Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

"It's a man's world"- a phrase even if problematic from the beginning, has a seed of truth to it. In the realm of achievements and discoveries mostly the result of man, do the accomplishments of women receive equal celebration oftentimes? The massive accolades received by man, the books not only of his accomplishments but of his existence, outweigh the scale by an exponentially larger number than those by women. The paper seeks to bring to the foreground a couple of such women, borrowing from the premise of Virginia Woolf's monumental text 'A Room of One's Own', in which she talks about the differentiation of the sexes. Judith, the hypothetical sister of Shakespeare, she imagines as equally capable and aspiring, but raising the question of whether she might've survived the patriarchal system of society. Would she've been just as famous as her brother? Woolf seriously doubts it herself. This observation can be extended to the Indian artistic world. The subcontinent celebrates renowned male artists such as Raja Ravi Varma and Abanindranath Tagore, names so prominent that even those distantly familiar with art history cannot escape their presence. They are rightly credited with shaping Indian art and making history in ways that would have been vastly different without them. Yet, what about their sisters? Does anyone even faintly remember their names, their artistic practices, or whether they were allowed the same creative pursuits at all? Unlike Judith, they were not fiction, but reality, real women whose existence and contributions were ignored and erased over the years.

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 Keywords

Indian women artists, Indian art history, feminist critique

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Karbi tribe of Northeast India represents a unique socio-cultural system rooted in an intricate clan and sub-clan organization. These paper explores the structural composition, social function, and cultural implications of the Karbi clan and sub-clan system, specifically within the institution of marriage , governance, and traditional beliefs. It attempts to explore the enduring relevance of these indigenous institutions in maintaining identity and social cohesion amid modern influences.

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Karbi, tribe, clan system, sub-clan, Kur, kur-so, exogamy, Northeast India, indigenous ,etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The emergence of 3D printing (additive manufacturing) has transformed many sectors transparently, including pharmaceuticals where it can provide a precise method for producing complex and patient-specific dosage forms. This has great promise in personalized medicine, drug delivery tailoring, and improving patient adherence. Of all 3D printing technology, for example FDM, SLA and SLS etc., each of which has its own strengths and limitations, they have gained popularity in pharmaceutical research due to their utilization benefits. FDM is particularly accessible and affordable, while SLA if known for its.and SLS are capable of complex geometries with no additional supporting structures. Materials science has developed rapidly and is still developing, particularly in terms of biocompatible polymers, nanocomposite materials, as well as biodegradable materials, thus broadening the application field of 3D printing to drug formulation and implant design [1]. However, there are processes of optimization to be followed, ways to adhere in the regulations and materials and methods routines. Both academia and regulatory agencies need to work together to create a set of safety guidelines and guidelines capable of effectively integrate this new technology in the conventional production of pharmaceuticals. Overall, 3D printing holds significant promise to transform patient-centred treatment, promote customized therapies, and advance the future of pharmaceutical innovation.

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 Keywords

3D printing, additive manufacturing, personalized medicine, drug delivery, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), pharmaceutical dosage forms, regulatory challenges, patient compliance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Pantoprazole, Levosulpiride, Method Validation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The jurisprudence surrounding ex parte decrees in Indian civil law reveals a complex interplay between judicial efficiency and procedural fairness. Ex parte decrees pronounced in the absence of a defendant who, despite sufficient service of summons, fails to appear--serve a pivotal function by enabling courts to avoid unnecessary delays and ensure timely justice. However, this power is far from absolute; it exists as a necessary exception to the overarching principle that every litigant must be provided an opportunity to be heard. The grant of ex parte relief, though generally valid and enforceable as any other decree, presents fundamental questions about compliance with the principles of natural justice--particularly the right to a fair hearing (audi alteram partem) and freedom from bias (nemo judex in causa sua). While expedient decision-making prevents miscarriage of justice in urgent cases or where one party adopts delaying tactics, there remains an intrinsic risk of arbitrary adjudication or denial of justice for the absent party. Recognizing this, the CPC has embedded procedural safeguards, such as mandatory proof of adequate notice, judicial scrutiny at the time of granting ex parte decrees, and avenues for challenging or setting aside such decrees on limited but substantive grounds (improper service or sufficient cause for non-appearance). Contemporary judicial practice has also evolved robust remedial frameworks, empowering defendants to contest ex parte decrees through applications under Order IX Rule 13 and appellate mechanisms, thereby reconciling the flexibility of the ex parte process with the requirement of fairness and transparency. The Indian judiciary, through landmark judgments, continually reiterates that while ex parte decrees address judicial urgency, their use must remain exceptional, proportionate, and always subject to review to prevent their misuse or abuse as tools of harassment or unfair advantage. This research explores the statutory, doctrinal, and comparative dynamics of ex parte decrees, critically examining procedural safeguards, judicial trends, and leading case law to illuminate best practices for balancing judicial efficiency with the indispensable imperatives of natural justice.

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 Keywords

Ex Parte Decree, Natural Justice, Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), Audi Alteram Partem, Nemo Judex in Causa Sua, Order IX Rule 6, Setting Aside Ex Parte Decree, Judicial Efficiency, Procedural Safeguards, Fair Hearing

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The complexity and frequent updates of Indian tax regulations often create challenges for young professionals in managing accurate and timely tax compliance[4]. This research presents AI-Tax Advisor, an intelligent web-based system designed to simplify tax computation and planning. Unlike prior studies that explore AI in taxation primarily from a theoretical standpoint[1][2][3], this work demonstrates a fully functional implementation that integrates rule-based reasoning, machine learning models, and human-in-the-loop validation within a Flask framework. The system automatically parses Form 16 documents, computes tax liabilities, and generates detailed PDF reports through an intuitive interface. Experimental results show that the proposed solution achieves over 90% accuracy in data extraction while reducing computation time by nearly 60% compared to manual methods. Furthermore, the advisor offers personalized insights, enabling users to achieve an average 12-15% annual tax savings. This research highlights the practical potential of AI in modernizing and democratizing personal tax management in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Indian Income Tax System, Web based - AI Tax Advisor, Rule Based Logic, Personalised Tax Report

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Indian judiciary is undergoing a transformative phase through the e-Courts Mission Mode Project, initiated under the National e-Governance Plan. The project, executed by the Department of Justice (DoJ) and the eCommittee of the Supreme Court of India, aims to digitalize and streamline court operations across all judicial levels. As of 2025, the Phase III e-Courts rollout, approved with a budgetary outlay of INR7,210 crore, introduces artificial intelligence (AI), full digitization of records, cloud infrastructure, and inclusive legal access through e-Sewa Kendra. This research examines the project's evolution, challenges, benefits, potential future risks, and policy implications for ensuring digital justice that is both inclusive and sustainable.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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e-Filing, e-Courts, Access to Justice, Judiciary, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Inclusion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Devadasi culture in South India is a complex and multifaceted tradition with a long and contested history. Devadasi tradition is one of the prevalent cultures followed in South India. It traced its origin to the 6th Century Kesari dynasty followed by 7th Century Chera, Chola, and Pandya's rule in Tamil Nadu. This system has its footprints in Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Though the devadasi tradition is officially outlawed, it still casts a long shadow This paper attempts to showcase the life and transformation of a young devadasi named Yashri. Kabbyashree Dasgupta carved the life of her protagonist Yashri and other devadasi's lives in India. The argument posits that social and religious norms along with economic and social pressures contribute to this practice. This system reinforces the control of upper-caste men and their dominance by exploiting the sexuality of lower-caste and 'Dalit' women. The symbolic meaning of 'devadasis' underscores the gender and caste dynamics of control and subordination. This paper explores the psychological impact of this devadasi system through the lens of Yashri and her traumatic experiences throughout her journey. Dasgupta's depiction of Devadasi women in her novel, Devadasi in Scarlet offers a rich source for analysing these archetypal characterizations. The characters in the novel are shown not merely as victims of social structures but as bearers of complex psychological legacies, which can be interpreted through Jungian archetypes. This paper explores how the Devadasi woman encounters in society are shaped by the interplay of Jung's archetypes and the collective unconscious. By analysing the psychological depth of the characters, the study aims to shed light on the unconscious dynamics that underpin the Devadasi tradition in South India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dedication, Traumas, Prostitution, Religion, collective unconscious

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Bhagandara (fistula-in-ano) is a chronic anorectal disorder included among the eight major incurable diseases (Ashtamahagada) in Ayurveda, characterized by recurrent pus discharge, induration, and chronic sinus formation. Classical texts emphasize simultaneous cleansing (Shodhana) and healing (Ropana) action in the managment of fistula in ano. Ksharsutra therapy, a medicated thread has been extensively recognized for its role in the management of chronic fistula, offering both cutting and healing action. Nyagrodhadi Taila, derived from the Nyagrodhadi group of herbs, enhances healing, reduces inflammation, and accelerates tissue regeneration. This review highlights the formulation, pharmacology, Mode of action, and intervation of Nyagrodhadi Taila with Ksharsutra therapy in the management of Bhagandara, emphasizing the role of Ksharsutra as a minimally invasive, effective, and recurrence-reducing modality in management of Bhagandara.

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 Keywords

Bhagandara, Ksharsutra, Nyagrodhadi Taila, Fistula-in-Ano, Shodhana, Ropana

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Commonly, in civil trials, most cases need an expert's advice to resolve the disputed issue to dispute. Where the Court pendency is in huge numbers, so many property-related disputes are in the queue waiting for justice. If the Court deems it fit, in certain matters that are beyond its jurisdiction, then it may appoint a Court Commissioner to investigate or inquire into the said matter. This kind of case can be resolved with expert knowledge in a shorter timeframe. The appointed Commissioner should be independent, impartial and disinterested in the suit and the parties involved. Section 75 of the Code of Civil Procedure primarily addresses the commissions issued by the Courts. In some circumstances, other than the High Court for an examination of any person may be issued to any Court situated in a state. Before issuing any commission under this order (order XXVI of the Code of Civil Procedure), the Court may order such sum, if any, as it thinks reasonable for the expenses of the commission to be, within a time to be fixed, paid into Court by the party at whose instance or for whose benefit the commission is issued. To reduce the burden on the Courts, this kind of commission plays the most crucial role. Reports of the commission are very helpful during Court trials; they can also help in verdicts given by the Court, but the decision of the Court is final. The investigation report of the Court Commissioner will be used for reference purposes only while delivering a verdict on the said matter.

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 Keywords

1. High Court 2. Commissioner 3. Order 4. Investigation 5. Proceedings 6. Reports

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition