Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Programming, in a nutshell, represents a systematic form of reasoning that aligns human thought processes with machine execution. This paper proposes an innovative way of teaching Python programming through analogies and stories borrowed from the Mahabharata, India's great epic. Due to its simplicity, clarity, and object-oriented architecture, Python is an ideal medium for conceptual knowledge when combined with culture-friendly teaching methods. The study utilizes a constructivist and experience-based learning paradigm to design a four-stage instructional framework consisting of the identification of concepts, mythological mapping, narration of exemplars, and reflective abstraction. In such an instructional design, students make connections between programming constructs--conditionals, loops, functions, etc. and the logical narration of events in epics, such as Arjuna's moral dilemmas or the repetitive pattern of dharmic actions in the Kurukshetra war. This design encourages learners' cognitive internalization of coding principles through analogical reasoning in their cultural background, thus boosting their engagement, conceptual knowledge, and information retention. The methodology also simultaneously facilitates the integration of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) with STEM education by reframing programming as a humanistic, moral, and intellectual endeavor rather than an exclusive mechanical duty. The study concludes that contextual and narration-based instruction greatly enhances computational thinking along with cultural relevance, thus integrating ancient wisdom with modern pedagogy.

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 Keywords

Python Programming, Mahabharata, Constructivist Pedagogy, Narrative-Based Learning, Culturally Responsive Education, Computational Thinking, Analogy-Oriented Instruction, Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS), Algorithmic Reasoning, Experiential Learning

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Abstract This research paper examines the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and financial performance in two leading Indian firms--Infosys Ltd. from the Information Technology sector and Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. from the Automobile sector. Both industries represent contrasting operational models, stakeholder expectations, and CSR approaches. Using secondary data from annual reports, sustainability disclosures, and financial statements from 2018 to 2023, this study investigates how CSR expenditure and initiatives affect profitability indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Earnings Per Share (EPS). Findings reveal that Infosys demonstrates a consistent positive linkage between CSR investments and financial performance, driven by its sustainability-driven strategy and strong governance culture. Maruti Suzuki, while also investing heavily in CSR--particularly in road safety and environmental initiatives--shows moderate financial linkage due to cyclical market conditions and manufacturing costs. The comparative analysis highlights that the nature and effectiveness of CSR depend on the firm's industry context, stakeholder orientation, and strategic alignment. The study concludes that CSR, when integrated strategically, enhances corporate reputation, operational efficiency, and long-term shareholder value.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Performance, Infosys, Maruti Suzuki, ROA, ROE, CSR Expenditure, India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Dharma represents one of the most sophisticated legal and philosophical frameworks in ancient Indian civilization, functioning simultaneously as moral law, religious duty, and constitutional principle. This research paper examines how dharma operated within ancient Indian political systems, serving as the foundational basis for governance, justice administration, and social organization. Through analysis of primary texts including the Arthashastra, Manusmriti, and Dharmashastras, this study demonstrates that dharma transcended conventional legal definitions to encompass a holistic system balancing individual rights, collective welfare, and cosmic order. The paper concludes that understanding dharma as law reveals a sophisticated political philosophy where ethics, legality, and spirituality were inseparably interwoven, offering valuable insights into alternative models of governance and jurisprudence.

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 Keywords

Dharma, Ancient Indian Law, Polity, Governance, Dharmashastra, Constitutional Principles

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The issue of delays in civil litigation in India is not novel. It is always a problem, and the main reason for it is the problems with the process in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC). The rules for adjournments, how to start a summary proceeding, issuing summons, and the protracted processes for appeals and second appeals all cause case backlogs and make things less efficient. This study discusses how these practices lead to longer delays in justice and possible legal changes that could make civil lawsuits in India go more smoothly.

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 Keywords

Civil litigation, delays, CPC 1908, procedure issues, adjournments, summons, backlog, reforms.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creativity is one of the most valued abilities in all societies, as it enables learners to think critically, solve problems innovatively, and express themselves effectively. In the field of language education, fostering creativity has become increasingly important in the context of the 21st-century skills framework and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which emphasizes creative and critical thinking as essential learning outcomes. The Synectics model of teaching, developed by William J.J. Gordon and his associates, is a powerful instructional strategy that uses metaphorical and analogical thinking to stimulate creativity among learners. By engaging students in structured creative activities, Synectics helps them break away from conventional thought patterns and develop divergent thinking skills. The present experimental study investigates the efficacy of the Synectics teaching model in fostering language creativity in English among secondary school students. The study involved two groups--experimental and control--taught through Synectics-based instruction and traditional methods, respectively. Language creativity was assessed using the Test of Story Construction, Test of Poetic Diction, and Vocabulary Test. Statistical analysis revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group significantly across all three measures. These findings demonstrate that the Synectics model is an effective pedagogical approach for enhancing language creativity, encouraging flexible thinking, and enriching students' linguistic expression. The study highlights the pedagogical implications of integrating innovative teaching models like Synectics into English language classrooms to nurture creative competencies among learners in line with contemporary educational goals.

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Synectics Teaching Model, Language Creativity, English Language Teaching

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This paper presents the design and implementation of a precision XY plotter with integrated pick and place capability for electronics and telecommunication applications. Manual Placement methods are often error-prone, slow, and unsuitable for high-accuracy requirements [1],[2]. The proposed system employs stepper motors with micro-stepping drivers, controlled by an STM32 microcontroller, to achieve positioning accuracy of -0.1mm to +0.1mm [3],[4]. The mechanical structure integrates linear rails, timing belts, and a lead-screw Z-axis, while a motorized gripper enables reliable handling of lightweight components [2],[5]. A dual joystick and graphical interface provide real-time control and monitoring, and safety is ensured through optocoupler isolation, MOSFET protection, and limit switches [3]. Experimental results confirm over 98% accuracy in pick and place cycles and consistent operation during extended tests. With its modular design and cost-effective approach, the system is adaptable for industrial automation applications

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 Keywords

Automation, Embedded systems. Mechatronics, Microcontrollers, Motion control, Robotics, XY Plotters.

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The term mining operation consists of seven elements like, mining activities, connected activities at a local site, constructing a site for mining activities or connected activities at a local site, activities to close, make safe or decommission a mineral extraction site or a mineral exploration site, educational or tourist activities in connection with mining activities at a local site or in connection with former mining activities at the same site, activities specified by the Minister in the Gazette and the activities prescribed by the regulations. The objectives of the present study were to explain the types of mines & mining techniques, identify the types of drilling & drilling mechanism, explore the instruments used for drilling & mining process and explain the process of mine exploration. The study was a review-based exploration. Secondary data have been used for this study. Information has been collected from the existing research papers, academic news, reviews available on websites and journals. From this study it was concluded that this attempts connects the research gap in the literature and boost the learners to develop more realistic and comprehensive knowledge on different aspects of mining operations.

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 Keywords

Mining operation, mining techniques, mine exploration, drilling, instruments.

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The seismic safety of elevated water tanks is vital for reliable water supply systems in earthquake-prone regions. This study analyses and compares the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) circular elevated tanks with different staging systems using STAAD.Pro Connect Edition. The investigation considers various bracing configurations--unbraced, diagonal, cross (X), V, K, inverted V, diamond, and solid shaft--along with two staging wall thicknesses (180 mm and 200 mm) and two staging heights. Seismic effects are studied under Zones III, IV, and V as per IS 1893 (Part 2): 2014, accounting for dead load, live load, hydrostatic pressure, and hydrodynamic forces. A parametric approach is adopted, developing multiple models under consistent loading. Key seismic response parameters such as lateral displacement, base shear, bending moment, shear force, and time period are evaluated. Results indicate that staging type strongly influences tank behaviour. Shaft-supported models provide maximum stiffness and seismic stability, reducing displacement and time period by up to 92% and 90%, respectively. However, these attract higher base shear and shear force, reflecting greater seismic demand. Among braced frames, X-bracing offers the best performance, significantly improving over unbraced staging. The study further shows that higher seismic zones and taller staging heights increase displacement and base shear. Despite their rigidity, shaft-supported tanks experience lower bending moments compared to braced frames. In conclusion, shaft-supported staging proves to be the most efficient option for seismic resistance, while X-bracing is preferable among frame systems. The findings provide design recommendations for constructing safe and economical elevated water tanks in moderate to high seismic regions.

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 Keywords

STAAD.Pro Connect Edition, Elevated Water tank, Circular Water Tanks, Bracings and shaft, Seismic loads

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The merging of digital systems has been a key driver in the development of contemporary society, as it influences the socialization of individuals, the availability of services, and their integration into daily routines. Initiating online education, e-governance, and cashless system design is a case of simplifying the process for greater efficiency and usability. Technology can be leveraged to enable higher productivity and richer communication, thereby fostering innovation, sustainable methods, and global competitiveness in an increasingly connected world that is rapidly becoming more technologically enabled. The interaction between multinationals, academia, and state plans sustains the benefits of system integration, facilitating the improvement of other regional government initiatives while enhancing regional development and international connections. Internet systems bridge gaps among cultures and societies, reducing the spread of knowledge and empowering groups to flourish like never before. However, the real challenge is devising a fair formula for dividing these benefits proportionally. In the process of gaining equal opportunities alongside the rich segments, people in poorer zones continue to face obstacles. And topping it all, the most significant headaches are problems such as the digital divide, cybersecurity issues, and data privacy concerns. According to what the debate teams have been fighting for, the application of digital systems is not a technological advancement. It represents a complete paradigm shift, altering the way we define cultural norms, the way we behave in society, and the way societies interact with one another. Therefore, to be effective at all, digital transformation needs to introduce new ideas, be ethical, involve everyone, and be sustainable. It can only be beneficial to assist in driving long-term societal development at that point.

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 Keywords

Cultural Values, Democratic participation, System Architecture, Global Competitiveness, Ethical Responsibility, Inclusiveness, Interconnected technology-driven world.

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This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of Human Resource strategies and practices through the lens of the Balanced Scorecard framework. It is structured across four key perspectives--Financial, Internal Processes, Learning & Growth, and Customer. Each section highlights critical HR functions, from cost effectiveness, manpower planning, and return on investment to process efficiency, recruitment, and HR budgeting. The report further explores initiatives in talent development, succession planning, innovation, and performance management systems. Emphasis is placed on aligning HR policies with organizational objectives to enhance employee satisfaction, engagement, and retention. Employee-focused metrics, including satisfaction surveys, eNPS, and engagement activities, provide insights into workforce sentiment and organizational culture. Collectively, the analysis underscores the role of strategic HR as a driver of business value, organizational sustainability, and long-term competitiveness.

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 Keywords

Human Resource Management (HRM), Balanced Scorecard, HR Strategy, Manpower Planning, Recruitment, Talent Development, Succession Planning, Employee Retention, Employee Engagement, Performance Management, HR Best Practices

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition