Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The nature of work in India has undergone a profound transformation in recent decades, driven by technological advancements, digitalisation, and evolving economic structures. A key manifestation of this shift is the gig economy, characterized by short-term, task-based, and flexible work arrangements facilitated through digital platforms. This study examines the growth, structure, and sectoral distribution of gig employment in India, highlighting its contribution to workforce participation and economic development. Drawing on secondary data, particularly the NITI Aayog (2022) [1] report, the analysis reveals a significant expansion of gig employment, with the number of gig workers projected to increase from 25.2 lakh in 2011-12 to 2.35 crore by 2029-30, accounting for nearly 6.7% of non-agricultural employment. The gig workforce is concentrated in service sectors such as transportation, retail, and food services, while also showing diversification into high-skilled digital and knowledge-based roles. While the gig economy enhances flexibility, autonomy, and inclusive participation--especially for youth and women--it also poses challenges, including income volatility, limited social security, and precarious working conditions. The study underscores the need for comprehensive policy interventions that balance the benefits of flexible work with adequate worker protections, skill development, and social security, thereby ensuring the sustainable integration of gig employment into India's labour market.

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 Keywords

Gig economy, platform work, employment generation, workforce transformation, digital labour

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Investigating the intersection of Pancha Bootha/ five elements with an eminent guru can make any landscape, Therapeutic. The importance of Geographic location opens a new dimension in the world of therapeutic landscapes. In the process of maintaining a physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being of an individual,Landscape plays an important role. The therapeutic spaces are not restricted to any geographic region, rather spread across civilizations. This paper delves into the concept of "Therapeutic Landscapes" and their profound significance on individual well being and healing process. Also, exploring how living organisms play a vital role in healing process,amplification of sound and silence in healing process are examined. Few case studies are analysed to make better understanding of inter-relationship between land, culture and health that make an environment therapeutic. One can get to know, how the materialistic influence can have a huge impact in one's healing process. The research highlights the role of nature and its temperament in fostering mind-body connection to have a holistic health. This paper aims to deepen the understanding on how therapeutic landscape can have positive effect on individuals' physical and mental health.

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 Keywords

Therapeutic Landscapes, Nature, Holistic health, Healing, Pancha boothas, Geography.

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Rapid urbanisation in city has led to increased population density, shrinking open spaces, and rising public health concerns such as physical inactivity, stress, and lifestyle-related diseases. In this context, urban parks have become important public spaces that support healthier urban living. This study examines the socio-economic benefits of urban parks in enhancing public health in Lucknow City, Uttar Pradesh. The main objectives of the study are to analyse patterns of urban park usage, to assess the impact of parks on physical and mental health, to examine their role in promoting social interaction, and to explore the perceived economic benefits associated with urban parks. The study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire survey of 240 respondents from different parks of Lucknow City. A descriptive and analytical research design was adopted, and the data were analysed using percentage-based and descriptive methods. The findings of the study indicate that a large proportion of city residents regularly use urban parks for activities such as walking, jogging, yoga, and relaxation. Most respondents reported improvements in physical health, including better fitness levels, reduced stress, and improved sleep quality. Urban parks were also found to contribute significantly to mental well-being by providing calm and green environments that help reduce anxiety and mental fatigue. In addition, parks function as important social spaces that encourage community interaction and strengthen social cohesion. From an economic perspective, urban parks support small-scale vendors, informal workers, and service providers, thereby contributing to local livelihoods. The study concludes that urban parks are not merely recreational spaces but essential components of public health and socio-economic infrastructure. Recognising and strengthening the role of urban parks in urban planning and policy-making is crucial for promoting sustainable, inclusive, and healthy urban development in cities like Lucknow.

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 Keywords

Urban Parks, Public Health, Sustainable Development, Urban Green Spaces, Socio-Economic Benefits, Social Inclusion, Emotional Wellbeing

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Pesticides are widely used for crop production because to prevent plant diseased, weeds, pests and to enhance the quality of the food products. Pesticides collected from Merck Mumbai. Such as Acephate, Acetamiprid and Imidacloprid were selected for the present study in order to determine their effects on the activities of soil enzyme urease. Results observed that the effects of selected pesticides on enzyme activity of urease enzyme flabbily decrease while without pesticides enzyme activity of urease enzyme flabbily increase

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 Keywords

Soil, Acephate, Acetamiprid, Imidacloropid and urease enzyme.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment to the Indian Constitution provided constitutional status to rural local self-government institutions (Panchayati Raj Institutions) and ensured reservation for women, thereby significantly increasing their political representation at the grassroots level. With a minimum of 33 percent reservation (extended to 50 percent in many states), women's participation in Gram Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis, and Zilla Parishads has expanded considerably. However, a gap continues to exist between numerical representation and effective participation in decision-making processes. This paper examines women's representation in rural local self-government institutions and analyzes its social consequences. The study highlights that women's participation in local governance has led to positive social outcomes such as greater emphasis on issues related to drinking water, sanitation, health, education, and women and child welfare. Women leaders also serve as role models, contributing to increased educational aspirations among girls, enhanced social awareness, and gradual changes in traditional gender attitudes within rural society. Furthermore, women's representation strengthens inclusive and participatory local democracy. At the same time, the study identifies several challenges that limit the effectiveness of women's representation, including patriarchal social structures, lack of education and administrative experience, proxy representation by male family members, and the burden of dual responsibilities at home and in public life. The paper concludes that women's representation in rural local self-government institutions has the potential to bring meaningful social transformation, provided it is supported by capacity-building measures, training, institutional support, and a conducive social environment.

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 Keywords

Rural Local Self-Government, Women's Representation, Panchayati Raj Institutions, Social Impact, Women Empowerment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Experiential Learning, Kolb Cycle, Perception, Mathematics, middle stage students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Takeshi Kitano's Hana-bi (1997) holds a unique spot in world cinema due to its careful emotional expression, unconventional story structure, and sudden bursts of violence. Unlike typical genre films, especially crime and police movies, Hana-bi builds emotional tension not through story escalation or character psychology, but through formal techniques in its editing. This paper explores how editing acts as an emotional framework in Hana-bi, shaping feelings through silence, broken time, and the contrast of calmness with unexpected violence. Using ideas from film phenomenology, trauma theory, and Japanese aesthetics--especially the concepts of impermanence--the study claims that Kitano's editing methods turn absence, delay, and disruption into key expressive elements. The paper also places Hana-bi within a larger Japanese film tradition by examining the impact of Yasujir? Ozu's subtle editing style and how Kitano reshapes that tradition in a modern, violence-driven context. By highlighting editing as the film's main emotional and moral structure, the study adds to larger conversations about emotional cinema, minimalism, and different ways of experiencing films.

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 Keywords

Takeshi Kitano; Hana-bi; Film Editing; Affective Cinema; Silence; Temporal Fragmentation; Japanese Cinema; Trauma and Memory; Yasujir? Ozu

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Manipur occupies a paradoxical position within India's federal and foreign policy architecture. While geographically peripheral, the state is strategically central to India's eastern frontier and its engagement with Southeast Asia. This article examines how coalition governance in Manipur shapes domestic political stability and, in turn, influences foreign policy implementation at the subnational level. Drawing on literature from coalition politics, federalism, and foreign policy analysis, the article argues that coalition governments in Manipur operate as mediating structures between the Indian state and its external environment, particularly in the context of India-Myanmar relations. Coalition instability, ethnic fragmentation, and centre-state bargaining dynamics affect border management, security cooperation, and connectivity initiatives, thereby producing indirect yet consequential foreign policy outcomes. By situating Manipur within a multi-level foreign policy framework, the article challenges centralised views of Indian foreign policy and demonstrates how subnational political configurations condition the effectiveness and credibility of external engagements. The study contributes to debates on subnational actors in foreign policy and advances a more granular understanding of India's eastern diplomacy.

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Coalition governance; Manipur; Domestic politics; Foreign policy implementation; Border states; Centre-state relations

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sustainability has become a critical focus in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector amidst environmental challenges like climate change, plastic pollution, and natural resource depletion. FMCG companies increasingly adopt eco-friendly practices such as sustainable sourcing, waste reduction, energy-efficient production, and responsible disposal, while consumers grow more aware through digital media and sustainability disclosures. This study investigates consumer awareness, usage, and satisfaction with green FMCG products.

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 Keywords

Green FMCG Products, Sustainable Consumption, Environmental Sustainability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The coefficient of permeability is a crucial parameter in soil mechanics, influencing groundwater flow and foundation stability. Darcy's Law, which states that the flow rate of a fluid through a porous medium is proportional to the hydraulic gradient, is fundamental in determining permeability. This experiment measures the permeability coefficient using a constant or falling head permeameter. The obtained results help in geotechnical applications like drainage design and slope stability. Accurate determination of permeability aids in predicting see page, controlling erosion, and designing hydraulic structures, ensuring safe and sustainable engineering solutions in civil and environmental projects.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Permeability, Co-Efficient, Hydraulic Gradient, Flow Rate, Seepage, Saturated Soil.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition