Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Digital constitutionalism refers to the collection of legal doctrines, statutory regimes, institutional norms, and normative arguments that aim to defend constitutional principles within a context characterised by platforms, datafication, surveillance, and automated decision making. This paper defines the concept, surveys global developments in the context of future digital constitutionalism systems, presents a comparative analysis of India, South Africa, and the United States, and also suggests doctrinal and institutional proposals for law and policy. The paper takes cognisance of the principal cases, such as K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India and Carpenter v. United States, as well as legislative evolution in the form of the European GDPR, the EU Digital Services Act (DSA), and India's Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act 2023. The chapter proposes three models of categorisation of the emerging scholarly approaches to digital constitutionalism and presents three categories of critical arguments that have been moved to the theories of digital constitutionalism. The chapter concludes with a personal counter-critique to these views. This research aims to analyse the concept of Digital Constitutionalism as a spirit of law, to examine the impact of technology on fundamental rights, to conduct a comparative study, and to balance the digital innovation with human rights in the future perspective of governance. This research explores the evolving and dynamic concept of digital constitutionalism in India, while raising an important question regarding its potential outcomes and transformations over the next decade...

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 Keywords

Digital constitutionalism, DPDP Act 2023, transformative constitutionalism, digital governance, accountability, technology, human dignity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Satellite internet and space networking represent the next frontier in the evolution of global connectivity. By utilizing advanced satellite constellations deployed in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), and Geostationary Orbit (GEO), these systems offer seamless internet access to remote and underserved regions of the planet. This paper presents an extensive overview of the architecture, communication flow, and performance parameters that define modern satellite-based internet systems. The research also explores the role of private and governmental initiatives--such as Starlink, OneWeb, Amazon's Project Kuiper, and the European Space Agency (ESA)--in expanding the digital frontier. The study further investigates challenges like orbital congestion, frequency interference, and sustainability, and suggests innovative approaches to enhance space-based networking efficiency.

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Satellite Internet, Space Networking, LEO, MEO, GEO, Starlink, Space Communication, 5G, Global Connectivity

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This article critically examines the rapidly evolving landscape of cybercrime in India, focusing on emergent digital threats, their underlying motivations, and the efficacy of the national legal framework in response. The digital realm presents a unique jurisdictional challenge as computers are increasingly exploited both as instruments for traditional offenses (e.g., fraud via UPI scams) and as targets of sophisticated attacks (e.g., ransomware and Web 3.0 exploits). The paper categorizes these modern threats, highlighting the societal impact of social media-related offenses (cyberbullying, misinformation) and the financial toll of large-scale, transnational digital fraud. Systematically, it analyzes India's tripartite legal response anchored by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000, and the new Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023. The article concludes that while legislative efforts have evolved, effective cybercrime prosecution is perpetually hindered by cross-border jurisdictional complexities, the volatility of digital evidence, and systemic deficiencies in specialized law enforcement capacity. Sustained legal modernization and enhanced global cooperation are imperative to secure India's digital future against pervasive cyber threats.

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Cyber Crimes, Digital Era, Data Protection, Information Technology

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The growing resistance to conventional antimicrobials has accelerated the demand for safer, eco-friendly alternatives. Essential oil-based microemulsions (EO-MEs) have emerged as promising carriers for antimicrobial applications, offering improved solubility, stability, and penetration. This review outlines recent advancements in extraction techniques for essential oils, the principles and formulations of microemulsions, and their efficacy against various microbial strains. Emphasis is placed on Citrus-based essential oils, particularly lemon (Citrus limon), which exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The paper also discusses evaluation strategies, stability considerations, and the future scope of EO-MEs in therapeutic and industrial domains.

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Essential oils, Microemulsions, Antimicrobial activity, Lemon oil

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Oral hygiene plays a vital role in general health, yet many users fail to maintain optimal routines due to time constraints, inconvenience, and fragmented product ecosystems. This paper presents the design and prototyping of a modular oral care cabinet that integrates brushing, water flossing, UV-C sterilization, and ozonated rinsing into a single compact system. A user-centered approach involving surveys, ergonomic studies, and prototyping was employed. The final design features a shared brush-flosser trunk, embedded UV chamber, integrated ozonated water tank, and modular compartments. The concept enhances hygiene, convenience, and sustainability in daily routines. The system's intelligent integration ensures better hygiene while supporting eco-friendly practices. The article presents concept development, technical considerations, and testing outcomes, offering insights into its potential for market viability and user acceptance.

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Oral health, modular design, UV sterilization, ozone therapy, sustainability, product integration, water flosser, overall oral care.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's digital era, a smartphone has become highly essential in communication, finance management, and even entertainment. This very fact of growing dependency on them has also increased their vulnerability in terms of cyber threats. Among these, Android devices are much susceptible to malware, phishing, spyware, ransomware, and unauthorized data access that threatens user privacy, data integrity, and system reliability. The following paper proposes a Mobile Threat Detection and Resolution App that will offer intelligent proactive protection against mobile-based threats. The system will incorporate both static and dynamic analysis techniques to efficiently detect known and unknown malware. In performing a static analysis, the system will check application permissions, certificates, and manifest files; whereas dynamic analysis will include monitoring network traffic, active running processes in the background, and access requests. Upon detection of any potential threat, its automated resolution module isolates or removes the malicious entity from within without requiring user interference. It also comprises a phishing link verification module and a report generation system to give the user an informative view about detected threats and safety recommendations. Real-time monitoring, by means of a lightweight design and user-friendly dashboard, empowers the app to enhance mobile security without affecting system performance. Experimental evaluation reveals its effectiveness in terms of high detection accuracy with low resource consumption and rapid response time compared with traditional antivirus tools.

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Mobile security, threat detection, phishing link analysis, suspicious APK detection, Android application, static and dynamic analysis, cybersecurity, malware prevention, secure mobile computing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Object recognition in underwater environment is extremely difficult because of problems like color distortion, light scattering, and decreased visibility. A hybrid approach that combines Multicolor Space Residual Networks (MCRNet) with Swin-YOLO fusion to increase object recognition accuracy and underwater image quality. Swin Transformer uses self-attention techniques to extract multi-scale hierarchical features, whereas MCRNet uses residual learning and different color spaces (RGB, HSV, and Lab) to restore texture details and correct color distor- tions. By efficiently improving feature representations, the Swin- YOLO fusion improves YOLOv8's real-time object identification capabilities. According to experimental findings, the suggested strategy works noticeably better than stand-alone techniques, which makes it a viable option for marine applications and underwater research.

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Underwater Image Enhancement, Object Detec- tion, MCRNet, Swin Transformer, YOLOv8, Multi-Color Space Processing, Feature Fusion, Deep Learning, Computer Vision, Marine Applications

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Adolescence is a critical developmental stage characterized by rapid physical, cognitive, and emotional changes that often expose individuals to stress and emotional instability. Parental and family influences play a central role in shaping adolescents' capacity to manage stress and develop emotional intelligence (EI). This study explores the dynamic interaction between family environment, parenting styles, emotional support, and the stress management competencies of adolescents. Drawing on psychological and sociological frameworks, the paper highlights how positive family functioning and emotional communication contribute to enhanced resilience, emotional awareness, and regulation among youth. The findings underscore the necessity of strengthening family-based interventions and parent-adolescent communication to promote mental health and emotional well-being.

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Adolescents, Emotional Intelligence, Stress Management, Parenting, Family Environment, Emotional Regulation

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analytics based on machine learning (ML) is transforming data-driven decision making in a variety of sectors by helping businesses anticipate trends, streamline processes, and improve strategic planning. The main elements of predictive analytics--data collection, preprocessing, feature engineering, model selection, and performance optimization--are examined in this essay. Applications in manufacturing (predictive maintenance and quality control), supply chain management (route Predictive optimization and inventory planning), retail and e-commerce (customer behavior analysis and demand forecasting), healthcare (disease prediction and personalized treatment), and finance (fraud detection and risk assessment) are highlighted. Notwithstanding its disruptive promise, issues including model interpretability, data quality, and ethical considerations need to be resolved. Future developments in explainable AI (XAI), big data integration, and AI-powered automation will spur innovation in business world.

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HEALTH DATA ANALYTICS: PREDICT DISEASE AND IMPROVE PATIENT CARE USING MACHINE LEARNING

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Flexible work, Organizational support, Employee well-being, Hybrid work, Mental health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition