Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Startups have become central to innovation, economic growth, and technological progress in the global economy. In 2016, Prime Minister launched Start-up India mission so that India becomes the next big start-up Nation. The dimensions of Scientometric analysis include quantitative study for evaluating scientific literature that serves as an effective tool for exploring the development, trends, and impact of research on startup. This study results a notable research gap by analyzing scholarly works on this topic from the Web of Science database, covering the period from 2020 to 2024. Over this five-year period, a overall of 4,443 startup-related publications were indexed in the Web of Science database. Notably, the research output in the startup sector doubled, rising from 684 publications in 2020 to 1,231 in 2024. Although the topic of startup success is gaining increasing attention from researchers, comprehensive analyses remain confined to few people. By examining annual publication trends, research growth using time series analysis, key sources (journals), influential authors, documents, keyword frequency, and geographical distribution, this study offers valuable insights into the evolving landscape of startup research. This article provides insight knowledge for the researchers and newcomers to become familiar with this field of study as it examines the salient features and evolution in the field of innovation studies.

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 Keywords

Startups, Scientometric, entrepreneur, innovation, technology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a long-lasting condition that slowly breaks down the brain's nerve cells, known as neurons, particularly in the cerebral cortex. This leads to problems with memory, thinking, language skills, and changes in behavior. It is the most common type of dementia and typically affects people who are 65 years old or older. Alzheimer's often starts in late middle age and is marked by a gradual decline in memory and mental abilities due to damage in the brain. The condition involves a loss of cognitive function over 10 to 15 years, along with unusual tissue growths and protein clumps in the cerebral cortex. In Alzheimer's, nerve cells in the brain die off, which makes it hard for brain signals to travel correctly. At first, it might be tough to recognize Alzheimer's symptoms. A person with this disease struggles with memory, judgment, and thinking, making daily activities challenging. The loss of nerve cells happens slowly over several years.

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 Keywords

cerebral cortex, cognitive

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The integration of autonomous electric vehicles in agriculture presents a promising avenue to address sustainability and labor challenges in modern farming. This review paper explores the development of an EV Tractor "Agribot" designed to operate autonomously for harvesting and weeding in specified land dimensions. It discusses the evolution of autonomous agricultural systems, highlighting recent advancements in electric tractor technology, AI-powered weed detection using convolutional neural networks (CNN), and user interface designs for seamless operation. The proposed model combines electric propulsion with intelligent navigation and real-time weed detection, aiming to reduce environmental impact and operational costs while enhancing productivity. By synthesizing existing research and proposing an integrated system tailored for small to medium-sized farms, this review underscores the potential of autonomous EV tractors as a transformative solution in precision agriculture

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 Keywords

Autonomous Tractor, Electric Vehicle, Agribot, Precision Agriculture, CNN, Smart Farming

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This study aims to develop a chat bot that engages users in natural, free-flowing conversations while efficiently answering common medical questions. The system will provide a user-friendly way to seek medical information in a conversational format.Unlike basic chat systems, this chat bot will be enhanced with advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. These techniques will help the system interpret user queries accurately and deliver contextually relevant, easy-to-understand responses. The chat bot will provide reliable, up-to-date, and interactive medical information. Its goal is to empower users with verified knowledge, supporting health awareness and better decision-making.In addition, the system will reduce the workload of healthcare professionals by handling repetitive and generic inquiries. It will connect to trusted Medical Information Systems to ensure accuracy and validation of responses. A unique feature of this study is the chat bot's ability to recognize and respond to the emotional tone of users. By providing empathetic responses, it will build trust, increase satisfaction, and create a more human-like experience. Ultimately, the project seeks to improve access to healthcare information, especially in rural or underserved areas. By offering 24/7 support, the chat bot can bridge gaps in healthcare delivery and make essential medical knowledge accessible to all.

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 Keywords

Chat bot, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Medical information, User-friendly system, Contextual responses, Human-like interaction, Health awareness, Healthcare accessibility,24/7 support, Medical Information Systems, Verified knowledge, Healthcare professionals, Interactive system.

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Breast cancer is a major global health challenge, and natural products offer promising avenues for novel therapeutics. This study evaluated the in-vitro anticancer activity of ethanolic crude extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) leaves against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, complemented by in-silico docking and ADMET analyses. GC-MS profiling identified key phytoconstituents including ricinoleic acid, elaidic acid, isolinoleic acid, stearic acid, azelaic acid, phytol, and squalene, most of which exhibited favorable drug-likeness and low predicted toxicity. MTT assays revealed dose-dependent inhibition of MCF-7 proliferation, with cell viability decreasing from 57.6% at 250 ?g/ml to 16.8% at 500 ?g/ml, corresponding to inhibition rates of 42.4% and 83.2%, respectively. In-silico docking suggested strong binding affinities of azelaic acid, elaidic acid, and ricinoleic acid to cancer-related targets, potentially mediating apoptosis and metabolic disruption. These findings indicate that fenugreek leaves possess significant anticancer potential, warranting further mechanistic and in-vivo studies for therapeutic development.

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 Keywords

Trigonella foenum-graecum, fenugreek leaves, MCF-7 cells, GC-MS, molecular docking, ADMET, anticancer activity.

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Spice seed crops such as black cumin (kalozira) and cumin contribute substantially to smallholder income and national spice supply in South Asia. This research paper presents an experiment-ready framework to optimize macro- (N, P, K) and micro-nutrient (S, Zn, B, etc.) regimes together with plant spacing to maximize seed yield and profitability of two commercially important varieties: BARI Kalozira-1 and RZ-19. Drawing on varietal descriptions and recent agronomic studies, we propose a split-plot field experiment with nutrient regime as the main plot and plant spacing as subplots, factorially tested on both varieties across two seasons. Expected outcomes include identification of economically optimal fertilizer packages and spacing combinations that increase seed yield, harvest index and net returns while maintaining seed quality.

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Bari kalozira-1, rz-19, black cumin, cumin, plant spacing.

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Abstract: This research paper examines how Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and The BFG use nurturing relationships to provide consolation in the face of existential challenges. Through close textual analysis and supported by existentialist theory, the study reveals how characters like Charlie and Sophie overcome loneliness, fear, and absurdity by forming bonds rooted in empathy and moral choice. These relationships serve as a counter to the indifferent or hostile world they inhabit. Dahl's portrayal of consolation emphasizes not fantasy or escape, but human connection as the source of meaning, making his stories emotionally resonant for readers of all ages.

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Keywords: Consolation, loneliness, nurturing bonds, fear, human connection.

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This project presents a comparative study of an industrial steel building using two types of bracing systems: conventional steel bracings and advanced Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) bracings. The aim is to understand how each system performs under various loading conditions, especially seismic loads. The structural models were created and analysed using software. Key performance parameters such as lateral displacement, roof deflection, base shear, axial forces in bracings, and member utilization ratios were evaluated. The results showed that SMA bracings significantly reduce lateral displacement and residual deformation compared to steel bracings. Though SMA is more expensive, it provides better performance in terms of seismic resistance and structural recovery after an earthquake. Steel bracings, on the other hand, are cost-effective and perform well under normal conditions but may lead to higher post-earthquake damage. This study helps in understanding the potential of using SMA in industrial buildings and guides structural engineers in selecting suitable bracing systems based on performance, cost, and safety considerations.

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 Keywords

SMA (Shape Memory Alloy), Industrial Building, Steel and SMA Bracings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Buccal drug delivery systems (BDDS)have emergedas apromisingalternativeto conventional oral drug delivery, offering advantages such as bypassing first-pass metabolism, rapid onset of action, and improved bioavailability for certain therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various approaches and technologies employed in buccal drug delivery,includingmucoadhesivesystems,patches,films,tablets,andgels.Thearticleexplores the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the buccal mucosa that influence drug absorption, alongside formulation strategies to enhance drug retention and permeation. Key polymers and excipients used in the development of buccal systems are discussed, with an emphasis on their role in mucoadhesion and drug release modulation.Additionally, the review outlines current in vitro and in vivo evaluation techniques used to assess the performance, efficacy, and safety of buccal formulations. Recent advances, challenges, and future prospects in the fieldare also highlighted, aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers and formulators developing novel buccal drug delivery platforms.

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 Keywords

Buccal drug delivery system, Buccal mucosa, buccal film,buccal patches

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The burden of proof is a cornerstone of legal systems worldwide, defining the responsibility of parties in litigation to establish their claims through credible evidence. As a fundamental procedural rule, its allocation and discharge ensure fairness, protect rights, and uphold justice. While the concept of the burden of proof is universal, its application varies significantly across jurisdictions, influenced by diverse legal traditions, cultural norms, and societal priorities. This research article delves into global perspectives on the burden of proof, providing a comparative analysis of its implementation in common law systems, civil law jurisdictions, and international human rights frameworks. The study aims to derive lessons from these systems to enhance the effectiveness of Indian evidence law. The first part of the article explores the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of the burden of proof in common law and civil law traditions. Common law systems, including those in the United Kingdom and the United States, emphasize adversarial procedures, where the burden of proof is typically borne by the party asserting a claim. In contrast, civil law jurisdictions, such as Germany and France, adopt inquisitorial procedures, granting judges a more proactive role in gathering evidence and determining burdens. This section also examines how international human rights frameworks, such as the European Court of Human Rights and the United Nations mechanisms, balance evidentiary responsibilities to protect fundamental rights. The second part focuses on lessons for Indian law, evaluating areas where global practices can inform reforms. Observations from international jurisdictions highlight innovative approaches to handling statutory presumptions, reverse burdens, and shifting burdens in complex cases. Indian law, governed by the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, adheres to traditional principles but faces challenges in addressing contemporary issues such as corruption, terrorism, and digital evidence. The article critiques these challenges while proposing reforms inspired by global systems, such as integrating clearer standards for electronic evidence, refining reverse burden provisions, and adopting a more flexible approach to presumptions. The concluding section synthesizes the findings, underscoring the importance of aligning Indian evidentiary laws with global best practices. Recommendations include strengthening judicial training, enhancing legislative clarity, and fostering a more balanced framework that upholds individual rights without compromising public interest. The study advocates for a harmonized approach that integrates India's unique socio-legal context with the progressive elements of international legal systems. This research highlights the dynamic interplay between domestic and global legal principles, emphasizing the transformative potential of comparative analysis. By critically examining international perspectives, this article contributes to the ongoing discourse on improving procedural fairness in Indian law, offering pathways for harmonization and justice reform. The findings not only shed light on global evidentiary practices but also serve as a roadmap for India to navigate the complexities of modern litigation while preserving its constitutional ethos.

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 Keywords

Burden of Proof, Comparative Legal Analysis, Indian Evidence Law, and International Legal Systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition