Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Joint cosmological analysis to constrain a time-varying dark energy equation of state using cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy data and galaxy clustering observables from large-scale structure surveys. We extend the standard LambdaCDM model by adopting the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parameterization for the dark energy equation of state, w(z) = w0 + wa z/(1+z), and study its impact on both the background expansion H(z) and the linear growth of matter perturbations. The CMB temperature and polarization spectra, together with CMB lensing, tightly constrain early-universe parameters and the distance to last scattering, while baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and redshift-space distortion (RSD) measurements constrain late-time geometry and growth through distance indicators and f sigma8(z). We build a consistent joint likelihood using Planck 2018 TT,TE,EE plus lowE and lensing, combined with BOSS DR12 consensus BAO+RSD constraints at z_eff = 0.38, 0.51, and 0.61. Posterior distributions are sampled using Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and we quantify improvements in constraints on (w0, wa) when adding low-redshift information to the CMB. Model comparison with LambdaCDM is reported using information criteria, and robustness is assessed under alternative assumptions on priors, scale cuts, and neutrino mass treatment. This work provides a complete observationally anchored framework for testing dark energy evolution with current precision cosmology data.

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 Keywords

dark energy, evolving equation of state, CMB anisotropies, CMB lensing, BAO, RSD, galaxy clustering, parameter estimation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The hotel and tourism industry is striving to develop and augment the guest experience. The hotel front desk is an imperative part of the front office operations because it creates the guest's first impression. In this era of competition, the hotels have adopted new and innovative practices to improve their level of performance and at the same time delight the guest. It became essential for the hotel to offer the excellent services and to do something innovative for their guest to keep them satisfied and fulfill their request. The guests had more options to choose from and it was important to retain the guest and give them life experiences so that they became loyal guests. The guest's feedback and suggestions helped the hotel to change a few of its practices and implement innovative and effective in the industry. This Research paper has stated guest satisfaction is a differentiator and vital success factor for the hotel. Research has shown that front office management and guest satisfaction have a relationship and that hotel performance is impacted because of the attitude and motivational levels of the employees.

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Hotel Industry, Front office, Guest Satisfaction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study delves into the timeless wisdom of Saatvik Aahar, an ancient dietary philosophy deeply rooted in Indian traditions. The research explores the foundational principles guiding Saatvik Aahar, emphasizing the consumption of unprocessed, locally sourced, and seasonally appropriate foods. It investigates the holistic approach of Saatvik Aahar, addressing its impact on physical health, mental well-being, and spiritual harmony. At its core, Saatvik Aahar operates on the principle of balance, aiming to harmonize the three gunas - Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. Sattva, representing purity and balance, is encouraged through the intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. This dietary approach fosters physical health by providing essential nutrients while aligning with the body's natural rhythms. The study investigates the holistic nature of Saatvik Aahar, recognizing its impact on mental well-being. By promoting Sattva, individuals engaging in this dietary practice may experience heightened mental clarity, improved focus, and a sense of inner peace. The avoidance of Rajasic (stimulating) and Tamasic (dull, inertia-inducing) foods contributes to emotional equilibrium and a tranquil mind. The study examines the potential benefits associated with Saatvik Aahar, such as enhanced digestion, improved energy levels, and a sense of inner peace. Through a combination of literature review, nutritional analysis, and insights from traditional practices, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Saatvik Aahar contributes to overall wellness.

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 Keywords

Saatvik Aahar, Indian diet, holistic health, nutrition, mental well-being, Ayurveda

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Social Emotional Learning (SEL) is very essential for holistic education which emphasizes emotional intelligence, empathy, social skills and responsible decision making. English Language Teaching (ELT) provides an ideal context for integration on account of its emphasis on communication, expression, collaboration and critical thinking. This conceptual paper explores the concept, theoretical framework, strategies, benefits and challenges of implementing SEL in the Indian English language classrooms. It highlights the need for promoting social emotional learning in English Language Learning for the holistic development of students in the Indian context.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Social-Emotional Learning, Socio-emotional Learning, Social -Emotional Literacy, English Language Learning, Language learning, English pedagogy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This project presents a compact embedded system designed to detect both obstacles and metallic objects using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system employs an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) to identify obstacles by transmitting sound waves and calculating distance based on the reflected signal. When an obstacle is detected within a critical range, the Arduino initiates an avoidance action by reversing the device. The metal detection subsystem operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A copper coil connected to an LC oscillator generates a magnetic field, and when a metallic object enters this field, the inductance of the coil changes, altering the oscillator frequency. The Arduino monitors this variation and activates a buzzer and LED to indicate the presence of metal. The proposed system is simple, low-cost, and user-friendly. It is suitable for applications such as small mobile robots, assistive tools for visually impaired users, and basic security-scanning devices. This work demonstrates how multiple sensing modalities can be integrated into a single microcontroller-based platform to achieve multifunctional sensing capabilities.

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Arduino, obstacle detection, metal detection, ultrasonic sensor, inductive sensing, embedded systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of creative art on reducing level of depression among elderly client .there are older people today than ever before and their number is on the increase. The number of elderly clients is increasing in almost every country. It is expected that by 2030 elderly population will account for 21.8% of the total population. It is not surprising that the societal attitude continually nurtures the feelings of low self- esteem, helplessness, and hopelessness that become more pervasive and intense with advanced age."creative art's purpose is not to kill time, but to make time live; not to keep people occupied, but to keep them refreshed; not to offer an escape from life, but to provide a discovery of life.the purpose of the study art therapysuch as painting, making envelops and art from west to best is unique approach to depression treatment that helps elderly client to change the negative thoughts and emotion that are associate with depression

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Assess, Effectiveness,, Creative Art, Old age Home

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It represents a complex clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood. The primary goal of drug therapy is to improve survival, reduce hospitalizations, and enhance the quality of life. Pharmacotherapy for CHF includes several classes of drugs such as ACE inhibitors ARBs: improve survival by suppressing renin angiotensin aldosterone system .beta blocker: reduce sympathetic overactivity And improve long -term survival . SGLT2 inhibitors: diuretics first-line for symptomatic relief of congestion ,ivabradine benefits selected patients with high resting heart rate . and novel agents like ARNIs and Vericiguat. This review summarizes the current understanding, mechanisms, And rational drug therapy depends on functional class (NYHA),the combination of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT)has singnificantly transformed CHF prognosis , shifting for CHF management.

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Congestive Heart Failure, Drug Therapy, Pharmacological Management, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy, Beta-Blockers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital technologies and FinTech innovations are reshaping how microfinance institutions (MFIs) deliver credit, savings, insurance, and payment services to low-income populations. This study examines the role of digital transformation in MFIs and assesses how FinTech-enabled solutions affect outreach, operational efficiency, credit risk management, and financial inclusion in India. Employing a mixed-methods approach--quantitative analysis of institution-level performance and household-level survey data, along with qualitative case studies and expert interviews--the research evaluates outcomes in terms of access, affordability, usage, and client protection. Key regulatory developments (including India's digital lending guidelines and recent policy revisions) and sector-level performance metrics are integrated into the analysis to provide policy-relevant recommendations for scaling inclusive, secure digital microfinance. Findings indicate that digitalization improves outreach and lowers transaction costs when combined with client education and robust consumer-protection frameworks; regulatory clarity and responsible digital lending practices are crucial to mitigating risks to vulnerable borrowers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital Transformation, Microfinance, FinTech, Financial Inclusion, Digital Lending, India, Consumer Protection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the contemporary financial environment, investors face the dual challenge of maximizing returns while managing risk. Among the multitude of investment avenues available, hedge funds and mutual funds have emerged as dominant global instruments of collective investment. While both seek to create wealth through professional fund management, their objectives, structures, strategies, and risk-return profiles differ significantly. This study titled "Risk and Return Analysis of Hedge Funds: A Comparative Study with Mutual Funds" provides a detailed quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the performance efficiency of these two categories of investment funds. Using real financial data obtained from credible sources such as SEBI, AMFI, Bloomberg Hedge Fund Index, and SP Global SPIVA reports (2013-2023), the paper compares annualized returns, standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, and Beta values to understand their relative risk-return dynamics. Findings reveal that hedge funds deliver superior absolute and risk-adjusted returns due to their flexibility and global diversification, but expose investors to greater volatility and limited transparency. Mutual funds, in contrast, offer stable, regulated, and retail-friendly investment opportunities that focus on long-term wealth accumulation. The study concludes that a hybrid investment approach, combining both instruments, can lead to optimal portfolio diversification and improved risk-adjusted performance.

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Hedge Funds, Mutual Funds, Risk-Return Analysis, Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, Beta, Financial Performance Portfolio Diversification, Investment Strategy, SEBI Regulation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Programming education in technical institutions often faces challenges related to student engagement, logical thinking, and consistent learning outcomes. Traditional lecture-based delivery restricts skill development and may not adequately prepare learners for real-world problem-solving requirements. This research paper proposes an outcome-based learning model integrating hands-on problem solving and Learning Management System (LMS) tracking to improve student performance in programming, data structures, and software development subjects.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Programing Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition