Volume 13 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Curcumin, a bioactive compound from Curcuma longa, is renowned for its therapeutic properties but suffers from poor water solubility and low bioavailability, limiting its clinical potential. This review explores the formulation and evaluation of nanoemulsion-based transdermal patches for curcumin and its nitro derivatives to address these limitations. Nanoemulsions were prepared using oil-in-water systems and were optimized for particle size, zeta potential, stability, and drug release properties. Ex- vivo permeation studies demonstrated enhanced skin penetration of nitro derivative nanoemulsions compared to plain curcumin formulations. Transdermal patches made from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) further enhanced bioavailability by bypassing first-pass metabolism, reducing dosing frequency, and improving patient compliance.

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Curcumin, Nanoemulsion, Transdermal patch

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In 2017, the city sewerage network was planned and developed in phases. The immediate demand for the year 2021 was materialized and taken as the base year for further system augmentation was planned in two phases - short term(2035) and long term (2050) and comprises the construction of new STPs; strengthening of primary network; replacement of pipe network, more than 30-50 years old and reduce carrying capacity; and road restoration. The thought of this project evolved over the decade due to the deterioration of water quality in the Kanh and Saraswati rivers. It started with the BRTS corridor project that initially proposed a 30 km long road along the river banks. Thereafter, Simhastha 2016 inspired IMC to formulate an action plan for the diversion of grey and black outfalls to improve the quality of water reaching Ujjain from Indore. Then, in 2017-18, the project was again undertaken under the AMRUT scheme. The Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) decided to formulate a comprehensive plan for holistic sewerage coverage and sanitation in the city by diverting 100% black and grey water outfalls with zero pumping. With the aim of river rejuvenation at its heart, the city has pledged to take on the following measures in this regard: A decentralized sanitation system, Reuse of treated wastewater, River rejuvenation through treated wastewater, and Ensuring encroachment-free and GVP-free water bodies. An important aspect of the project to note here is that the citizens of Indore came forward to contribute to the project by investing their own time, money, and resources. Their sheer motivation and firm resolution to abide by the rules of safe and clean sanitation is evident in their efforts towards solid waste management and now towards Total Sanitation. Now the whole 100% of households are covered under the city sanitation system. 100% of non-domestic establishments are covered by the city sanitation system. 100% of CT, PT, and Urinals are covered by the city sanitation system. There is improved access to safe sanitation for slums and squatters. Encroachment by slums and squatters along the rivers and drains has reduced. There is safe and scientific disposal of black water.

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Keywords-Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC), Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), Open Defecation Free (ODF), Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP), Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP).

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Climate change exacerbates the decay of historical monuments in India by fostering conditions conducive to fungal growth. Elevated temperatures, heightened humidity, and altered precipitation patterns promote the proliferation of fungi on these structures. Changes in biodiversity, particularly in microbial communities, further contribute to the degradation process. Effective conservation strategies must address these environmental factors to mitigate fungal damage to India's monuments. This research investigates the factors facilitating the growth of mycoflora and subsequent degradation of heritage monuments, focusing on the iconic Patna Museum, established in 1917. The museum boasts a diverse collection of artifacts, sculptures, and artworks representing Bihar's rich cultural heritage. Given its historical significance and urgent preservation needs, Patna Museum serves as a pivotal site for sample collection and analysis. This study delves into various stressors and factors, with a particular emphasis on mycoflora, that have significantly impacted Patna Museum in recent decades. The examination aims to comprehend the diversity of fungi associated with deteriorated monument sites, specifically collecting 10 samples from different locations within Patna Museum, Patna, Bihar State. Five fungal species were isolated, with Aspergillus sp. emerging as the most prevalent, followed by Penicillium sp. These identified microfungi contribute to the discoloration and mechanical exfoliation of building stone material, as evidenced by mechanical hyphae penetration and the production of dark pigments and organic acids.

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climate change, monument, biodiversity, Patna Museum

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This article explores the intersection of reception theory and the value of adaptation in literature, visual arts, music, and theater. Reception theory, pioneered by Hans Robert Jauss, shifts the focus from the creator to the audience, emphasizing the evolving cultural and personal contexts that shape how stories are interpreted. Adaptations serve as transformative dialogues between the original work, its reimagining, and contemporary audiences, ensuring stories remain relevant across time and space. Examples such as Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea, Alfred Hitchcock's Rebecca, and Lin-Manuel Miranda's Hamilton illustrate how adaptations reframe narratives to address new perspectives, cultural dynamics, and societal values. This article highlights how the reinterpretation of familiar tales enriches their meaning, engages diverse audiences, and underscores the timeless power of storytelling. By applying reception theory, the article demonstrates that the true value of adaptations lies in their ability to connect, challenge, and inspire audiences across generations.

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Reception theory, adaptation, literature, visual arts, music, theater, audience interpretation, cultural context, storytelling, Jean Rhys, Wide Sargasso Sea, Alfred Hitchcock, Rebecca, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Hamilton, reinterpretation, narrative transformation, societal values, timeless stories, audience engagement, Hans Robert Jauss.

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With a population of 2.96 million people spread over 276 sq. km, Indore generates about 367.8 MLD of wastewater daily. This includes wastewater generated from 5.77 lakh units comprised of residential, industrial, and commercial establishments, etc (IMC's DPR V-1, 2017). The different types of liquid waste generated include wastewater, fats, oil or grease, sewage sludge, hazardous household liquids, organic wastewater, inorganic wastewater, storm water, and other liquid waste. Handling wastewater was a challenge, and the wastewater found its way into the Kanh and Saraswati Rivers and at the end of Kshipra River, affecting water quality. There was a need for technological interventions to deal with the wastewater by treating the water, promoting its reuse, and releasing the treated water into rivers. It undertook INNOVATE processes for strengthening the technological aspects of treatment technologies.

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Keywords: Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC), Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), Open Defecation Free (ODF), Urban Local Body (ULB), Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP), Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Education is a fundamental driver of human development, and inclusive education plays a crucial role in ensuring that all students, including those with disabilities, have equal opportunities to succeed. This study explores the attitudes of regular school teachers toward the inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream classrooms within Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh. Utilizing a survey research design, the study administered a comprehensive questionnaire to 63 teachers, encompassing both male and female participants with varying years of experience. The findings reveal that teachers generally hold a positive attitude towards inclusive education. However, the analysis shows no statistically significant differences in attitudes based on gender, locality, years of experience, general educational qualification, or the presence of students with disabilities in the classroom. Notably, teachers with special education training exhibited slightly more favorable attitudes, though this difference was not statistically significant. These results underscore the importance of professional development and specialized training in fostering supportive attitudes towards inclusion. The study highlights the need for further research into other factors influencing teachers' attitudes and the barriers to effective inclusion. By addressing these areas, educators and policymakers can better support inclusive practices, ensuring that all students receive the educational opportunities they deserve.

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Attitudes, Regular School Teachers, Inclusion, Students with Disabilities, Classroom Integration

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Malnutrition significantly affects children's health, educational potential, and overall well-being. This study assesses the prevalence of malnutrition among primary school children in Lucknow and compares rates between private and government schools. Using a quantitative descriptive research design, 400 students from selected schools were evaluated through anthropometric measurements and socio-demographic data. Results indicated a higher prevalence of malnutrition in government schools (90%) compared to private schools (80.50%). These findings emphasize the need for targeted nutritional interventions in schools to address malnutrition.

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Assess, Prevalence, Malnutrition, Primary School, Government School.

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Wave propagation through porous media is a phenomenon of significant interest across diverse scientific and engineering disciplines, including soil mechanics, seismology, acoustics, earthquake engineering, ocean engineering, and geophysics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on this subject.We begin by examining Biot's seminal theory, which describes wave propagation in linear, elastic, fluid-saturated porous media. Biot's theory predicts the existence of two dilatational waves and one rotational wave within such media. Notably, the second dilatational wave exhibits strong attenuation and displays diffusion-like behavior. The influence of coupling between the solid and fluid phases has a diminishing effect on the first dilatational wave while amplifying the second.This review delves into various analytical and numerical solutions derived by researchers based on Biot's theory. We then explore the extension of Biot's theory to unsaturated soils, discussing common approaches that adapt equations for saturated media by modifying density and compressibility parameters to account for the presence of air and water.The review further investigates methods for determining the permeability of porous media through the attenuation of dilatational waves. We then focus on the extensive research in geophysics concerning the prediction of acoustic wave speeds and attenuations in marine sediments, alongside studies on the dissipation of water waves at ocean bottoms.The mixture theory, a prominent framework in continuum mechanics, is discussed within the context of wave propagation in porous media. Subsequently, we present an alternative approach to deriving governing equations for wave propagation in porous media based on macroscopic balance equations.Finally, we analyze wave propagation in fractured porous media saturated with two immiscible fluids.

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Wave propagation, Porous media, Biot's theory, Dilatational waves, Rotational waves, Coupling effects, Permeability, Fractured porous media.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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'Labour' as a subject is added in the concurrent list of the Indian Constitution. 'Social Security' means various protective measures that have been provided to the employees particularly in old age, retirement, sickness, work injury, maternity or the loss of the only bread winner in the family. With the objective of simplifying labour laws, the Indian government has formulated new labour codes. It is considered as an important step not only towards reforming and facilitating various labour laws but also in removing the rigidities imposed by them. This paper highlights the provisions of the new codes and their relevance in the present scenario in the labour market.

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Labour, Social Security, Labour Codes, Labour Welfare, Relevance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In this very dynamic corporate world, management students do not only build their hard skills but also their soft skills to cope with the new demands in the industry. This exploratory research is focused on the core competencies which, among others, include critical thinking, innovation, leadership, and emotional intelligence to make students winners in the knowledge-based competition. On the part of the 'Case Studies, Experiential Learning, and Role-playing' (CER) as pedagogical strategies solidifying it are closely associated with what must be taught and what is expected in the present and future years in the corporate landscape. According to the one research conducted by Cenage , one of the critical aspects is the development of skills that are only human, such as communication, and adaptability in future leaders to prepare them for an automatic and global work environment. This research paper discusses the essential qualities that administrators should have and can be achieved by students and suggests solutions to the dislocation between studying and corporate workplace requirements. It is expected to stress the significance of educational institutions in the quest for competency-based learning, as well as the need for industry-academia collaboration in the process of building a talent pool destined for facing the nitty-gritty of today's business world. This study attempts to engage in the development of competencies by operationally defining these competencies, being necessarily specific, and creative. By this, it is a definite contribution of this research to the collective knowledge and discussion on how to enhance employability and professional success among management graduates.

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Core competencies, leadership, emotional intelligence, strategic thinking, experiential learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition