Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

This project presents a comparative study of an industrial steel building using two types of bracing systems: conventional steel bracings and advanced Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) bracings. The aim is to understand how each system performs under various loading conditions, especially seismic loads. The structural models were created and analysed using software. Key performance parameters such as lateral displacement, roof deflection, base shear, axial forces in bracings, and member utilization ratios were evaluated. The results showed that SMA bracings significantly reduce lateral displacement and residual deformation compared to steel bracings. Though SMA is more expensive, it provides better performance in terms of seismic resistance and structural recovery after an earthquake. Steel bracings, on the other hand, are cost-effective and perform well under normal conditions but may lead to higher post-earthquake damage. This study helps in understanding the potential of using SMA in industrial buildings and guides structural engineers in selecting suitable bracing systems based on performance, cost, and safety considerations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SMA (Shape Memory Alloy), Industrial Building, Steel and SMA Bracings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Buccal drug delivery systems (BDDS)have emergedas apromisingalternativeto conventional oral drug delivery, offering advantages such as bypassing first-pass metabolism, rapid onset of action, and improved bioavailability for certain therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various approaches and technologies employed in buccal drug delivery,includingmucoadhesivesystems,patches,films,tablets,andgels.Thearticleexplores the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the buccal mucosa that influence drug absorption, alongside formulation strategies to enhance drug retention and permeation. Key polymers and excipients used in the development of buccal systems are discussed, with an emphasis on their role in mucoadhesion and drug release modulation.Additionally, the review outlines current in vitro and in vivo evaluation techniques used to assess the performance, efficacy, and safety of buccal formulations. Recent advances, challenges, and future prospects in the fieldare also highlighted, aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers and formulators developing novel buccal drug delivery platforms.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Buccal drug delivery system, Buccal mucosa, buccal film,buccal patches

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The burden of proof is a cornerstone of legal systems worldwide, defining the responsibility of parties in litigation to establish their claims through credible evidence. As a fundamental procedural rule, its allocation and discharge ensure fairness, protect rights, and uphold justice. While the concept of the burden of proof is universal, its application varies significantly across jurisdictions, influenced by diverse legal traditions, cultural norms, and societal priorities. This research article delves into global perspectives on the burden of proof, providing a comparative analysis of its implementation in common law systems, civil law jurisdictions, and international human rights frameworks. The study aims to derive lessons from these systems to enhance the effectiveness of Indian evidence law. The first part of the article explores the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of the burden of proof in common law and civil law traditions. Common law systems, including those in the United Kingdom and the United States, emphasize adversarial procedures, where the burden of proof is typically borne by the party asserting a claim. In contrast, civil law jurisdictions, such as Germany and France, adopt inquisitorial procedures, granting judges a more proactive role in gathering evidence and determining burdens. This section also examines how international human rights frameworks, such as the European Court of Human Rights and the United Nations mechanisms, balance evidentiary responsibilities to protect fundamental rights. The second part focuses on lessons for Indian law, evaluating areas where global practices can inform reforms. Observations from international jurisdictions highlight innovative approaches to handling statutory presumptions, reverse burdens, and shifting burdens in complex cases. Indian law, governed by the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, adheres to traditional principles but faces challenges in addressing contemporary issues such as corruption, terrorism, and digital evidence. The article critiques these challenges while proposing reforms inspired by global systems, such as integrating clearer standards for electronic evidence, refining reverse burden provisions, and adopting a more flexible approach to presumptions. The concluding section synthesizes the findings, underscoring the importance of aligning Indian evidentiary laws with global best practices. Recommendations include strengthening judicial training, enhancing legislative clarity, and fostering a more balanced framework that upholds individual rights without compromising public interest. The study advocates for a harmonized approach that integrates India's unique socio-legal context with the progressive elements of international legal systems. This research highlights the dynamic interplay between domestic and global legal principles, emphasizing the transformative potential of comparative analysis. By critically examining international perspectives, this article contributes to the ongoing discourse on improving procedural fairness in Indian law, offering pathways for harmonization and justice reform. The findings not only shed light on global evidentiary practices but also serve as a roadmap for India to navigate the complexities of modern litigation while preserving its constitutional ethos.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Burden of Proof, Comparative Legal Analysis, Indian Evidence Law, and International Legal Systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social communication, behavior, and sensory processing. Early identification of ASD plays a crucial role in providing timely intervention and improving developmental outcomes. This project presents the design and development of a Web-Based ASD Screening System that automates the preliminary screening process using an interactive questionnaire interface. The system leverages modern web technologies such as React, TypeScript, and Tailwind CSS for the frontend and Supabase as the backend service to ensure efficient data handling, scalability, and security. The questionnaire is structured to evaluate behavioral indicators associated with ASD based on validated screening frameworks. User responses are processed in real time to generate an assessment summary, helping parents, caregivers, and educators identify potential early signs of ASD. The system is fully responsive, allowing access across desktop and mobile platforms, and emphasizes user privacy through secure authentication and encrypted data storage. This web-based solution enhances accessibility, reduces manual effort, and bridges the gap between awareness and professional diagnosis. Overall, the system demonstrates how technology can support early detection, encourage timely intervention, and promote autism awareness in communities.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Web Application, Screening Questionnaire, React, Supabase, Early Detection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. The survival rate has significantly improved due to advancements in early detection and treatment. However, the physical and psychosocial side effects of anti-cancer treatments often lead to long-term health challenges for survivors. Strategies to improve physical fitness has been shown to offer significant benefits to breast cancer survivors. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various physical fitness interventions in improving the overall health, physical function, and related quality of life of breast cancer survivors. In particular, we explore the contribution of health-related and skill-related fitness parameters, including cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, balance, coordination, and agility. The review also highlights the importance of women's health awareness and the barriers to exercise adherence.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Breast cancer, physical fitness, strength training, breast cancer survivors

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Street crime ranging from robbery, motorbike theft, drug-related offenses, to assault remains one of the most pressing challenges to public security in Indonesia. Although regulated under the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP) and related statutes, these provisions are too general and do not classify street crime as a distinct category, often leading to fragmented enforcement and weak institutional coordination. Current criminal policy still relies heavily on punitive measures such as arrests and imprisonment. The objective of this study is to critically analyze the weaknesses in Indonesia's criminal policy for combating street crime and to propose a reconstruction through an integrated approach that harmonizes preventive, repressive, and restorative strategies. The research adopts a normative juridical methodology, drawing on primary legal materials such as the 1945 Constitution, the KUHP, Law No. 2 of 2002 on the Police, and relevant Police Regulations (Perkap), complemented by secondary sources including scholarly writings, journal articles, and comparative studies. The findings reveal that Indonesia's criminal policy is hindered by several structural weaknesses: (1) an absence of a holistic, integrated framework; (2) overemphasis on punitive measures at the expense of prevention; (3) inadequate legal adaptation to emerging crimes; (4) corruption and weak professionalism in law enforcement; and (5) poor coordination between central and local governments. These weaknesses are further compounded by cultural and community perceptions that often obstruct restorative justice initiatives, leaving repressive enforcement as the dominant mechanism. The study concludes that Indonesia's criminal policy remains unbalanced and insufficient in addressing the root causes and impacts of street crime. To move forward, reconstruction is urgently required through the adoption of an integrated approach that combines penal and non-penal instruments, strengthens institutional coordination, expands preventive measures, and incorporates restorative justice. As a recommendation, the research suggests: (1) clearer legal frameworks that explicitly regulate street crime and integrate preventive measures; (2) enhanced resources, training, and ethical standards for law enforcement officers; (3) stronger collaboration between central and local governments in designing community-based crime prevention programs; and (4) systematic public education to foster acceptance of restorative justice.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Crime, policy, Integrated, Regulation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

High Ductility Cementitious Composites (HDCCs) are emerging as suitable materials for 3D concrete printing due to their superior tensile strength and crack resistance. These composites typically contain a high volume of micro steel fibers to improve ductility and structural integrity. However, excessive fiber content negatively impacts the fresh properties of the concrete, increases porosity, reduces durability, and significantly raises production costs. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces a novel nano- coating technique where graphene oxide (GO) is applied to micro steel fibers using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder. This coating improves the bond between the fibers and the cement matrix, enabling better stress distribution and crack control. As a result, the required fiber dosage can be reduced without compromising mechanical performance. Mechanical tests such as compressive strength, direct tensile strength, and flexural tests were conducted to assess the modified composite. Additionally, self-healing behavior was examined by pre-loading samples and allowing a healing period. The results indicate that nano-coated fibers not only enhance strength characteristics but also promote autogenous self-healing, making the material more durable and cost-efficient for advanced 3D concrete printing applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

3D Concrete Printing; Nano-Coated Micro Steel Fibers; Graphene Oxide; Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA); Self-Healing Concrete; Sustainable Construction; Advanced Construction Technology; Indian Construction Industry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Working conditions of street vendors, highlighting the informal and strenuous nature of their occupation. Most vendors operate in open and unregulated spaces, working long hours exposed to extreme weather conditions without adequate shelter. The absence of basic amenities such as drinking water, toilets, and waste disposal facilities adds to their daily struggles. Their work environment is further strained by frequent interactions with municipal authorities and law enforcement, often involving harassment, evictions, or bribe demands. These findings underscore the precarious nature of street vending and the urgent need for improved legal protections and infrastructure support.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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street venders, working hours, shelter ect

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Breast cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide, influenced by diverse risk factors including genetic and hereditary predisposition. Due to its pronounced heterogeneity, therapeutic strategies are determined by molecular characteristics like HER2 activation, hormonal receptor status, BRCA1/2 and PIK3CA mutations, and immune-related biomarkers. arly-stage breast cancer can be potentially cured with surgery and radiotherapy, often complemented by systemic therapy. Neoadjuvant targeted and immune-based therapies are now standard for most HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes, while prolonged endocrine therapy remains key for ER-positive disease. In contrast, metastatic breast cancer is largely incurable and managed with systemic approaches tailored to molecular profiles, such as CDK4/6 inhibitors for hormone receptor-positive tumors and anti-HER2 agents for HER2-positive disease. Advances in precision medicine offer promise for optimizing individualized treatment. This overview highlights current therapeutic paradigms and future perspectives in breast cancer management, emphasizing the importance of molecular characteristics in guiding treatment decisions.

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 Keywords

Keywords: breast cancer, epidemiology, risk factors, classification, diagnosis, prognosis, marker, treatment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Efficient complaint management is essential in educational institutions to promptly resolve issues raised by students and faculty across multiple departments. Traditional manual systems often lack timely prioritization and routing, causing delays and dissatisfaction. This paper presents a smart complaint management system integrating artificial intelligence techniques such as natural language processing and sentiment analysis for automated complaint classification, urgency detection, and priority assignment. The system features AI-powered escalation of unresolved or critical complaints and provides real-time dashboards for transparent tracking by administrators and users. Drawing insights from authoritative journal research on AI-powered feedback management and comprehensive surveys of complaint management systems, this college-tailored solution significantly improves responsiveness, accountability, and operational efficiency. The approach offers scalable benefits for similar institutional complaint handling frameworks, aiming to harness AI-driven automation for enhanced service delivery.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Complaint Management, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Prioritization, Escalation, Sentiment Analysis, Real-Time Tracking, Automation, User Satisfaction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition