Volume 12 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Abstract Indian societies particularly Kerala society was marked for the existence of a rigid caste system. People were bound together by the caste rules and violating it leads to caste ostracism. Brahmins of Kerala who were generally called by the name Namboodiris, were the strict followers of their caste rules and these rules pulled them behind in the society, with the introduction of English education. A group of young people emerged among from them to work for the community reforms and established Yogakshemasabha to impart the importance of English education and to gradually bring an upliftment in their life.

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Key words: Namboodiri, Yogakshemasabha, English Education, V T Bhattathirippad, Yuvajanasangham

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Biosimilars are officially approved versions of original biopharmaceutical products whose patents have expired. The first generation of biopharmaceutical products, developed using recombinant technologies, was introduced in the 1980s and are now approaching patent expiration. Biologics are produced by cultured cells or whole organisms, which naturally results in more variability compared to chemical synthesis methods As a result, unlike generic pharmaceuticals, it is not possible to create an identical copy of an innovator product. Biosimilars are approved based on the same rigorous standards of pharmaceutical quality, safety, and efficacy that apply to all biological medicines. In the coming decades, biosimilar drugs are expected to surpass small molecule pharmaceuticals. The uptake of biosimilars is expected to keep growing as new blockbuster biological drugs continue to enter the pharmaceutical market. This review discusses the current trends and future prospects of biosimilars.

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Biosimilar, Biologics, Reference product, follow on biologics, Biopharmaceutical, Innovator biopharmaceutical product

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Fagonia Shweinfurthii Hadidi is a part of Zygophyllaceae family, has grabbed considerable attention due to its therapeutic potential. This review outlines the pharmacological activity, bioactive substances and possible therapeutic uses of Fagonia Shweinfurthii that can address many health issues. Fagonia is known for its various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and anticancer properties. Flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids are its main active ingredients and they play main role in its therapeutic effectiveness. Fagonia Shweinfurthii Hadidi has also shown protective action against liver harm, heart diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Even though various researches are going on, the mechanism behind its therapeutic effects is not properly known, it will require additional studies on its pharmacokinetics, safety profiles and clinical efficacy. This review highlights the pharmacological potential of Fagonia Shweinfurthii Hadidi and also encourage its investigation as a source for new natural products aimed for the creation of future therapeutic approaches.

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Fagonia Shweinfurthii Hadidi, Dhamasa, Antioxidant Activity, Phytochemical, Anti-inflammatory

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This paper seeks to elucidate the concept of the centre and its broader implications. It critically examines the intricate architecture of the colonial education system and its pervasive impact on the current postcolonial global order. The analysis extends to the roles of culture and language in fostering the continuity and evolution of civilisations.

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Centrism, The Global South, Cultural identity, Christianity, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Ethnicities, Neo-Colonialism

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The admissibility of electronic evidence in Indian courts has become a critical issue in the age of digital communication and technological advancement. With the increasing reliance on electronic records for both criminal and civil cases, the Indian legal framework, primarily governed by the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, has undergone significant reforms. Specifically, Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act, inserted by the IT Act, 2000, establishes the conditions under which electronic records may be admissible as evidence in courts. However, despite these advancements, the application and interpretation of the legal provisions surrounding electronic evidence present numerous challenges. The paper explores the legal framework governing the admissibility of electronic records, examining both the requirements for the authenticity and reliability of digital evidence. The paper focuses on the procedural aspects of Section 65B, which mandates a certificate of authenticity from a responsible person involved in the creation or storage of the electronic record, but also highlights the complexities courts face in ensuring its compliance. It critically analyzes key judicial decisions, such as State (NCT of Delhi) v. Navjot Sandhu, which dealt with the admissibility of electronic evidence in the context of terrorism-related cases and established important precedents. The analysis further identifies challenges related to digital forensics, particularly in ensuring the integrity and preservation of electronic evidence, as well as issues regarding the chain of custody and the vulnerability of digital records to tampering or manipulation. Moreover, the paper delves into emerging challenges such as the admissibility of social media content, email evidence, and metadata in criminal and civil proceedings. Given the rapid evolution of technology, the legal framework in India must be continually updated to address new forms of digital evidence and prevent abuse or misuse. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for improving the admissibility standards and the overall judicial approach to electronic evidence in Indian courts.

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Electronic Evidence, Admissibility, Indian Evidence Act, Section 65B, Digital Forensics

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This study makes an attempt at exploring the role of teacher feedback in enhancing students' academic performance, confidence, and motivation, with a focus on undergraduate education in Nagaland. Through the use of a structured questionnaire, the study has conducted a survey with 60 student respondents from both government and private colleges in Kohima, Dimapur and Pfutsero, administered online for convenience. The study has found that the feedback practices are inadequate though the students' perceive that there would be positive impact of feedback on their academic growth. The study makes a call for teacher training programs and policy reforms to prioritize effective feedback. It is an attempt at highlighting the paramount importance of teacher feedback in fostering a supportive and substantial learning environment for students.

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Teacher Feedback, Student Confidence, Motivation and Academic Engagement

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Cancer remains a major global health concern characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Early detection is essential for improving survival rates, prompting advancements in diagnostic technologies. Traditional methods such as imaging, biopsies, and laboratory tests, while foundational, face limitations in sensitivity, particularly for early-stage cancers. Recent breakthroughs include advanced imaging techniques like Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which provide precise insights into tumour anatomy and metabolic activity. Molecular diagnostics, including multi-parameter flow cytometry, synthetic biomarkers, and liquid biopsy, enhance early detection by identifying specific tumour markers in blood or tissues. Nanotechnology, with tools like gold nanoparticles and quantum dots, improves sensitivity for biomarker detection and imaging. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizes diagnostics by automating imaging analysis, improving accuracy, and facilitating early-stage cancer detection in breast and colorectal cancers. Emerging tools such as microfluidic technology, exosome analysis, and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) monitoring further refine early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. These advancements enable non-invasive, highly sensitive detection methods, improving personalized treatment strategies, disease monitoring, and overall patient outcomes.

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Types of cancer, Cancer screening, Treatment, Early cancer diagnosis, advancement

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In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, organizations increasingly rely on advanced analytics and business intelligence (BI) tools to enhance strategic decision-making. This paper explores the transformative potential of predictive and prescriptive analytics in guiding enterprises toward informed choices. Predictive analytics leverages historical data and statistical algorithms to forecast future outcomes, enabling businesses to anticipate market trends, customer behaviour's, and operational challenges. Meanwhile, prescriptive analytics takes a step further by recommending actionable strategies based on predictive insights, optimizing resources and enhancing performance. By integrating these analytical approaches, organizations can cultivate a data-driven culture that promotes agility and innovation. This paper discusses case studies illustrating successful implementations of these tools across various industries, highlighting key benefits such as improved forecasting accuracy, enhanced risk management, and increased competitive advantage. Furthermore, it addresses challenges related to data quality, integration, and the need for skilled personnel, offering insights into best practices for overcoming these obstacles. Ultimately, this research underscores the critical role of advanced analytics and BI in shaping strategic initiatives and driving sustainable growth in modern enterprises.

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Market Business Analytics and Strategic Planning: Leveraging 21st Century Techniques for Informed Decision Making

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AI-driven cloud infrastructures have transformed computational environments by providing scalable, flexible, and efficient solutions for handling complex workloads. Nonetheless, resource management in these systems is a considerable problem owing to fluctuating workload requirements, budget limitations, and performance optimization compromises. This research presents an innovative multi-objective framework that combines reinforcement learning with advanced optimization methods to tackle these difficulties. The system allocates resources dynamically by optimizing performance, cost efficiency, and energy consumption, hence ensuring scalability and adaptation to various workload conditions. Experimental assessments illustrate the framework's capacity to sustain elevated performance and cost-effectiveness while reducing response times and energy consumption. The findings underscore the framework's applicability in practical scenarios, encompassing IoT analytics, AI model training, and edge computing. This study establishes a solid basis for future progress in intelligent resource management inside cloud-based systems.

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AI-driven Cloud, Resource Management, Multi-objective Optimization, Cost Efficiency, Performance Optimization.

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The introduction of multi-core architectures has greatly increased processing capacity, but it has also brought with it the need for real-time system scheduling. Conventional scheduling algorithms frequently can't handle these complexity effectively. In order to create sophisticated real-time scheduling algorithms for multi-core systems, this research investigates the application of machine learning techniques. Our goal is to maximize resource utilization and job scheduling to meet real-time restrictions by utilizing machine learning's predictive and adaptive capabilities.

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Real-Time Scheduling Algorithms, Multi-Core Architectures, Machine Learning

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