Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

The Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR) is an initiative by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) towards integrating sustainability and responsible business conduct into the corporate reporting framework. It is an attempt to align Indian disclosure requirements with global Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) standards and is in conformity with National Guidelines on Responsible Business Conduct (NGRBC), which outline nine principles guiding ethical, transparent, and sustainable business behavior. It enables stakeholders, investors, and regulators to assess the performance of companies beyond financial indicators. Hence, with the growing emphasis on BRSR disclosure, this research examines the temporal consistency and variation in disclosure practices across companies and sectors. The study had examined the companies from High-Carbon intensive and Low-Carbon intensive sectors across 9 principles of BRSR considering both essential and leadership indicators by using SEBI's BRSR Guidance Notes as the framework. A scoring mechanism was developed by allocating equal weightage to essential and leadership indicators for 9 BRSR principles. A sample of 24 listed companies was analyzed over a three-year period to evaluate their reporting patterns. Statistical tests such as Intra-Class Correlation, Kruskal Wallis H Test and Mann-Whitney U Test were applied. The findings revealed that there exists differences in reporting practices amongst the companies within both sectors but the High-Carbon intensive sector demonstrates the need for stronger and more transparent sustainability reporting practices particularly in environmental protection and customer value, given its higher environmental impact.

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 Keywords

NGRBC, High-Carbon intensive, Low-Carbon intensive, sustainability reporting

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Vrana (ulcer), in Ayurveda is defined as a structural deformity in the skin and deeper structures (gaatra avachurnana), associated with ruja (pain), srava (discharge) etc and caused either by the vitiation of the doshas (humuors of the body) or by trauma. Vrana is basically of 2 types- Dushta vrana and Shudha vrana. Shudha Vrana (acute ulcer) is easily treatable, whereas Dushta vrana is a chronic ulcer, mostly require long-term treatment. Acharya Sushruta has described Shashti Upakram for treating such vranas (ulcers). Chronic venous ulcers (CVUs) are persistent, often painful wounds that result from poor circulation in the lower extremities. These ulcers are notoriously difficult to heal, leading to a prolonged suffering experience for affected individuals .Chronic venous ulcers (CVUs) are a common and persistent clinical challenge, often requiring long-term management and wound care. In Charaka Samhita, Acharya Charaka has described Twaksanjanan churna for the wounds.With reference to that Twaksanjanan Ghruta aids in the development of new skin tissues (Twakasanjanan) and promotes wound healing (Ropan). We have applied Twaksanjanan Ghruta in a patient suffering from Chronic venous ulcer i.e Dushtavrana and we got good results in reducing Vranastrava,Vranagandha and Twakasanjanan i.e. Ropana effect .Treating chronic venous ulcers with Twakasanjanan ghruta can be very effective which stimulate cellular regeneration, improve blood circulation, and faster skin recovery.

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Chronic venous ulcer, Dushta vrana ,Twaksanjanan ghruta.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The aim of this research to control of GHG emissions from transportation that caused as a resulting of combustion of fossil fuels inside vehicle engine.GHG emissions contain types of gases that produced from burning fossil fuel such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) , nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which distributed and trap into atmosphere caused high temperature named as (global worming ). CO2 is the most common unwanted gas formed about 83% of total GHG into atmosphere, since 1 Kg of Fuel produces about 3Kg CO2.The objective of research to reduce GHG pre-combustion and during combustion of fuels, measuring and calculation fuel emissions as smart steps using different methods as emissions factors, carbon footprint, with review materials and operation to reduce emissions using tools with all databases and resources of transport sector to analyzing and estimate approximate over all GHG emissions impact occurs due to growth in developing world therefore arrange mobility management of strategies to address fuel consumption and emissions in the future depending on upon number of factors and use suitable tools to analyzing and measuring any change in environmental impact to avoid consequences of GHG emissions in the future. Finally provide the travelers with all information to use public transportation that will be reduced 86% of all emissions caused by transportation.

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GREENHOUSE ,GASES (GHG) EMISSIONS , TRANSPORTATION

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Urbanization and the expansion of agriculture are a burning problem

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Urbanization and the expansion of agriculture are a burning problem

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NAZRULER SHYAMASNGEET : SHAKTA BHABNAY ATMABEDANAR KABYA

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NAZRULER SHYAMASNGEET : SHAKTA BHABNAY ATMABEDANAR KABYA

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the 21st century, Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerged as the most powerful tool across a spectrum of sectors. It is transforming and reshaping the landscape of teaching-learning processes and pedagogical methods. It personalizes education, providing assistance to learners according to their individual pace and style. Tools such as intelligent tutoring systems and automated assessment facilitate time efficiency for the educators and enhance the support quality. The integration of Artificial Intelligence into Teacher education marks a transformative shift in how prospective teachers are trained. This article presents the application of AI system across the core courses of Teacher education i.e. contextual, techno-pedagogical, administration and management, field survey and internship. By bridging traditional teaching principles with intelligent tools, AI empowers educators to create and deliver personalized, data-driven, and immersive educational experiences from predictive modeling and real-time simulations to intelligent tutoring systems and adaptive assessments. AI is reshaping classrooms, labs and field-based learning. The article also covers innovative teaching methodologies, practical applications, and real-world case studies, demonstrating how AI not only enhances comprehension and engagement of learners but also aligns Teacher education with the needs of a rapidly evolving profession. Ethical considerations, implementation challenges, and future prospects have been also highlighted to provide a holistic view of AI. Nonetheless, issues persist, such as maintaining privacy, equity and equipping individuals with values and appropriate skills. Judicious usage of AI can ultimately contribute to the development of a more intelligent, equitable and future-oriented educational framework.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Teacher education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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An abstract on cause of action and jurisdiction under the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) must outline how the "bundle of material facts" that defines a cause of action decides where and if at all a civil suit may be filed, and how courts sift out plaints at the threshold regarding jurisdictional competence and revelation of a cause. Cause of action is not specifically defined under the CPC, but Indian courts always refer to it as all the facts which the plaintiff must establish, if navigated, in order to secure a judgment; it is the matrix of facts connecting a right, its violation, and the defendant's challenged acts. Jurisdiction over civil actions interconnects with cause of action via Section 20 CPC, which gives territorial jurisdiction when the defendant is found, carries on business, or where the cause of action accrues wholly or in part; hence, even partial accrual of crucial facts can determine forum competence. Standards of pleading support this nexus: Order VII Rule 1 mandates setting out the cause of action in the plaint, whereas Order II Rule 2 necessitates inclusion of the entire claim based on the same cause for avoiding multiplicity of proceedings. At the stage of gatekeeping, courts can dismiss a plaint under Order VII Rule 11 for non-disclosure of a cause of action or for a prima facie jurisdictional bar, examining only the averments in the plaint on a face-value basis to eliminate vexatious or incompetent suits. Doctrinally, Indian precedent defines both narrow and expansive meanings of cause of action--from facts which constitute violation of a right to the entire ensemble of material facts required for relief--each with implications for territorial forum choice and maintainability. In total, cause of action is the factual basis of a civil claim and the functional basis of territorial jurisdiction under Section 20; combined with rules of pleading and the power of rejection under Order VII Rule 11, it frames where suits are instituted, how they are articulated, and whether or not they move beyond the threshold.

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Bundle of material facts; legal right and its violation; right to sue; wrongful act or omission; injury/damage; causation; damages; maintainability; disclosure in plaint. Territorial jurisdiction; defendant resides/carries on business/works for gain; forum selection; place where cause of action arises. Relief claimed; facts constituting cause, breach; injury; concurrence of right, duty, and wrong; material facts vs evidence. Pecuniary,subject-matter jurisdiction, bundle of facts

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This thorough paper first examines the limits of patent protection in India, highlighting the 20-year exclusive rights bestowed to inventors. Additionally, a historical review shows how Indian patent rules have changed throughout time, culminating in the current Patent Act of 1972. In order to determine eligibility, the standards of patentability, such as novelty, inventive steps, and industrial application, are analyzed. Later, the article expands on the topic of patents with concepts of non-patentable inventions, from agricultural methods to frivolous claims, which are carefully examined under Section 3. The entire essay explores the intricacies of innovative steps, highlighting non-obviousness as a crucial patentability requirement. It ends by emphasizing the careful balance that patent rules uphold, guaranteeing adherence to the concepts of innovation and non-obviousness and industrial utility.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Indian invention history, Section 3 exclusions, standards of patentability, Standards of Patentability and eligibility requirements for patents.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The current study focused on understanding the relationship between Daily Spiritual Experiences and Forgiveness among emerging adults. The study also aimed to analyze the extent of influence of Daily Spiritual Experiences in determining Forgiveness among emerging adults. The Convenience sampling method was employed to collect a sample of 200 participants among males and females between the age group of 18 and 25 years. Daily Spiritual Experiences was measured using the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (Underwood, 2011), and Forgiveness was measured using the Bolton's Forgiveness Scale (Amanze & Carson, 2021). The data for the study was assessed using Pearson Product Moment correlation, and Multiple Linear Regression through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 25.0). The results portrayed that there was a significant positive correlation between Daily Spiritual Experiences and Forgiveness among emerging adults. It also demonstrated a positive influence of Daily Spiritual Experiences on Forgiveness among the chosen sample.

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Spirituality, Daily Spiritual Experiences, Forgiveness, Emerging Adults

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Through her own gaze, a woman emerges not as a fragment of another, but as a complete creation in herself. Yet, throughout history, she has been cast primarily as a muse in artistic creation, her presence reduced to an object that adds lavanya (grace) or beauty to a painting. This perspective, shaped largely by the male gaze, disregards her inner realities, what she thinks, feels, and endures each day. As Neera Desai and Usha Thakkar note in their book, 'Women in Indian Society', when men are asked what their wives do, the common response is "nothing." Such a dismissal reflects how even visible labor remains unrecognized, let alone the invisible layers of emotion women conceal in order to meet societal expectations. Society has long written women into narrow scripts, casting them as caregivers, keepers of hearth and home, and arbiters of others' needs, while their own inner landscapes remain largely unread. The joys, fears, longings, and silences of women are rarely recorded, except in fragments glimpsed through the eyes of others. It is only when women themselves take up the pen, brush, or voice that these worlds fully emerge, vibrant and unmediated. This study seeks to disturb the authority of male-centred narratives, where "man," "him," and "his" masquerade as the universal, and to place "her" at the centre of discourse. This paper turns to the work of Amrita Sher-Gil, whose paintings capture women not as silent muses or icons, but as subjects in their own right, embodying moods, emotions, and truths that continue to resonate today. It aims to reclaim the unspoken, to give form to the silenced emotions and lived experiences of women, insisting that their stories, feelings, and perceptions are not peripheral annotations but vital, dynamic, and indispensable threads in the tapestry of human understanding.

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Feminine Subjectivity, Patriarchy, Artistic Representation, Lived Experiences

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition