Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

India's civil justice system is also plagued by chronic pendency, procedural lags, and the mounting cost of litigation . This article examines how compulsory Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms, especially mediation, can transform India's civil justice system. Learning from comparative experiences in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union, the paper analyses legislative models, institutional frameworks, and judicial initiatives facilitating compulsory or court-annexed ADR . The research examines Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), the Commercial Courts Act, and the Mediation Act, 2023, against their limitations . Using the comparative analysis, it suggests a reform agenda balancing party autonomy and efficiency, judicial oversight, and setting accreditation standards for mediators. The results indicate that calibrated obligatory ADR has the potential to improve access to justice, decongest courts, and bring India's delivery of justice up to international best practices.

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 Keywords

Mandatory ADR, Civil Justice Reform, Comparative Law, Section 89 CPC, Mediation Act 2023, United States, United Kingdom, European Union

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sarojini Naidu was an Indian poet also known as the "The Nightingale of India" She was a political activist, social reformer and feminist leader also who played a pivotal role in India's Independence movement. She was one of the most influential poets with fervent nationalism. Her poetry is frankly and unabashedly, the romantic poetry Nature is the external environment of man, and Sarojini looks at it with a child-like open eyed wonder. She has a great reverence for spring and other seasons. Sarojini's imagination was mythopoeic and many are nature-myths that she has created and woven into the fabric of her nature-poetry. Her poetry doesn't portray only beautiful colours and forms of nature, but it is also filled with melodies of Nature. Sarojini belongs to the English romantic school of poetry. Just like other romantic poets her poetry was also characterised by sensuousness, by opulence in words, phrasing and imagery and was frankly escapist. Her picture of India has been called romantic, sentimental in short, "Kipling's India . Her eyes turned towards beauty as the sunflowers turn towards the sun, and it is this beauty of nature which she celebrates in one lyric after another just like a true romantic poet.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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romanticism, Nature, spring, love, birds

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Though D.H. Lawrence had to fight against the protest of public for he revolted against the established social norms, he achieved great prominence in the 2nd part of twentieth century and at-present none hesitate to accept that he has carved a niche for himself in the global literacy horizon and that at present he has become the source of inspiration for most of the writers of tales and fictions. Needless to say that Lawrence, a man of creative genius had woven intricate pattern out of his fictional writings and left an indelible mark in the literacy world. He was born in a mining village of Nottingham which remained for him "the country of the heart". Since he was from miner's family, he did not have a happy childhood. His father was a regular drunkard who never treated him with true fatherly affection. His parents lacked harmony in their relationship and this left an unremittingly dark scars on the soul of the children. Lawrence was attached to his mother very much who in spite of her all bitterness had diverted her passion towards her children and was very possessive about them. Thus he found himself lurking between Miriam and Clara to get love and affection. The present paper in an attempt to analyze some of his early tales critically. I have explained critically only six early tales of D.H. Lawrence. These tales were written between 1907 and 1914 and these tales are remarkable for Lawrence insight into social and psychological realism. These tales objectively dramatise the conflict between Eastwood and London.

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 Keywords

The Early Tales, Social Norms, Niche, Horizon, Creative, Indelible, Unremittingly, Scars, Harmony, Insight, Dramatize, Intricate.

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This study presents an experimental phonetic investigation of vowel production and perception in English, examining the relationship between acoustic variability and perceptual categorization. Acoustic data were collected from 20 adult native speakers of English under controlled recording conditions and analyzed with respect to first and second formant frequencies (F1, F2). Perceptual data were obtained through a forced-choice vowel identification task administered to native listeners. Statistical analyses were conducted using repeated-measures ANOVA and linear mixed-effects models to account for speaker- and item-level variability. Results reveal a well-structured acoustic vowel space alongside systematic inter-speaker variation, while perceptual accuracy is strongly predicted by acoustic distance in F1-F2 space. The findings contribute to experimental phonetics by clarifying how perceptual stability is maintained despite substantial production variability in English vowel systems.

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English vowels; experimental phonetics; acoustic analysis; speech perception; mixed-effects models

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Background: De Quervain's Tenosynovitis is a painful condition involving inflammation of the tendon sheath of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons and is commonly associated with repetitive thumb and wrist movements. Objective: To determine the prevalence of De Quervains Tenosynovitis among professional mehendi artists in Pune. Methodology: An observational study was conducted on 110 professional mehendi artists aged 20-40 years using convenient sampling Finkelstein's test was used to assess the presence of De Quervain's Tenosynovitis .Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Result: The prevalence of De Quervain's Tenosynovitis was found to be 68.2%. Females constituted 59% of the study population. Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of De Quervain's Tenosynovitis among professional mehendi artists, highlighting the need for preventive strategies and early physiotherapeutic intervention.

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De Quervain's Tenosynovitis ; Mehendi Artists ; Prevalence; Finkelstein Test, Occupational Health

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The widespread application of pyrethroid-based insecticides has raised increasing concern regarding their unintended consequences in aquatic environments. Deltamethrin, although valued for its effectiveness against insect pests and relatively rapid degradation under terrestrial conditions, may exert toxic effects on aquatic organisms when introduced into freshwater systems. The present investigation assessed the biochemical consequences of prolonged sublethal deltamethrin exposure by analyzing total protein content in the liver and kidney of the freshwater air-breathing fish Heteropneustes fossilis, a species of ecological and economic importance. Adult fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations of deltamethrin (0.05 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L) for periods of 14 and 21 days under controlled laboratory conditions. Protein levels in hepatic and renal tissues were quantified using a standardized colorimetric assay. A statistically significant decline in protein concentration was observed in both organs, with reductions intensifying at higher exposure concentrations and longer durations. Hepatic tissue consistently exhibited greater depletion compared to renal tissue. The observed decrease in protein levels reflects metabolic disturbance likely associated with impaired biosynthesis, enhanced proteolysis, and pesticide-induced physiological stress. These findings demonstrate that tissue protein content serves as a sensitive biochemical marker for detecting sublethal pesticide toxicity and underscore the susceptibility of metabolically active organs to chemical stress in freshwater fish.

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Deitamethrin, Heteropneustes fossilis, Hepatic and Renal

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The socioeconomic standing of nomadic tribes in the Karnataka villages of Ramagiri (N=27) and Chithrahalli (N=70) is investigated in this study. The results indicate that although government programs such as ration benefits, healthcare, scholarships, and reservations have made it easier to get necessities, problems still exist in the areas of social acceptance, work, education, healthcare, and paperwork. These communities are still denied the full benefits due to discrimination, corruption, and ignorance. In order to guarantee sustained inclusion and support India's vision of Viksit Bharat 2047, the report suggests a greater emphasis on political involvement, housing rights, livelihoods, education, and efficient policy execution.

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Nomadic Tribes, Sudugadu Sidda Community, Ramgiri, Chithrahalli, Chithradurga District, Karnataka

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Juvenile delinquency has emerged as a serious social concern in contemporary India, particularly in rapidly urbanising towns such as Itanagar. This article examines the major causes of juvenile delinquency by analysing the interplay of socio-economic, familial, and psychological factors that influence adolescent behaviour. Factors such as poverty, lack of parental supervision, family violence, substance abuse, negative peer influence, and the impact of media are identified as key contributors to juvenile crime. The study also highlights the vulnerability of adolescents during their transitional developmental phase, drawing upon psychological theories to explain identity crises and role confusion among juveniles. Furthermore, by focusing on both structural and individual-level factors, the article emphasises the need for a comprehensive and preventive approach involving family support, education, and social intervention. The study aims to contribute to a better understanding of juvenile delinquency and to encourage policy measures that prioritise rehabilitation and social integration over punishment.

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Keywords: Juvenile Delinquency, Adolescence, Poverty, Parental Guidance, Peer Influence.

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This study investigates differences in self-esteem and self-concept between children with visual impairment (VI) and their sighted peers. A sample of 120 students (60 with VI and 60 sighted), aged 10-16 years, participated in the study. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) were administered in accessible formats. A comparative, cross-sectional design was adopted, and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The findings (illustrative data) revealed that students with VI scored significantly lower on overall self-esteem and academic/physical self-concept, but were comparable to sighted peers in social and moral self-concept domains. Qualitative responses indicated that peer acceptance, teacher support, and parental attitudes strongly influenced self-perception. The study recommends inclusive psychosocial support programmes, counselling interventions, and peer sensitization to promote healthy self-development among children with Visual Impairment.

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Visual Impairment, Self-Esteem, Self-Concept, Comparative Study, Psychosocial Development, Inclusive Education etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: The FMCG is the fourth largest sector in the Indian economy. The sector exhibits the characters of low capital intensive, brand switching, comparatively less customization and the like. The brand awareness and ensuring the acceptance is needed to the marketers. The digital era provides ample opportunities to the marketers to leverage and strengthen their market base. The rural markets are untapped potential for the FMCG segment. The Technology penetration among the masses is here to stay and progress. The FMCG segment can capture the attention and adapt to the trend of the market. The present study captures the influence of Digital marketing on the Fast Moving Consumer Goods in the city of India.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Goods, Content-Based, Digital Agency. FMCG.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition