Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Abstract: In today's scenario we pay various taxes i.e. Direct and Indirect taxes, which are felt as burden on us and due to these taxes the corruption is increasing. So, to overcome from all these taxation system the Central Government has decided to make one tax system i.e. Goods and Services Tax (GST). GST is one of the most critical tax reforms in India which has been long awaiting decision. It is a comprehensive tax system that will subsume all indirect taxes of State and central Governments and whole economy into seamless nation in national market. It is expected to remove the burden of existing indirect tax system and play an important role in growth of India. GST includes all Indirect Taxes which will help in growth of economy and proves to be more beneficial than the existing tax system. GST will also help to accelerate the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. GST is now accepted all over the world and countries are using it for sales tax system. This paper will help to show that, what will be the impact of GST after its implementation, difference between present Indirect Taxes and GST and what will be the benefits and challenges of GST after implementation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Central, State, Dual, GST, Indirect Tax, Direct Tax, GDP, Implementation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This systematic literature review explores how human-centered design principles are being incorporated into parametric design approaches within interior architecture. It addresses a key gap between optimizing for computational performance and prioritizing the well-being of building occupants. Current parametric design methods often emphasize technical metrics like energy efficiency, structural optimization, and cost savings, with secondary attention given to human comfort as a core design goal. By analyzing peer-reviewed literature published between 2017 and 2026, the review brings together insights from parametric design, occupant comfort, neuroarchitecture, biophilic design, and multi-objective optimization. The research highlights three main challenges: (1) a lack of methods for turning subjective human experiences into measurable design variables, (2) limited integration of tools that support full-spectrum comfort analysis, and (3) a disconnect between research on human factors and its application in computational design. While thermal and visual comfort are well-supported through existing simulation tools, areas like acoustic comfort and biophilic design need more research and methodological support. The findings show that using human-centered parametric methods can increase occupant satisfaction by 15-38%, while still achieving 85-95% of energy efficiency goals--debunking the idea that comfort and performance must be mutually exclusive. This review offers a detailed framework, complete with visual case studies, simulation visuals, and real-world project examples, to guide interior architects and computational designers in making occupant well-being a central design objective, pushing performance-driven architecture toward more human-centered outcomes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Parametric design, systematic literature review, human-centered design, occupant well-being, interior architecture, computational optimization, biophilic design, neuroarchitecture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Financial technology (fintech) has developed as a transformative force reforming financial access and behavior across the world. In India, where approximately 70% of the population are living in rural areas, fintech innovations are progressively critical in bridging gaps in financial inclusion and changing traditional investment patterns. This study explores the scope and level to which fintech has impacted access to financial services in rural India, evaluates shifts in investment behavior among rural households, and identifies key challenges and policy implications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Fintech Innovations

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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After-school support programs (ASSPs)--including remedial tutoring, supervised study, mentoring, sports and arts clubs, and structured life-skills initiatives--are increasingly positioned as equity-oriented strategies to improve adolescent learning and holistic development. In India, where learning gaps and transition risks intensify during secondary schooling, ASSPs may offer additional instructional time, targeted remediation, psychosocial support, and safe spaces that strengthen academic outcomes and social development. This article synthesizes evidence from (i) global meta-analyses of after-school and social-emotional learning (SEL) programs and (ii) India-relevant secondary sources, and proposes a practical evaluation framework suited to Indian secondary schools. Evidence indicates that well-designed programs can improve grades and achievement while also strengthening social behaviours, school bonding, and related competencies when implementation quality is high and activities are sequenced, active, focused, and explicit (SAFE) [1][2]. India-based evidence from large-scale remedial and after-school life-skills initiatives suggests potential gains in learning and socio-emotional competencies, but highlights the need for stronger secondary-stage evaluations using transparent designs and comparable outcome measures [3][4]. The article provides tabular secondary evidence, outcome indicators aligned to Indian policy priorities, and guidance for school-level program evaluation in line with NEP 2020's emphasis on holistic development [5].

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

After-school programs; secondary education; remedial tutoring; life skills; social-emotional learning; academic achievement; India; program evaluation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Procrastination is the irrational behaviour of delaying important tasks without any valid reasons that has afflicted mankind since antiquity. An enormous body of literature on procrastination has accumulated in the past many decades, expounding the nature, causes, consequences and treatment of procrastination. The authors aim to focus on reviewing some of the most relevant literature pertaining to two approaches to understanding procrastination, namely personality and motivation. An overview of the available literature underscored the importance of investigating personality traits and motivational factors in relation to procrastination.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Malediction, Procrastination, Personality approach, Motivational approach

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Flavonoids, abundant polyphenolic compounds in plants, exhibit remarkable potential in wound healing through their multifaceted actions on key phases of repair: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Their therapeutic effects arise primarily from potent antioxidant properties neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulating enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, and activating the master regulator Nrf2/ARE pathway to mitigate oxidative stress alongside robust anti-inflammatory activities via inhibition of NF-?B, MAPK/ERK, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-?, IL-6, IL-1?). Additional benefits include promotion of angiogenesis (via upregulation of VEGF, bFGF, TGF-?), re-epithelialization, collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and antimicrobial action against common wound pathogens. Preclinical evidence, predominantly from animal models of acute, burn, and diabetic wounds, demonstrates that prominent flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, curcumin, rutin) accelerate closure, enhance granulation tissue formation, and reduce scarring. However, challenges such as poor solubility and bioavailability are being addressed through advanced formulations, including hydrogels, nanoparticles, nanogels, and composite dressings, which enable sustained release, improved penetration, and superior outcomes in diabetic wound models (e.g., >90% closure in 14 days in some studies).While clinical translation remains limited, emerging data support flavonoids as safe, multi-target natural agents, particularly for managing chronic non-healing wounds dominated by persistent inflammation and oxidative stress. This review highlights underlying pathways, key compounds, formulation advances, and future directions for harnessing flavonoids in wound therapeutics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Flavonoids, Wound healing, pathway

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Local Inequality and Social Exclusion: A Critical Study of the Distribution of Slum Settlements

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Local Inequality and Social Exclusion: A Critical Study of the Distribution of Slum Settlements

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition