Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Children with special needs or CWSIN (Children with special Needs) refers to those children who need additional support in the normal educational process due to physical, mental, intellectual, neurological or behavioral limitations. Currently, inclusive education is recognized as an important concept in educational philosophy. Recognized. This research paper discusses in detail the concept of children with special needs, the causes of their occurrence, identification of symptoms, the role of remedial measures, and government initiatives.

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Children with special needs (CWSN): cause, identification, remedial and inclusive educational practices

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The purpose of the present study was to critically analyze and compare selected physical fitness and anthropometric variables between inter-collegiate female netball and handball players. A total of 30 female players (Netball = 15, Handball = 15) aged between 19 and 22 years, representing the inter-collegiate level, were selected as subjects using purposive sampling technique. Selected physical fitness variables included speed, agility, muscular strength, explosive power, and cardiovascular endurance, while anthropometric variables included height, body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and arm length. Standardized tests were administered to collect data. Mean, standard deviation, and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed significant differences in agility, explosive power, and arm length, while no significant differences were found in speed, BMI, and cardiovascular endurance. The findings highlight sport-specific fitness and anthropometric requirements of female netball and handball players.

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Keywords: Physical fitness, Anthropometric variables, Netball, Handball, Inter-collegiate female players

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Along with a mythic tale of exile, fighting, and return, the epic Ramayana portrays a complex network of interregional political alliances spanning multiple ecological zones, terrains, and social domains. This study examines the formation and functioning of these cross-regional alliances through the interwoven lenses of geography (lands, forests, rivers, coasts, and islands), polity (kingdoms, forest/domains, and non-state actors) and social networks (alliances, reciprocity, and boundary crossing). It illustrates how the main character Rama mobilizes the support of forest tribes, vanaras, island kingdoms and local monarchs in a manner that transcends simple territorial dominance and instead depicts a networked polity adaptable to many geographies and social groups. A detailed case study of alliances with Sugriva (vanara-king of Kishkindha), Vibhishana (defecting king of Lanka) and forest/tribal rulers (like Guha) illustrates the combined role of topography and social connectedness in alliance building. The findings suggest that the alliance logic of the Ramayana anticipates a flexible type of government that stresses reciprocal duties, network relationships and geographic adaptation rather than rigid territorial dominance. Thus, the study promotes the use of GIS and network analytic methods in epic geographies and increases our understanding of how models of interregional social and political integration are encoded in mythological narratives.

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY OF RAMANYANA: LESSONS FOR MODERN SOCIETY

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The attainment of quality education system depends largely on human resources who implement education programmes. This means that lack or inadequate provision for human resources management for secondary school teachers Delta state could make teachers to be less committed to their work and less performance. This study examined human resource practices and teacher job performance in public secondary schools in Delta State. seven research questions and seven hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted ex-post -facto research design using correlation. The population of the study comprised all public secondary school principals and teachers in Delta State. A sample of 541 which consist of 274 principals and 267 teachers in Delta State public secondary schools was selected. The sample size was drawn from the 25 local government of Delta State which represent 60%. was selected using a stratified random sampling technique to ensure proportional representation across the schools. Two instruments were used for data collection: Performance appraiser questionnaire (PAQ) and Compensation system Questionnaire (CSQ). The instruments were validated through face and content validity, the initial draft was presented to the supervisor and two experts with expertise in educational administration within the Department of Educational Management and Foundations at Delta State University, Abraka. In order to answer the research questions, descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation and coefficient of determination as well as inferential statistics such as Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 significance level. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient (r) and coefficient of determination (r2) values was used to test the hypothesis All hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance Findings of the study revealed that (i) There is a significant relationship between performance appraiser system and teachers' job performance in public secondary schools in Delta State. (ii) There is a significant relationship between compensation practice system and teachers' job performance in public secondary schools in Delta State. Based on these findings, it was recommended, among others that the (i) The performance appraisal system should be transparent, objective, timely, and developmental rather than punitive. (ii) The state government should periodically review and enhance the compensation package (salaries, allowances, and non-monetary benefits) for teachers to make it competitive and commensurate with their qualifications and job demands, as compensation significantly relates to motivation and performance.

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Performance Appraisal, Compensation Practice, Job Performance, Secondary Schools

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The pharmaceutical industry in India is undergoing a major digital transformation driven by the increasing need for regulatory compliance, data integrity, operational efficiency, and global competitiveness. Traditional paper-based Quality Management Systems (QMS) are often associated with process delays, manual errors, limited traceability, and challenges in audit readiness. As a result, pharmaceutical organizations are progressively shifting toward Digital Quality Management Systems (DQMS), integrating technologies such as cloud computing, automation, artificial intelligence, electronic documentation, and real-time analytics. DQMS enables standardized, interconnected, and data-driven quality processes, including deviation management, CAPA, change control, document management, training, and batch record review. The transition to digital platforms aligns with global regulatory frameworks such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Data Integrity (ALCOA+), FDA 21 CFR Part 11, and EU Annex 11. In the Indian context, the adoption of DQMS is growing across manufacturing units, especially those exporting to regulated markets; however, implementation challenges such as high investment cost, workforce digital skills, system validation, and cybersecurity risks remain. This review focuses on the implementation landscape, benefits, challenges, regulatory expectations, and future scope of DQMS in Indian pharmaceutical industries, highlighting its role in transforming quality culture and strengthening global compliance.

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Digital Quality Management System (DQMS), Indian Pharmaceutical Industry, Regulatory Compliance, Data Integrity, FDA 21 CFR Part 11, EU Annex 11, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Pharmaceutical Quality Systems, Quality Culture, Electronic Documentation, Validation, Industry 4.0, Real-time Analytics, Digital Transformation, CAPA, Change Control, Pharma 4.0, Cloud-based QMS.

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Ian McEwan's Machines Like Me explores the ethical boundaries between humans and machines in a world where artificial intelligence possesses moral awareness. The novel presents a humanoid robot, Adam, who is capable of thinking, feeling and making ethical decisions. Through Adam's interaction with human characters, McEwan questions whether machines can follow moral values better than humans and whether such moral perfection is safe.The novel highlights a clear difference between human ethics and machine ethics. Humans make moral decisions based on emotions, personal relationships and social circumstances, while machines follow strict rules of truth and justice. When Adam reports a past crime committed by a human character, his action exposes the conflict between justice and compassion. This incident shows how machine ethics lack emotional understanding, even when morally correct. This article argues that Machines Like Me presents artificial intelligence as a challenge to human morality rather than a solution. McEwan suggests that ethical boundaries are necessary because morality cannot exist without empathy, forgiveness and emotional responsibility. The novel ultimately emphasizes that human moral imperfection is essential to ethical life and cannot be replaced by machine logic.

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Ethics, Artificial Intelligence,Human-Machine Relationship, Moral Responsibility, Consciousness, Machine Ethics, Human Values.

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Abstract: This research examines the fiscal management practices of officials of the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) in the context of implementing fiscal autonomy under Republic Act No. 10742 in Tarlac City. The study systematically evaluated fiscal management practices in budgeting, receipts and deposits, and disbursement and payment processes to determine the extent to which SK officials comply with fiscal regulations and guidelines prescribed by law and policy. It also considered the experiences and problems encountered in fiscal management, particularly the gaps between fiscal autonomy as mandated by law and its actual implementation at the barangay level. The study employed a quantitative descriptive research design and utilized a structured questionnaire to gather data from SK Chairpersons, SK Treasurers, and selected officials from the Department of the Interior and Local Government and the Commission on Audit. Descriptive statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, and mean were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that SK officials generally demonstrated a moderate level of compliance with fiscal management standards, with budgeting and documentation practices more consistently observed than procedures related to fund deposits and disbursement. However, several challenges were identified, including delays in fund access, limited fiscal management skills, insufficient training, and procedural constraints that affected the full exercise of fiscal autonomy. Based on these findings, the study recommends the conduct of regular and mandatory fiscal management training for SK officials, the streamlining of fund release and approval procedures, and strengthened coordination among SK officials, barangay officials, and oversight agencies. These measures are expected to enhance transparency, accountability, and effective youth participation in local governance. The study contributes to the body of knowledge in public administration by identifying institutional areas that may be strengthened to support the effective implementation of fiscal autonomy at the grassroots level.

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Fiscal Managemen, Sangguniang Kabataan, Local Governance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract In an increasingly saturated educational marketplace, traditional feature-benefit marketing has lost efficacy. This paper evaluates the strategic application of storytelling in content marketing within the educational sector. By synthesizing secondary data from 2023-2025 marketing reports, behavioral psychology frameworks, and institutional case studies, this study investigates how narrative structures foster emotional resonance, optimize retention, and drive enrollment. Analysis reveals that narrative-driven content generates 22% higher engagement rates than informational content alone. Furthermore, institutions leveraging student-centric "hero journeys" see a measurable lift in lead-to-enrollment conversion. The findings provide a strategic framework for educational marketers to operationalize storytelling across digital touchpoints.

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Educational Marketing, Digital Storytelling, Student Enrollment, Content Strategy, Brand Narrative, Higher Education.

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Abstract Over the years Mah?bh?rata, the great Indian epic, has been exerting deep influence on the life and psyche of large sections of people of the Indian sub continent. Numerous life situations have been portrayed in the epic with picturesque details. The characters in the epic no more appear to us as remote shadows. They live and pervade like real beings in a thousand situations of our daily life. A deep perusal of the epic reveals that the epic has a number of major and minor female characters who appears as telling examples of the unending miseries into which they are thrown solely because they happen to be women and solely because each episode is portrayed from a male gaze. The story of M?dhav? constitutes one such episode which has several undertones in it regarding the predicament of women. The present paper is an attempt to analyse the story of M?dhav? within modern feministic Perspectives.

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M?dhav?,G?lava,Vi?v?mitra,predicament,patriarchal,authority,staked,Yay?ti,sojourn,virgin,Harya?va,Divod?sa,U??nara,pawn,silent,agonising,eloquent,protest,mistreated,untold sorrows, women folk, Vadh?sar?,chasteness , loyalty.

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Fly ash; Polymer composites; Cold-setting resin; Hydrothermal curing; Compressive strength; Microhardness; Wear behaviour; Thermal conductivity; SEM; XRD; FTIR; Sustainable building materials.

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