Volume 9 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The proposed framework leverages multi-spectral satellite imagery to assess crop health and growth patterns across diverse agricultural landscapes. By incorporating historical yield data and real-time weather information, the AI models can identify complex relationships between environmental factors and crop productivity. This innovative approach not only enhances the precision of yield forecasts but also provides valuable insights into the impact of climate variability on agricultural output, enabling policymakers and farmers to implement adaptive strategies for sustainable food production. Agricultural productivity is inherently influenced by climatic, geographical, and management factors. India, with its diverse agro-climatic zones, requires intelligent tools to monitor crop yields, especially in its agriculturally vital northern states. Traditional methods are slow and resource-intensive, making real-time predictive systems essential. This study presents an AI-driven geo-spatial framework that leverages remote sensing and machine learning to predict seasonal crop yields.

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Geo, Spatial, Agriculture, Crop and Prediction

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Fabian Socialism, originating in late nineteenth-century Britain, offered a unique blend of reformist socialism rooted in gradualism, permeation, and reliance on intellectual persuasion rather than revolutionary struggle. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of Fabianism, its impact on the British welfare state, and, most significantly, its influence on Indian political and economic thought during the nationalist movement and the early postcolonial period. By examining the writings and policies of key leaders, particularly Jawaharlal Nehru, the research demonstrates how Fabian principles shaped India's path toward a planned mixed economy, state-led industrialization, and welfare measures. The comparative analysis situates Fabianism alongside Marxism and liberalism to highlight its hybrid character and moderate reformist orientation. Criticisms of Fabianism, both in Britain and India, are evaluated, including Marxist charges of bourgeois compromise, liberal objections to excessive state control, and post-1991 critiques regarding inefficiency and stagnation.

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Fabian Socialism, India, Nehru, mixed economy, welfare state, gradualism, permeation

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In contemporary literary studies, ecocriticism has emerged as a vital framework for analyzing the interrelationship between literature and the natural environment. Indian mythological narratives, which frequently portray nature as both a reflection of human conduct and a manifestation of the divine, offer a rich context for ecocritical exploration. This study presents a comparative ecocritical analysis of two modern mythological retellings: Amish Tripathi's Shiva Trilogy and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's The Palace of Illusions. Although both texts are grounded in India's mythological tradition, they articulate distinct perspectives on the human-nature relationship, engaging with themes such as ecological harmony, environmental degradation, and the cycle of regeneration. The study investigates how these works address ecological concerns and reflect on the wider societal consequences of humanity's interaction with the natural world.

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Nature, Mythology, Environment,Ecology

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purpose This paper tries to explore the extend of ICT adoption among the university libraries in west Bengal, and to identify the key factors in adoption of ICT. another perspective of this study is to application of innovation diffusion theory (IDT) to the diffusion of ICT in the university libraries. Methodology/Design/Approach For this study survey method is administered with structure questionnaire, conducted among the professional staff of the university libraries as well as face to face interview were conducted for gathering data. From data gathered the research has analysed the potential influences on the adoption of ICT, including the attributes of innovation in university libraries .This is based on the attributes of an innovation in Rogers' theory of diffusion of innovation. Findings: The research findings are summarised after the analysis of data which is collected from questionnaire related to the objective of the study, and interview method during the interviews, including research propositions related to the first research question, i.e. "can Rogers' diffusion of innovation model be applied to the diffusion of ICT in University libraries", and findings from staff interviews related to the second research question - "What are major attributes that have affected ICT adoption in the case study library?" Research limitations/implications - Some attributes based on Rogers' theory were positive, while a few others were not clearly perceived by practitioners, and this needs to be addressed by more careful distinctions being made between the categories in any future research. Originality/value - This research provides knowledge in developing ICT services for librarians, students, and researchers, and anyone else interested in this issue. Additionally, it can serve as a model of using the theory of diffusion

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Diffusion of ICT among the University libraries in West Bengal: a study in the light of Innovation Diffusion Theory

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Abstract: The teaching and learning of Arabic in Indian higher education institutions have undergone considerable transformation over the decades, yet curriculum design continues to reflect outdated pedagogical models and limited contextual relevance. This paper critically examines the current curriculum design for Arabic in Indian universities, exploring its alignment with global academic standards, market needs, and linguistic competencies. Through an analytical lens, the study assesses curricular frameworks in selected institutions, identifies existing gaps, and offers strategic recommendations for inclusive, skill-based, and culturally responsive Arabic education. The study underscores the importance of incorporating modern pedagogical tools, communicative methodologies, and interdisciplinary approaches in shaping a holistic Arabic curriculum suitable for contemporary learners in India.

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Arabic Curriculum, Higher Education, India, Language Pedagogy, Curriculum Reform, Skill-Based Education, UGC Guidelines.

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Religion functions as a symbolic system that expresses humanity's deepest concerns, values, and aspirations. The process of symbolization is intrinsic to human culture, rooted in social interaction and interpretive engagement. The paper deals with the foundational relationship between religion and symbolism, emphasizing how symbols serve as a central medium through which religious beliefs, experiences, and revelations are communicated and understood. Drawing on etymology, theological perspectives, philosophical insights, and sociological theories, the research interprets how symbols bridge between the visible and invisible, the personal and communal, and the spiritual and material dimensions of religious life. Religion is portrayed not merely as a belief system but as a dynamic, symbolic language that shapes and is shaped by human interaction, cultural context, and divine revelation. The study concludes that religious symbolism is both essential and inevitable in the human quest for meaning, identity, and connection with the sacred.

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Divine revelation, Language, Religious beliefs, Symbols, Sacred.

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Assam is a land of rich cultural diversity, where folklore, traditions, and customs play a vital role in shaping the social and cultural identity of its people. This study explores the various forms of Assamese folklore including oral narratives, folk songs, dances and examines the traditional customs practiced by different ethnic communities across the state. Using qualitative methods such as field visits, interviews, and literature review, the research highlights the significance of these cultural elements in preserving Assamese heritage amid modern challenges. The study also identifies the threats posed by globalization and urbanization to traditional practices and recommends strategies for their preservation and promotion. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of Assam's intangible cultural heritage and emphasizes the importance of safeguarding it for future generations.

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Assamese Folklore, Traditions of Assam, Cultural Customs, Oral Literature, Folk Songs and Dances, Bihu,Assam Festivals

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract The North-East region of India, characterized by its ethnic diversity and strategic importance, has long faced challenges related to governance, development, and cultural preservation. To address the unique socio-political needs of its indigenous communities, the Indian Constitution under the Sixth Schedule provides for the establishment of Autonomous District Councils (ADCs). These councils serve as decentralized governance institutions aimed at promoting self-rule, safeguarding tribal customs, and fostering regional development. This paper critically examines the structure, functions, and effectiveness of ADCs in states like Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram, and evaluates their role in tribal development. While ADCs have contributed to the political empowerment and cultural preservation of tribal groups, they are often hindered by administrative inefficiencies, financial dependence, and overlapping jurisdictions. Through a review of policy frameworks and selected case studies, this study highlights the achievements, limitations, and future prospects of ADCs in facilitating inclusive and sustainable development in North-East India.

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Constitution, Autonomous, Power, Community, Minority, Revenue

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Social media has transformed worldwide communication by facilitating real-time engagement, information sharing, and digital collaboration. However, its rapid rise has resulted in a number of ethical issues that affect individuals, communities, and organizations. This study looks at fundamental ethical challenges in social media, such as privacy violations, misinformation, cyberbullying, digital addiction, and public opinion manipulation. It also looks at the roles of individuals, technology corporations, and governments in supporting ethical behaviour online. Understanding these concerns and supporting digital literacy and responsible behaviour can help society create a more transparent, courteous, and equal digital world. The study underlines the importance of ethical awareness and accountability in maximizing the benefits of social media while reducing the harm.

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Social media, Ethics.

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Poverty and unemployment are considered as major hindrances to the socioeconomic development of a nation. The picture is not different in our country. During 80s the Government of India introduced various situation-specific schemes for employment generation and poverty alleviation in both rural and urban sectors. Although these schemes could bring about little changes in the living condition of the poor yet that was not sufficient as expected. In that context, the concept of Self-Help Group emerged as a standard tool for rectifying the problem of low employment and high poverty in our country. In India microfinance operates through two models: (a) Self Help Groups (SHGs) model. (b) Microfinance Finance Institutions (MFIs) model. Among the two models, the Self-Help Group model has been accepted as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation and employment generation which improves the income level as well as the living condition of the poor people. It not only generates employment but also contributes to the household income of the beneficiaries. Microfinance in India has achieved a new turn after the formation of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in the year 1982. Since its inception, NABARD has been conducting many research programs for delivering financial services at a large scale, creating self-employment, and also providing loans rather than grants to its beneficiaries. In the year 1992 NABARD launched the "Self Help Group (SHG)-Bank Linkage Programme" for providing affordable banking services to the doorstep and is now marked as the largest microfinance programme in the world. As on 31st March 2020, 12.4 crore households and more than 102 lakh SHGs with a deposit of over Rs 26,000 crore are covered under the SHG-Bank Linkage Programme.

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Self Help Groups (SHGs), Microfinance Finance Institutions (MFIs), employment generation, poverty elimination Socio-economic development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition