Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

This research work give a comparative investigate on the effect of temperature variation and surfactant on the thermodynamic and transport properties of binary and ternary system involving 18-crown-6 ether and alkali metal ions. The binary liquid system (18-crown-6 + 1 millimoles alkali metal salt) and ternary liquid system (18-crown-6 + 1 millimoles alkali metal salt + 1 cmc surfactant) were investigated at 298.15K, 308.15K. Thermodynamic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (Ks), free length (Lf) and acoustic impedance (Z) were calculated to understand the complexation and interaction in between 18-crown-6 and alkali metal ions, while transport properties such as viscosity provided comprehension into 18-crown-6 ether and alkali metal ions mobility and dynamic behavior governing the host guest chemistry in binary and ternary systems and point up the influence of thermal condition and surfactant on supramolecular interaction. In binary and ternary systems 18-crown-6 crown ether formed strong complexation with alkali metal ions as the following order RbBr > RbCl > CsBr > CsCl

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18-crown-6, surfactant, alkali metal ions, binary system, ternary system, temperature supramolecular interaction, complexation.

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The Transfer of property Act, 1882 is an important statute under Indian property law which governs the transfer of property between living persons. The statute focuses on depicting the structured legal framework for various types of property transactions such as sale, mortgage, lease, exchange, and gift. Also defines the rights and obligations of parties involved in property transfers, the Act ensures legal certainty and protects ownership interests. This project explores the key provisions of the Act and its implications within the framework of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. The CPC plays a crucial role in enforcing the substantive rights granted by the Transfer of Property Act, especially in civil suits related to possession, title disputes, and injunctions. It highlights the procedural aspects of property disputes, judicial interpretations, and the balance between substantive and procedural justice.

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1. Transfer of Property, 2. Civil Code, 3. Property Rights, 4. Legal Procedure, 5. Ownership, 6. Title, 7. Possession

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Abstract: Santosh Kumar Ghosh occupies a distinctive place in modern Bengali fiction. Among the writers who engaged with the theme of Partition, Ghosh emerges as a novelist of a different sensibility and perspective, reflecting the moral and psychological crisis of the time in a unique narrative voice. In his stories reflect the refugee crisis caused by the Partition, communal harmony that followed, the pain of displacement, the recollection of past memories, and the struggle for identity in the post-Partition period. His stories vividly portray the harsh realities of those who, not only in East or West Bengal but even beyond the borders of India, suffered and led helpless lives as victims of the Partition. In this paper, I have discussed Santosh Kumar Ghosh's short story 'Dwij' in the context of the refugee crisis, exploring the conflicts and complexities of middle-class existence in post-Partition Bengal. In the story 'Dwij' the writer shows that after the Partition, the Bengali middleclass people fell in to a deep crisis. On one hand, they are educated, cultured and religious; on the other hand, they are victims of fear, insecurity, and self-centeredness in real life. They speak of humanity, yet lose their sense of humaneness. Pride in religion and community makes them believe in their own superiority. In this story, the author shows that people can rise above the divisions and hatred of Partition and return to the light humanity - becoming the true 'Dwij', the reborn human beings. For the author partition is not only social reality but also a moral test in which the middleclass society fails the trial of humanity. Therefore, this story is not merely about the life of refugees; it is a profound moral protest against the downfall of humanity.

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Keywords: Partition, Middle-Class Struggles, Refugee Crisis, Illegal entry, Communal riot, Laking Humanity

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Voice-based interfaces powered by Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) represent a transformative shift in human-computer interaction. As of 2025, over 8.4 billion voice-enabled devices are actively used worldwide, reflecting the widespread adoption of this technology. This paper explores recent innovations in voice user interfaces, including transformer-based models, multimodal architectures, emotion detection systems, and privacy-preserving on-device processing. We examine the evolution from traditional command-based systems to conversational AI agents capable of understanding context, detecting emotions, and responding with human-like naturalness. The research highlights key applications in healthcare, customer service, and accessibility, while addressing critical challenges in accuracy, privacy, and cross-cultural adaptation. Through analysis of current literature and emerging trends, this study demonstrates how voice interfaces are reshaping digital interaction paradigms and proposes future directions for research in emotionally intelligent, privacy-focused, and context-aware voice systems.

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Voice User Interfaces, Natural Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Speech Recognition, Transformer Models, Multimodal AI, Emotion Detection, Privacy-Preserving Computing, Conversational AI

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:Lung conditions including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have long been treated with pressurized metered dosage inhalers, or MDIs. In order to atomize medication and excipient droplets that should ideally deposit in the lungs, MDIs rely on the propellant, which makes up the majority of the MDI formulation. Along with a better understanding of the effects of formulation variables on product performance, many advancements were made in the methods of formulating for MDI drug delivery during the phase-out of chlorofluorocarbon propellants and the introduction of more ecologically friendly hydrofluoroalkane propellants. Taking into account the physicochemical characteristics of different excipients and how their addition may affect the MDI's overall product performance, this paper surveys the difficulties involved in creating MDIs as solution or suspension products containing one or more medications.

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pMDI ,History, Uses, Parts of pMDI ,Advantages and Disadvantages.

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This research presents the design and development of an integrated framework that connects AI-based personal assistants with Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems to enable smart living. The system is designed to enhance user convenience, automation, and energy efficiency in daily life. The paper explains each stage of development, including requirement analysis, system design, module integration, and implementation. The proposed model allows AI personal assistants to communicate with IoT-enabled devices such as smart lights, thermostats, security systems, and appliances using voice or contextual commands. The integration ensures seamless data exchange, intelligent decision-making, and adaptive learning to create a connected, personalized living environment.

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Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Personal Assistant, Internet of Things, Smart Living, Automation, Connectivity

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The successful implementation of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is vital for lifelong learning and holistic development. Guided by NEP 2020, this study examines the practices and challenges of pre-primary education in Prayagraj through a descriptive design using a checklist-based survey of 50 teachers and 50 parents from 25 institutions. Data were categorized into Outdoor and Indoor Facilities covering indicators like playgrounds, toilets, drinking water, medical rooms, teaching methods, and digital tools. Results show that while basic facilities such as toilets and drinking water exist, gaps remain in shaded play areas, medical infrastructure, and fencing. Indoor environments have adequate lighting but lack digital aids, rest spaces, and ECCE-aligned curricula. Parents largely validated teacher findings yet showed low awareness of NEP 2020 and minimal participation. Major challenges include inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, limited training, and large class sizes. However, good practices like creative teaching aids and community involvement were observed. The study urges capacity-building, district-level policy execution, and parental awareness programs to bridge the gap between NEP 2020 goals and ground realities.

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Pre-Primary Education, Early childhood care and education (ECCE)

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Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO? NPs) are extensively used in nanotechnology for their potent antibacterial activity, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. This study deals with an environment friendly and biosynthesis process for pharmacological applications of titanium oxide nanoparticles, derived from Akarkara (Anacyclus pyrethrum) root aqueous extract. The formation and characterisation of TiO2NPs were confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX).The antibacterial activities were carried out cells with different concentrations respectively. The TiO2 nanoparticles inhibited the growth of the bacterial pathogens significantly, in a dose and duration dependent manner.

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Anacyclus pyrethrum, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Antibacterial Activity.

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Hip joint arthritis in young adults presents significant challenges, particularly in cases where conventional treatments may not be suitable or well-tolerated. Hip joint arthritis, especially in young adults, can lead to chronic pain and functional impairment. Traditional Ayurvedic treatments, focused on holistic health and natural therapies, have shown promise as an alternative or complementary treatment approach for musculoskeletal disorders, including arthritis. This article presents a case study of a 25yr male who came to shalyatantra OPD on 06/08/2024 presented with right hip joint pain and stiffness having rheumatoid factor and HLAB27 both negative, he has been diagnosed with case of hip joint arthritis (sandhigatavata) based on clinical presentation, physical examination, MRI and managed conservatively through conservative complementary Ayurvedic medicine. Clinical outcomes demonstrate significant improvement in pain, joint mobility, and overall quality of life.

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Ayurveda, Arthritis, Sandhigatavata, Pain.

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Ekakushtha is described in Ayurveda as a subtype of Kshudra Kushtha resulting primarily from the vitiation of Vata and Kapha doshas. Its clinical features show close resemblance to psoriasis, which is recognised in modern medicine as a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. Psoriasis presents with well-defined erythematous plaques and papules covered by silvery scales, commonly distributed over the scalp, knees, elbows, and lumbosacral area. Due to persistent and visible skin lesions, individuals with psoriasis often experience substantial psychological and emotional burden. High levels of stress, social withdrawal, depressive symptoms, and increased risk of suicidal ideation have been reported in affected patients. Contemporary therapeutic approaches such as topical corticosteroids, vitamin D3 analogues, phototherapy (PUVA), and systemic immunosuppressive drugs, including methotrexate provides symptomatic relief. Although beneficial, long-term therapy is frequently limited by adverse effects, drug resistance, or relapse of symptoms once medication is discontinued. This highlights an ongoing need for effective and safer long-term management options. Considering the clinical similarity, psoriasis can be correlated with Ekakushtha for Ayurvedic therapeutic planning. In the present case study, Ayurvedic interventions were administered based on the principles of Samshodhana and Samshamana chikitsa. Significant improvement was observed following detoxification procedures such as Vasantika Vamana and Sharadika Virechana, supported by internal herbo-mineral formulations and external medicated oil application. The outcome indicates that an integrative Ayurvedic approach may offer promising results while minimising toxicity concerns.

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Ekkushta, Psoriasis, Shodhan, Shaman Aushadhi, Ayurveda

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