Volume 13 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Introduction: Respiratory health is a critical aspect of overall well-being, particularly among college students who may face various challenges affecting their lung function. This study investigates the effectiveness of spirometer interventions in improving lung function among college students, addressing a gap in the literature regarding respiratory health promotion strategies in this population. Given the rising prevalence of respiratory issues and the potential impact on academic performance and quality of life, understanding effective interventions is paramount. Objective and Aims: The primary objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of spirometer interventions in improving lung function among college students. Specifically, the study aims to measure changes in chest expansion and breath-holding time following spirometer use and compare the efficacy of spirometer interventions with deep breathing exercises. By addressing these objectives, the study seeks to contribute to our understanding of effective respiratory health promotion strategies in college settings. The study is framed within the theoretical perspective of health behavior change, drawing on constructs from social cognitive theory and the trans theoretical model. These frameworks emphasize the importance of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and stages of change in adopting and maintaining health behaviors. In the context of spirometer interventions, these theories provide insights into the psychological processes involved in behavior change related to respiratory health. Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods approach is employed, comprising quantitative measurements and qualitative interviews. The research methodology involves spirometer tests to assess chest expansion and breath-holding time, supplemented by participant feedback through qualitative interviews. The sample consists of college students aged 20 to 30 years, selected through random sampling techniques. Data analysis includes descriptive statistics, t-tests, and thematic analysis to explore quantitative and qualitative findings. Quantitative analysis reveals a significant increase in chest expansion and breath-holding time post-spirometer intervention, indicating improvements in lung function among participants. Qualitative insights highlight participant satisfaction with spirometer usability and perceived benefits. Comparative analysis with deep breathing exercises shows comparable effectiveness in promoting respiratory health. Results: Interpreting the findings within the theoretical framework of health behavior change, the study underscores the importance of self-efficacy and outcome expectations in adopting spirometer interventions. The results support the notion that spirometer usage can facilitate positive changes in lung function, aligning with theories of health behavior change. Implications for theory development include the integration of spirometer interventions into existing models of behavior change and the exploration of mechanisms underlying intervention effectiveness. Existing literature supports the theoretical framework by highlighting the effectiveness of respiratory interventions, such as spirometer usage and deep breathing exercises, in improving lung function and overall respiratory health. Studies have demonstrated the positive impact of these interventions on lung capacity, breath-holding time, and subjective measures of respiratory well-being among various populations, including college students. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of spirometer interventions in improving lung function among college students, offering insights into respiratory health promotion strategies in educational settings. The findings contribute to theory development by validating the role of self-efficacy and outcome expectations in adopting respiratory interventions. Future research should further explore the long-term effects of spirometer interventions and their potential applications in diverse populations. Recommendations: Potential areas for future research include longitudinal studies to assess the sustained impact of spirometer interventions on lung function and respiratory health outcomes. Additionally, investigating the effectiveness of tailored intervention approaches based on individual characteristics and stages of behavior change could enhance our understanding of respiratory health promotion strategies. Moreover, exploring the integration of technology, such as mobile spirometer applications, may offer innovative solutions for enhancing respiratory health behaviors among college students. Overall, spirometer interventions emerged as promising tools for promoting respiratory health among college students, warranting further research to explore their long-term effects and potential applications in diverse populations.

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Keywords: Spirometer; Chest Expansion; Breath-Holding Time; Deep Breathing Exercises; College students

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Social media has transformed how consumers make decisions, serving as a critical platform for information exchange, peer influence, and brand interaction. This research investigates the role of social media in shaping consumer decision-making, focusing on emerging trends and challenges. By reviewing existing literature and employing a qualitative methodology, this paper highlights the complex interplay between social media, consumer psychology, and market dynamics. The findings underscore the dual impact of social media as both an enabler and a disruptor of consumer decision-making.

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Social Media, Shaping, Trends, Consumers

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Wireless Voice-Controlled Automation of the Home Based on internet, Bluetooth, and wi-fi, this project integrates a mobile phone (application) with an integrated system to provide the elderly and disabled with the ability to fully control their home utilities using voice commands on their phone. The non-technical individual will find it easy to carry, install, configure, run, and maintain this device due to its design. Connecting specific electrical equipment that are used in a home is known as home automation. Home automation purpose is to let the handicapped and elderly handle all of their home utilities with their voice commands. Home automation refers to the process of linking various electrical devices used in a house. This systems allows to control home appliances using a mobile app . Here we propose an automated home automation that works on speech processing. The system utilizes an HC-05 Bluetooth module to receive voice commands from a smart phone , the Pi processor now processes user's speech to extract keywords related to load switching. On processing of user spoken keywords the board operates a relay based circuit to switch loads on/off. The relay based circuit is used to switch AC supply loads easily using user commands. This project aims to demonstrate a cost-effective, user-friendly solution for home automation, leveraging the flexibility and low power consumption of the Raspberry Pi Pico

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Raspberry, Micro controller, Bluetooth module:

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The rapid advancements in quantum computing and the escalating sophistication of cyber threats necessitate the evolution of cryptographic techniques. This research introduces novel mathematical models and innovative security protocols tailored for post-quantum environments. Key contributions include the development of lattice-based cryptographic algorithms and the integration of homomorphic encryption for secure data processing without compromising privacy. Additionally, zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) have been leveraged to enhance block chain systems, ensuring transaction security while preserving confidentiality. The proposed cryptographic frameworks demonstrate resilience against quantum attacks, addressing vulnerabilities inherent in traditional algorithms like RSA and ECC. Practical applications in block chain, Internet of Things (IoT) networks, and cloud computing are explored through detailed case studies. These case studies highlight significant improvements in transaction verification speed, energy efficiency for low-power IoT devices, and resistance to quantum-based attacks. The findings emphasize the theoretical and applied contributions of this work to modern cryptography, bridging the gap between abstract models and real-world implementations. Future directions include the exploration of AI-augmented cryptographic systems and the extension of these techniques to domains such as secure voting and healthcare data protection. This research underscores the pivotal role of advanced cryptographic techniques in fortifying cybersecurity and ensuring the secure exchange of information in an increasingly interconnected digital world.

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Post-quantum cryptography, homomorphic encryption, zero-knowledge proofs, block chain security, IoT networks, quantum-resistant protocols, advanced cryptographic techniques, cybersecurity, lattice-based algorithms, secure data processing.

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Dinesh Paliwal Ki Kahaniyo Me Nari Ki Sthithi Ev Parivarthit Bhumikaye

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Dinesh Paliwal Ki Kahaniyo Me Nari Ki Sthithi Ev Parivarthit Bhumikaye

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Occupational Stress is a chronic disease caused by conditions at the workplace that negatively affect an individual's performance and overall well-being of body and mind. Many studies related to the Occupational Stress of nurses have shown that Occupational Stress decreases the quality of nursing care and increases the hospital stay of patients. Various research studies have also demonstrated prolonged stress on nurses causes not only physical disorders of the musculoskeletal system but also increases their vulnerability to mental illnesses such as depressive and anxiety disorders. The objective of study: to identify the Occupational Stress of nurses in selected hospitals of an urban area. To assess the effectiveness of Pranayama on Occupational Stress of nurses in selected hospitals of an urban area. To find out the difference between Occupational Stress experimental and control group, and to describe the association between Occupational Stress and selected background variables. Material and method: one group pretest and posttest with a control group experimental research design was applied. Ten samples were selected by simple random sampling method and data was assessed by the standardized tools as expanded nurses stress scale and tool to assess and classify work related stress. Result: the data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. In Pranayama t value was 7.2 with 4 degree of freedom. The corresponding p value was small and null hypothesis were rejected. Average Occupational Stress score reduced after practicing Pranayama

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ENSS; TAWS; Occupational Stress; Nurses; Pranayama

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Abstract:- Background: Visuospatial skills, the ability to perceive, process, and manipulate spatial information, are essential in various clinical settings, particularly in physiotherapy. These cognitive abilities play a crucial role in movement analysis, rehabilitation planning, and patient education. Despite their significance, there is limited research on how visuospatial skills are developed, assessed, and utilized within the field of physiotherapy. Aim: This scoping review aims to explore the role of visuospatial skills in physiotherapists, identify the gaps in skill development, and examine methods of assessment and strategies for improvement. The review seeks to evaluate the existing literature on visuospatial competencies and their impact on physiotherapy practice, with a focus on educational and clinical implications. Material and Methods: A comprehensive search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies that examined the role of visuospatial skills in physiotherapy. The inclusion criteria focused on studies that addressed the application, assessment, and training of visuospatial skills among physiotherapists. A thematic analysis was performed to synthesize the findings and identify key trends in the literature. Results: The review found that while expert physiotherapists demonstrate superior visuospatial skills compared to novices, systematic training in this area is underexplored. Studies highlighted the significant role of visuospatial competencies in movement analysis, treatment design, and patient communication. However, gaps in physiotherapy curricula, limited exposure to practical training, and the lack of structured assessments were identified as barriers to skill development. Furthermore, the integration of technological tools, such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), was shown to enhance visuospatial training. Discussion: The findings underscore the importance of visuospatial skills in physiotherapy, emphasizing the need for curriculum reform and the incorporation of advanced training tools. Innovations like VR and AR offer promising avenues for improving spatial reasoning and clinical decision-making. However, challenges related to resource access, curriculum integration, and standardized assessment remain. Bridging these gaps requires a collaborative effort between academic institutions, healthcare organizations, and policymakers.

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Visuospatial skills, Physiotherapy, Clinical decision-making, Movement analysis, Education, Technology, Virtual reality, Augmented reality, Skill development, Curriculum reform.

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The culture and the historical site reflect the country's past and its deep history. It is a piece of country's memory collected in present. However, the globalisation and human civilisation affect the historical sites which reflects our past. Today's globalisation is the challenge to prevention of cultural heritage. In developing countries, maximum people are interested in preservation and promotion of historical sites and its culture as well as source of revenue from tourist both national and international. The preservation of culture and historical site/heritage share its deep meaning to humankind. The study analysed the preservation of art and culture and historical sites of the state. For the preservation, it is the time to transfer knowledge and technology through education to the state. The tourism is the way to explore our culture and past history to the people of India and other foreign nation. The study analysed most important cultural site of Manipur and its challenges to promote our culture through tourism in the state.

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Culture, historical site, preservation, globalisation, tourist, knowledge and technology

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The healthcare sector in rural India faces a severe crisis characterized by an 80% shortfall in specialist doctors, inadequate chronic disease management, and irregular patient records. To address these persistent challenges, we propose LUMIN, an AI driven digital healthcare platform tailored for rural and semi-urban populations. The platform integrates cutting-edge technologies, including wearable devices, health-tracking APIs, and predictive analytics, to enhance healthcare accessibility, efficiency, and outcomes. Key features of LUMIN include real-time health monitoring, chronic illness supervision, and predictive analytics for early health risk identification. Gender-specific health needs are addressed through tools like a menstrual cycle tracker, while telemedicine ensures timely emergency consultations. The platform's AI-powered chatbot provides health guidance and reminders, reducing dependence on immediate human intervention. A subscription-based model with tiered pricing ensures affordability and scalability, catering to economically diverse users. Technologically, the platform is built using React.js for a responsive frontend, Node.js for a robust backend, and MongoDB for efficient data management. Advanced AI algorithms implemented via TensorFlow and PyTorch enable personalized healthcare insights. The integration of cloud-based solutions ensures scalability and data security while adhering to healthcare compliance standards. This project emphasizes proactive healthcare practices, shifting the focus from reactive treatments to preventive care. By empowering both users and healthcare providers, LUMIN addresses systemic healthcare disparities and aims to transform rural healthcare delivery. The scalable, inclusive design positions the platform as a sustainable solution for bridging healthcare gaps in underserved regions, paving the way for equitable health services and improved quality of life.

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Digital Healthcare, Rural India, Telemedicine, Real-time Health Monitoring, Healthcare Accessibility

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In Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, this study examines the critical role that Self-Help Groups (SHGs) play in promoting women's empowerment through microfinance in both rural and urban regions. Women make up the majority of SHGs, which are grassroots financial intermediaries that provide access to credit, savings, and financial literacy. This study examines the effects of SHG membership on women's socioeconomic circumstances, decision-making skills, and general empowerment. Data were gathered from a sample of 200 women participants from different SHGs in Kancheepuram District using a mixed-methods technique. Structured surveys were used to collect quantitative data, and focus groups and in-depth interviews were used to get qualitative insights. The results show that SHGs play a major role in enhancing women's economic standing by giving them the capital they need to launch and grow small enterprises. SHGs also improve women's self-esteem, ability to make decisions, and involvement in community events.The study highlights the differences in impact between rural and urban settings, noting that while both areas benefit from SHG involvement, the nature and extent of empowerment vary. In rural areas, SHGs primarily address economic and educational barriers, whereas in urban areas, they also tackle issues related to social mobility and entrepreneurship. In conclusion, SHGs serve as effective instruments for women's empowerment, bridging the gap between financial inclusion and social development. The research underscores the need for policy support and capacity-building initiatives to further strengthen the impact of SHGs in both rural and urban contexts of Kancheepuram District.

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Self-Help Groups, Women Empowerment, Microfinance, Rural Development, Urban Development, Kancheepuram District Tamil Nadu.

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