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Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

Volume 13 | Issue 12 | Month  
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  Paper Title: Review On Targeting the Autonomic Nervous System

  Author Name(s): Vighnesh Katore, Omkar Gore, Dr. Vijaykumar Kale, Dr. Mahesh Thakare, Vaibhav Narwade

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512867

  Register Paper ID - 299356

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512867 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 412208 , Pune, 412208 , | Research Area: Pharmacy All

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512867
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  Title: REVIEW ON TARGETING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 12  | Year: December 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Pharmacy All

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 12

 Pages: h611-h630

 Year: December 2025

 Downloads: 40

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

The autonomic nervous system handles key bodily tasks - like heartbeat, breathing, gut function, and hormone release - not requiring conscious thought. Due to its central role, drugs often aim at this system, particularly for issues tied to circulation, lungs, brain health, or metabolism. Here's a clear look at how the ANS is built, what chemicals it uses, plus breakthroughs in drugs affecting adrenaline and acetylcholine pathways. Lately, scientists have worked on fine-tuning which receptors get activated, aiming to limit unwanted reactions while boosting treatment accuracy. Today's adrenaline-like meds - like targeted ?1, ?2, ?1, or ?2 regulators along with extended-release ?2 activators - tend to last longer while posing fewer risks. In the same way, updated nerve-signaling drugs, such as specific muscarinic adjusters paired with next-gen enzyme blockers, deliver real patient gains in lung and brain conditions. The review dives into how things like SAR progress, one-sided activation, besides allostery shifted medication development. It checks today's ANS meds used for heart issues, breathing problems, lung trouble, stomach disorders, along with mental health cases. On top of that, it points out ongoing hurdles - unintended side actions, reduced receptor response, plus mix-ups between medicines - that still mess with real-world treatment.Emerging ideas - like tailoring meds using genetic info, using tiny particles to deliver drugs more precisely, creating compounds that do two jobs at once, or applying smart algorithms to find new treatments - are shaping how we'll treat nervous system disorders down the line. Mixing today's science with targeted receptor strategies means tomorrow's medicines could be safer, work better, because they're built around real patient needs. All things considered, this look back shows why smarter adrenaline- and acetylcholine-focused therapies matter more now when handling long-lasting health issues.


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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS),Adrenergic Drugs,Cholinergic Drugs,Receptor Selectivity,?-Blockers,Muscarinic Modulators,Biased Agonism.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: Wide Local Excision Of Lower Lip Tumour With Local Rotation Mucocutaneous Flap With Functional Neck Dissection In Carcinoma Of Lower Lip - Case Study

  Author Name(s): Dr. Sushmita Devidas Chavan, Dr. Dipak Poman, Dr. Nitin Nalawade

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512866

  Register Paper ID - 299339

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512866 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 411011 , Pune, 411011 , | Research Area: Humanities All

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512866
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  Title: WIDE LOCAL EXCISION OF LOWER LIP TUMOUR WITH LOCAL ROTATION MUCOCUTANEOUS FLAP WITH FUNCTIONAL NECK DISSECTION IN CARCINOMA OF LOWER LIP - CASE STUDY

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 12  | Year: December 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Humanities All

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 12

 Pages: h602-h610

 Year: December 2025

 Downloads: 40

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

Carcinoma of the lip is a common oral malignancy with potential for regional lymph node spread. Wide local excision with adequate margins remains the primary treatment to achieve oncological clearance. Reconstruction of the post-excisional defect using a suitable local flap helps restore lip function and cosmetic appearance. Neck dissection is performed to manage or prevent cervical lymph node metastasis. Histopathological evaluation confirms margin status and nodal involvement. This combined surgical approach provides effective disease control with satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes.


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Squamous cell carcinoma, Neck Dissection, Lower Lip, Wide Local excision

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  Paper Title: Assess the Knowledge of Staff Nurses on the Practice of Aseptic Technique during Care of Neonates at Selected Hospitals in Bangalore

  Author Name(s): JULICE VARUGHESE

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512865

  Register Paper ID - 299524

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512865 and DOI : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i12.299524

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 562112 , BANGALURU, 562112 , | Research Area: Health Science All

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512865
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  Title: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF STAFF NURSES ON THE PRACTICE OF ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE DURING CARE OF NEONATES AT SELECTED HOSPITALS IN BANGALORE

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i12.299524

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 12  | Year: December 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Health Science All

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 12

 Pages: h593-h601

 Year: December 2025

 Downloads: 58

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

Aseptic techniques are essential in preventing infections in neonatal care, a field where even minor lapses can have significant consequences. Evaluating the knowledge of staff nurses, who are on the front line of neonatal care, are crucial to maintaining high standards of patient safety and care quality. Objectives of the study : 1. To assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding aseptic techniques in neonatal care. 2. To identify areas of strength and areas need for improvement in staff nurse knowledge regarding aseptic techniques in neonatal care. 3. To know the relationship between demographic factors (e.g., gender, age, educational background, experience) and knowledge levels. Methods : Methods Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study design. Setting: Selected hospitals in Bangalore, India. Participants: 85% female and 15% male nurses participated in the study, with a mean age of 29.5 years. The educational background of the participants included 50% with a Diploma in Nursing, 40% with a Bachelor's degree, and 10% with a Master's degree. Experience varied, with 40% of nurses having 1-3 years of experience, and 35% having received specialized training in neonatal care. Data Collection: A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of aseptic techniques, covering areas such as hand hygiene, sterilization procedures, and the use of personal protective equipment. The questionnaire was validated for content and reliability. Data Analysis: Knowledge scores were calculated, with mean scores, SD and percentages used to categorize the levels of knowledge. Statistical analysis, including Chi-square tests and ANOVA, was conducted to find out the influence of demographic factors on knowledge scores. Results Knowledge Scores: The mean knowledge score was 75.2% (SD = 10.4), with a range from 50% to 90%. Distribution of scores showed that 20% of nurses were in the "Excellent" category (85-100%), 50% in the "Good" category (70-84%), 25% in the "Fair" category (50-69%), and 5% in the "Poor" category (below 50%). ? Strong Knowledge Areas: Nurses demonstrated strong knowledge in hand hygiene (90% correct) and the use of personal protective equipment (85% correct). ? Areas Needing Improvement: Lower scores were observed in sterilization procedures (60% correct), handling of sterile equipment (65% correct), and infection control measures (70% correct), indicating areas where further training is required. ? Influencing Factors: Higher knowledge scores were significantly associated with higher educational qualifications (Bachelor's or Master's degree), more than 3 years of experience, and specialized training in neonatal care (p < 0.05).


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 Keywords

Practice, Aseptic technique, Neonates, Staff Nurses

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  Paper Title: GLOBAL EDUCATION STANDARD (VS) LOCAL CURRICULAM NEEDS

  Author Name(s): Sofiya Banu D

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512864

  Register Paper ID - 298896

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512864 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 637214 , Tiruchengode, Namakkal (Dt), 637214 , | Research Area: Languages

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512864
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  Title: GLOBAL EDUCATION STANDARD (VS) LOCAL CURRICULAM NEEDS

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 12  | Year: December 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Languages

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 12

 Pages: h589-h592

 Year: December 2025

 Downloads: 53

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

This paper highlights the significance of E-Learning in modern education and discusses its technical aspect, market and comparison with instructor led training and possibility of whether E-Learning will replace the old classroom teaching. Presently the concept of E-Learning is becoming very popular as the number of internet savvy users is increasing. As the global education landscape evolves, the tension between international educations standards and local curriculum needs has become a critical area of study. Global education frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and initiatives by international bodies like UNESCO, advocate for universal education objectives, including access to quality education, literacy, and skills development. Many institutions of higher education and universities are resorting to E-Learning. Big corporate companies are also heavily investing in E-Learning and setting up interactive classrooms. Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), the world largest open university launched a 24X7 and 365 days a year-round access as compared to instructor-led training, which is one time class that must be schedule. E-Learning also provides students freedom from carrying heavy school bags and stop cutting of trees for the sake of paper, pencil and rubber.


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Ancient (VS) Modern Learning, Education, E-Learning.

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  Paper Title: Children with special needs (CWSN): cause, identification, remedial and inclusive educational practices

  Author Name(s): SK ANARUL HOQUE.

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512863

  Register Paper ID - 299326

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512863 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 731121 , Birbhum, 731121 , | Research Area: Other area not in list

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512863
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  Title: CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS (CWSN): CAUSE, IDENTIFICATION, REMEDIAL AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 12  | Year: December 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Other area not in list

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 12

 Pages: h586-h588

 Year: December 2025

 Downloads: 58

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

Children with special needs or CWSIN (Children with special Needs) refers to those children who need additional support in the normal educational process due to physical, mental, intellectual, neurological or behavioral limitations. Currently, inclusive education is recognized as an important concept in educational philosophy. Recognized. This research paper discusses in detail the concept of children with special needs, the causes of their occurrence, identification of symptoms, the role of remedial measures, and government initiatives.


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Children with special needs (CWSN): cause, identification, remedial and inclusive educational practices

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  Paper Title: A Critical Analysis of Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Factors Between Netball and Handball Female Players

  Author Name(s): Miss, Preeti Melinamani, Dr. Hanumathayya Pujari

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512862

  Register Paper ID - 299475

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512862 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 58108 , Vijayapura, 58108 , | Research Area: Medical Science All

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512862
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  Title: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND ANTHROPOMETRIC FACTORS BETWEEN NETBALL AND HANDBALL FEMALE PLAYERS

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 12  | Year: December 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Medical Science All

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 12

 Pages: h581-h585

 Year: December 2025

 Downloads: 44

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to critically analyze and compare selected physical fitness and anthropometric variables between inter-collegiate female netball and handball players. A total of 30 female players (Netball = 15, Handball = 15) aged between 19 and 22 years, representing the inter-collegiate level, were selected as subjects using purposive sampling technique. Selected physical fitness variables included speed, agility, muscular strength, explosive power, and cardiovascular endurance, while anthropometric variables included height, body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and arm length. Standardized tests were administered to collect data. Mean, standard deviation, and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed significant differences in agility, explosive power, and arm length, while no significant differences were found in speed, BMI, and cardiovascular endurance. The findings highlight sport-specific fitness and anthropometric requirements of female netball and handball players.


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Keywords: Physical fitness, Anthropometric variables, Netball, Handball, Inter-collegiate female players

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  Paper Title: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY OF RAMANYANA: LESSONS FOR MODERN SOCIETY

  Author Name(s): NIMISHA DADHICH, ALOK CHOUHAN

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512861

  Register Paper ID - 299568

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512861 and DOI : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i12.299568

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, - , -, - , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512861
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  Title: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY OF RAMANYANA: LESSONS FOR MODERN SOCIETY

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i12.299568

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 12  | Year: December 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 12

 Pages: h576-h580

 Year: December 2025

 Downloads: 63

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

Along with a mythic tale of exile, fighting, and return, the epic Ramayana portrays a complex network of interregional political alliances spanning multiple ecological zones, terrains, and social domains. This study examines the formation and functioning of these cross-regional alliances through the interwoven lenses of geography (lands, forests, rivers, coasts, and islands), polity (kingdoms, forest/domains, and non-state actors) and social networks (alliances, reciprocity, and boundary crossing). It illustrates how the main character Rama mobilizes the support of forest tribes, vanaras, island kingdoms and local monarchs in a manner that transcends simple territorial dominance and instead depicts a networked polity adaptable to many geographies and social groups. A detailed case study of alliances with Sugriva (vanara-king of Kishkindha), Vibhishana (defecting king of Lanka) and forest/tribal rulers (like Guha) illustrates the combined role of topography and social connectedness in alliance building. The findings suggest that the alliance logic of the Ramayana anticipates a flexible type of government that stresses reciprocal duties, network relationships and geographic adaptation rather than rigid territorial dominance. Thus, the study promotes the use of GIS and network analytic methods in epic geographies and increases our understanding of how models of interregional social and political integration are encoded in mythological narratives.


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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY OF RAMANYANA: LESSONS FOR MODERN SOCIETY

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  Paper Title: Performance Appraisal, Compensation Practice And Teachers' Job Performance In Public Secondary Schools In Delta State Nigeria

  Author Name(s): Akpojotor Godstime Emuejevoke, Prof. ASIYAL, Romina I.

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512859

  Register Paper ID - 298928

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512859 and DOI :

  Author Country : Foreign Author, India, - , -, - , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512859
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  Title: PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL, COMPENSATION PRACTICE AND TEACHERS' JOB PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DELTA STATE NIGERIA

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 12  | Year: December 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Foreign Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 12

 Pages: h558-h565

 Year: December 2025

 Downloads: 54

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

The attainment of quality education system depends largely on human resources who implement education programmes. This means that lack or inadequate provision for human resources management for secondary school teachers Delta state could make teachers to be less committed to their work and less performance. This study examined human resource practices and teacher job performance in public secondary schools in Delta State. seven research questions and seven hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted ex-post -facto research design using correlation. The population of the study comprised all public secondary school principals and teachers in Delta State. A sample of 541 which consist of 274 principals and 267 teachers in Delta State public secondary schools was selected. The sample size was drawn from the 25 local government of Delta State which represent 60%. was selected using a stratified random sampling technique to ensure proportional representation across the schools. Two instruments were used for data collection: Performance appraiser questionnaire (PAQ) and Compensation system Questionnaire (CSQ). The instruments were validated through face and content validity, the initial draft was presented to the supervisor and two experts with expertise in educational administration within the Department of Educational Management and Foundations at Delta State University, Abraka. In order to answer the research questions, descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation and coefficient of determination as well as inferential statistics such as Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 significance level. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient (r) and coefficient of determination (r2) values was used to test the hypothesis All hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance Findings of the study revealed that (i) There is a significant relationship between performance appraiser system and teachers' job performance in public secondary schools in Delta State. (ii) There is a significant relationship between compensation practice system and teachers' job performance in public secondary schools in Delta State. Based on these findings, it was recommended, among others that the (i) The performance appraisal system should be transparent, objective, timely, and developmental rather than punitive. (ii) The state government should periodically review and enhance the compensation package (salaries, allowances, and non-monetary benefits) for teachers to make it competitive and commensurate with their qualifications and job demands, as compensation significantly relates to motivation and performance.


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Performance Appraisal, Compensation Practice, Job Performance, Secondary Schools

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  Paper Title: Implementation of Digital Quality Management Systems in Indian Pharmaceutical Industries

  Author Name(s): Swaraj Sunil Jadhao, Bhagyashri A. Borade, Prof. (Dr.) S. J. Dighade

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512858

  Register Paper ID - 299433

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512858 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 444606 , Amravati, 444606 , | Research Area: Pharmacy All

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512858
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  Title: IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 12  | Year: December 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Pharmacy All

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 12

 Pages: h551-h557

 Year: December 2025

 Downloads: 38

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

The pharmaceutical industry in India is undergoing a major digital transformation driven by the increasing need for regulatory compliance, data integrity, operational efficiency, and global competitiveness. Traditional paper-based Quality Management Systems (QMS) are often associated with process delays, manual errors, limited traceability, and challenges in audit readiness. As a result, pharmaceutical organizations are progressively shifting toward Digital Quality Management Systems (DQMS), integrating technologies such as cloud computing, automation, artificial intelligence, electronic documentation, and real-time analytics. DQMS enables standardized, interconnected, and data-driven quality processes, including deviation management, CAPA, change control, document management, training, and batch record review. The transition to digital platforms aligns with global regulatory frameworks such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Data Integrity (ALCOA+), FDA 21 CFR Part 11, and EU Annex 11. In the Indian context, the adoption of DQMS is growing across manufacturing units, especially those exporting to regulated markets; however, implementation challenges such as high investment cost, workforce digital skills, system validation, and cybersecurity risks remain. This review focuses on the implementation landscape, benefits, challenges, regulatory expectations, and future scope of DQMS in Indian pharmaceutical industries, highlighting its role in transforming quality culture and strengthening global compliance.


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Digital Quality Management System (DQMS), Indian Pharmaceutical Industry, Regulatory Compliance, Data Integrity, FDA 21 CFR Part 11, EU Annex 11, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Pharmaceutical Quality Systems, Quality Culture, Electronic Documentation, Validation, Industry 4.0, Real-time Analytics, Digital Transformation, CAPA, Change Control, Pharma 4.0, Cloud-based QMS.

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  Paper Title: Ethical Boundaries Between Human and Mechines in Ian McEwan's Mechines Like Me

  Author Name(s): Dephni David J.W

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512857

  Register Paper ID - 299473

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512857 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, - , -, - , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512857
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  Title: ETHICAL BOUNDARIES BETWEEN HUMAN AND MECHINES IN IAN MCEWAN'S MECHINES LIKE ME

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 12  | Year: December 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 12

 Pages: h547-h550

 Year: December 2025

 Downloads: 45

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

Ian McEwan's Machines Like Me explores the ethical boundaries between humans and machines in a world where artificial intelligence possesses moral awareness. The novel presents a humanoid robot, Adam, who is capable of thinking, feeling and making ethical decisions. Through Adam's interaction with human characters, McEwan questions whether machines can follow moral values better than humans and whether such moral perfection is safe.The novel highlights a clear difference between human ethics and machine ethics. Humans make moral decisions based on emotions, personal relationships and social circumstances, while machines follow strict rules of truth and justice. When Adam reports a past crime committed by a human character, his action exposes the conflict between justice and compassion. This incident shows how machine ethics lack emotional understanding, even when morally correct. This article argues that Machines Like Me presents artificial intelligence as a challenge to human morality rather than a solution. McEwan suggests that ethical boundaries are necessary because morality cannot exist without empathy, forgiveness and emotional responsibility. The novel ultimately emphasizes that human moral imperfection is essential to ethical life and cannot be replaced by machine logic.


Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ethics, Artificial Intelligence,Human-Machine Relationship, Moral Responsibility, Consciousness, Machine Ethics, Human Values.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition



Call For Paper February 2026
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ISSN and 7.97 Impact Factor Details


ISSN
ISSN
ISSN: 2320-2882
Impact Factor: 7.97 and ISSN APPROVED
Journal Starting Year (ESTD) : 2013
ISSN
ISSN and 7.97 Impact Factor Details


ISSN
ISSN
ISSN: 2320-2882
Impact Factor: 7.97 and ISSN APPROVED
Journal Starting Year (ESTD) : 2013
ISSN
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