Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Breast engorgement refers to the painful swelling and firmness of the breasts that commonly occurs when they become overly full of milk, blood, and fluid. It often happens in the early postpartum period, typically 3-5 days after delivery, but can also occur later if feeding or milk expression is delayed. A descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the postnatal mother's knowledge concerning breast engorgement and its intervention in a selected hospital of Moodbidri Taluk, with the aim to create an information booklet. The study utilized a descriptive design and included postnatal mothers as samples. The results indicated that 45% of the mothers had poor knowledge, 50% had average knowledge, and only 5% had good knowledge. The mean score of knowledge was 40.63% and the standard deviation was 3.611. Among demographic variables, 32.5% of mothers were aged between 22-25 years group, 65% were joint families, 47.5% were Muslim religion, and 72.5% had a vaginal delivery. Additionally, 52.5% of the study participants were multiparous. The results of the study show the enhanced awareness and education strategies are required to bridge the knowledge gap. Preparation of an information booklet can be useful tool to educate postnatal mothers on identification, management, and prevention of breast engorgement. The research highlights the need for organized postnatal education to improve maternal health and breastfeeding outcomes.

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 Keywords

Postnatal Mothers, Breast engorgement, Knowledge, Health education, Information guidesheet

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Digital literacy encompasses and navigates technological information across the nation. It has evaluated the critical world with 21st century skills such as communication and use of online digital tools. It ensures safety for cybersecurity which is an enhanced data threat issue. Adapting to technologies makes creation of digital tools for content creation. There have been continuous collaboration and engagement of people through different mediums of communication that have embarked upon usage of digital platforms. This paper examines the critical role of digital literacy as a core 21st century skill essential for success in education, work and civic engagement. The paradigm shift to knowledge connects society to conceptualize literacy moving beyond technical proficiency. This develops sociological and ethical competencies across the globe. The definition of multifaceted digital literacy includes information and data literacy, communication among people, online content creation, safety and protection of data and digital citizenship. The digital competence adopts to rapid technological change. Also, there have implications to which digital literacy skills have perpetuated digital divide limiting economic development. Therefore, the need for digital literacy has been overcome by transforming changes and developmental strategies. It also improves the ability to how to use digital technology, how to collaborate with teachers and peers and how to engage with communities. Digital literacy equips young people from online to virtual communication initiating technological skills. By actively participating workshops, individuals acquire valuable skills to move ahead with the digital era. The schools and universities have equipped integration of digital literacy in curriculum. Hence, it is an opportunity for students to develop their skills through their academic studies. The importance of digital literacy empowers people to be vigilant enhancing the use of technology. The analysis of practical implications for educational policy ensures students to thrive digital landscape of the 21st century giving them ability to have essential technological knowledge.

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 Keywords

Digital Literacy, 21st Century Skills, Digital Citizenship, Information Literacy, Media Literacy

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Parenting style plays a crucial role in shaping young adults' emotional and behavioural development. It affects both how attachment patterns form and how aggression is expressed. This study examined how parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive), attachment styles (secure, avoidant, dismissive, anxious, and ambivalent), and aggression (physical, verbal, anger, and hostility) relate among young adult males and females aged 18-25. Data were collected from a sample of 100 participants. Tools were used: the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), the Attachment Style Questionnaire (APQ-SF), and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Results from Pearson correlation analysis indicated several statistically significant positive relationships (p < .001). Authoritarian parenting was moderately correlated with anxious attachment (r = .451), while ambivalent attachment was positively associated with avoidant (r = .491), dismissive attachment(r = .400), and physical aggression was both moderately correlated with dismissive(r=.347) and ambivalent attachment(r = .403). Verbal aggression correlated with both dismissive attachment (r = .343) and physical aggression (r = .689) whereas, anger moderately correlated with avoidant(r=.337) and strongly correlated with physical aggression(r=0.577). Moreover, hostility showed strong associations with physical aggression (r = .760) and anger (r = .641), as well as moderate correlations with authoritarian parenting (r = .328), avoidant (r = .352), and ambivalent attachment (r = .451) and lastly, dismissive attachment is strongly correlated with avoidant attachment(r=0.534). Overall, the results suggest that insecure attachment patterns and authoritarian parenting behaviours are closely tied to increased aggression and hostility. Encouraging supportive parenting and secure attachment may help reduce aggression among young adults.

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Parenting Styles, Attachment Styles, Aggression, Insecure Attachment, Young Adults.

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The widespread existence of smart phones in the classroom has radically changed the way college students cope with work and play. This article examines the intricate interplay between the use of smart phones and academic productivity. Smart phones provide a level of access to information, learning resources, and effective communication channels unlike any other, yet they also make available enormous sources of distraction via social media, entertainment, and incessant notifications. Conversely, habitual, uncontrolled usage, especially for multitasking and while studying, is highly linked to reduced concentration, more procrastination, and poorer academic achievement. The paper concludes by noting a research gap about the efficacy of specific interventions in promoting effective smart phone habits and recommending future study into pedagogical approaches embracing technology without sacrificing intense, concentrated work.

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 Keywords

College Students, Smart phone Use, Productivity levels,Digital Distraction, Educational Technology.

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Mindful management, classroom efficiency, student stress, academic achievement, educational psychology, stress reduction strategies

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A detailed study on the impact of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and Magnetic Clouds (MCs) on geomagnetic activity during the 24th solar cycle, from December 2009 to December 2019, has been conducted. The collected data on CMEs associated with geomagnetic storms, defined by a Dst index less than -50 nT, has been grouped into two categories: geoeffective events and non-geoeffective events. Most of the observed CMEs are of the halo type, and they are mostly found in the western hemisphere. Halo and partial halo CMEs are likely to be the main contributors to high-intensity geomagnetic storms. A weak anti-correlation (R=0.54) was found between the speed of CMEs and the Dst index for geoeffective events. However, a stronger correlation (R=0.51) was observed between CME speed and solar wind speed, while a moderate correlation (R=0.16) was noted between the Dst index and solar wind speed. The correlation between the Dst index and the southward component of the magnetic field (Bz) was found to be weak (R=0.17). The analysis showed that intense and prolonged southward magnetic field components along with high-speed solar wind are the key factors behind geomagnetic storms. It was also noted that geomagnetic storms are only weakly influenced by the speed of CMEs.

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 Keywords

Coronal mass ejections; Solar Wind; Interplanetary Magnetic Field; Geomagnetic Storms.

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Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, often resulting in hemiplegia, which severely impacts upper limb function and the ability to perform daily activities. Despite advancements in stroke rehabilitation, many patients do not achieve full recovery of arm function. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of manual therapy in improving upper limb motor function in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to assess whether manual therapy, when combined with standard rehabilitation care, leads to greater improvements in upper limb motor function, muscle spasticity, and functional independence compared to standard rehabilitation care alone. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 stroke patients with hemiplegia. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (manual therapy + standard rehabilitation care) or the control group (standard rehabilitation care only). Both groups were treated over an eight-week period. Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment, and at follow-up intervals. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements across all outcome measures. However, the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements compared to the control group. Post-treatment, the manual therapy group exhibited higher mean scores in the FMA-UE (67.10 vs. 57.13), ARAT (59.07 vs. 50.23), FIM (72.07 vs. 57.90), and reduced MAS scores indicating lower spasticity (63.00 vs. 55.47), all with P<0.001. Conclusion: The findings suggest that manual therapy, in conjunction with standard rehabilitation care, significantly enhances upper limb motor function, reduces muscle spasticity, and improves functional independence in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Integrating manual therapy into rehabilitation programs can optimize recovery outcomes for this patient population.

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 Keywords

Stroke, Hemiplegia, Upper Limb Motor Function, Manual Therapy, Rehabilitation, Randomized Controlled Trial

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 Abstract

India's ancient water management systems are a complex mixture of engineering skill, ecological equilibrium, and cultural devotion. Covering various geographic and climatic regions, these systems range from stepwells (baolis), tanks, johads, kunds, canals, and rooftop rainwater harvesting structures discovered and perfected over centuries to serve the household, agricultural, and religious requirements of societies. This research examines the various dimensions of traditional Indian water systems by viewing them through the filters of indigenous engineering, socio-cultural practices, and paradigms of sustainability. The study explores the structural and functional dynamics behind these systems, shedding light on how local materials, geomorphology, and hydrology were cleverly combined into decentralised, community-led designs. The stepped geometry of Gujarat's vavs, tank cascade systems of South India, and the Northeast's bamboo drip irrigation are examples of water technologies that show incredible resilience, flexibility, and affordability attributes that are becoming increasingly pertinent in the era of contemporary water crises and climate change. In addition to their engineering importance, these systems were integral to the socio-religious life of Indian society. Water bodies tended to be associated with temples, festivals, and rituals, which strengthened stewardship through cultural norms. Such blending promoted sustainable water use practice based on collective responsibility and spiritual ethos. Over the last few decades, though, numerous traditional water systems have gone out of use or been deconstructed as a result of urbanisation, abandonment, and centralised water infrastructure development. In a multi-disciplinary analysis involving field surveys, archival work, and interviews with stakeholders, this article weighs the ecological and cultural costs of such decline. It also provides nascent examples of resurgence frequently initiated by local communities and civil society groups where traditional systems are being renewed and hybridised with contemporary technology. The results posit in favour of the revalorization of India's water heritage in modern water governance and urban planning. By reconciling ancient knowledge with modern innovation, ancient Indian water systems present replicable models for sustainable and equitable water management in the age of Anthropocene.

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 Keywords

Indian Water System, Sacred Water Bodies, Groundwater, Sustainability, Artificial Groundwater Recharge.

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Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) is fast revolutionizing cybersecurity and presenting new moral conundrums. This is in addition to boosting detection, response, and prediction skills. An examination of the ethical environment that exists at the junction of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity is presented in this article. Efforts are being made to provide designers, operators, and lawmakers with a governance framework and rules that are both practical and ethical. It provides a list of the fundamental ethical dilemmas, which include privacy versus security, accountability, transparency, fairness, dual use dangers, and human oversight, and it investigates the ways in which currently widespread AI cybersecurity solutions either worsen or generate these conflicts. Creating a map of the ethical conundrums that are brought about by the deployment of AI in cyber security is the objective of this project.

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AI ethics, cyber security, accountability, privacy, bias

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Technology has revolutionized education by reshaping traditional teaching practices and fostering the acquisition of 21st-century skills. This paper explores how technology integration enhances learning objectives, promotes self-directed learning, and empowers learners for success in an increasingly digital world. The accessibility of information through the internet has expanded learning opportunities beyond classroom confines, nurturing a lifelong quest for knowledge. This research highlights the comparison between traditional and modern education, the need for technology in classrooms, the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education, the benefits and limitations of technology in education, and its applications. It also examines the negative impacts and the need for digital literacy.

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 Keywords

: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Digital Literacy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition