaster Management System Is Ranked First In The World. India Is Currently Considered To Be The Most Populous Country Of The World. Any Disaster Whether Natural Or Man Made Costs Millions Of Human Lives In India. So It Becomes Very Important That We Study Our Disaster Management System And Policies Very Critically And Make It The Best In The World To Save The Human Beings. But When We Study The Disaster Management System, It Is Found That It Is Not A Priority Task For Us.A Very Detailed And Critical Study Has Been Made In This Paper And Some Policy Measures Have Been Suggested Keeping In View The Emerging New Issues In Disaster Management System Such As Expansion And Privatization Of Nuclear Energy.

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 Keywords

Defence System, Disaster Management, Global Agreements, Global Treaties, Atomic Attack, Atomic Energy, Privatization.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Capital, Crucial For Economic Development, Is Formed Through Three Steps: Increasing Savings, Channeling Those Savings, And Investing Them Productively. Financial Literacy Is Essential To Encourage Saving And Participation In The Financial System. This Paper Compares Financial Literacy Strategies In India, Particularly Those Of The Reserve Bank Of India (Rbi) And The Securities And Exchange Board Of India (Sebi), With Those Of The U.S. The Study Identifies Drawbacks In Indian Programs, Such As Insufficient Outreach To Rural Populations And A Lack Of Focus On Digital Financial Literacy, Compared To The More Comprehensive U.S. Approach. Finally, The Paper Suggests Policy Improvements, Including Greater Public-Private Partnerships And The Use Of Technology-Driven Educational Tools, To Enhance Financial Literacy In India And Support Its Goal Of Becoming A Developed Nation By 2047.

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Economic Development, Capital Formation, Saving Rates, Developed Nations, RBI, SEBI

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition