Volume 7 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Communication involves conveying thoughts and ideas to others through speech and facial expressions. It is a vital aspect of human life, facilitating interaction with the world. However, for individuals with hearing impairments, communication can be challenging without the aid of devices like battery-operated hearing aids, hand signals, and facial expressions. In this project, an Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR) system is introduced, leveraging image-processing capabilities in lip-reading to support speech recognition systems. This approach integrates both audio and visual processing, meaning that separate video and audio recognition processes are combined. Our project utilizes a Kannada audio database--a Dravidian language spoken by over 60 million people in Karnataka--to assist those with hearing impairments. The proposed AVSR model comprises three main components: (a) an audio feature extraction mechanism, (b) a visual feature extraction mechanism, and (c) an audio and visual feature integration mechanism. The integration mechanism merges the outputs from both the audio and visual extraction processes to produce final classification results. In this work, the audio feature mechanism is designed using Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and a Random Forest system, while the visual feature mechanism is developed using Haar-Cascade Detection with MATLAB and a Feedforward Neural Network system. These extracted features are then integrated using a hybrid model that includes both Random Forest and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques. The system's performance, in terms of speech recognition accuracy and robustness, was tested using speech data in a clean environment. On average, the final audio recognition rate is 88%, the visual recognition rate is 57%, and the integrated system achieves an overall recognition rate of 86%.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hybrid Model, Random Forest, AVSR, Feature Extraction, Lip Localization, Word Recognition.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sharan Kumar Limbale's novel Outcaste vividly portrays the psychological, social, and economic facets of caste-based prejudice in India by exposing the exploitation of Dalits. The Dalit community is impacted by the book's portrayal of systemic oppression. The article examines the protagonist's experiences using caste exploitation as a lens, and it also looks at broader implications for understanding the challenges faced by oppressed groups and the role literature plays in fostering social change.

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Dalit Exploitation in Sharan Kumar Limbale's Outcaste

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Marginalization, also known as social elimination, is an occurrence where certain groups of people are left without access to certain aspects of society due to different factors such as historical bias and lack of funding. These marginalized individuals do not unavoidably belong to any specific demographic but are often at a drawback when it comes to obtaining healthcare, decent education, and employment that would improve their well-being. Marginalization can effect from intentional campaigns or accidentally due to structures that benefit some members while making life challenging for others. Causes of marginalization include discrimination and bias, structural disadvantages, poverty, and limited talent pools. Discrimination and bias can lead policymakers or community members to create structures that keep certain groups from take parting fully in society, such as apartheid and institutional boundaries like the prohibition of marriage among people of the same sex. Poverty is a major provider to marginalization, as poor people often lack the time or resources to advocate for their wellbeing. Structural disadvantages can also be a factor, as society denies them the space or accommodations they need to advocate for their needs and make their voices heard. Marginalization harms society as a whole, but marginalized people shoulder the main encumber of that impact. Limited talent pools, criminal activity, and mental health issues are some of the ruinous effects of marginalization. Gate keeping institutions and workplaces produce conditions where only certain people from precise backgrounds advance and have a voice, leading to homogeneity and the breakdown to bring new perspectives and fresh ideas to decision-makers. Marginalized people may also run into seemingly insuperable challenges when pursuing legal means of earning a living, inspiring them to turn to illegal means. Take political action by getting occupied in social justice initiatives, which requires both organization and ally ship to build coalitions of people who can bring attention to cause and effect change. Learn about marginalization and its impact, which creates understanding and a better understanding of marginalized groups and dispels misinformation about how and why certain groups get disqualified from society. Invest in transportation and public services, which are often lacking for marginalized groups, to remove some of these domineering barriers. Marginalization is a broad issue touching many people with different needs. To address this issue, it is essential to take political action, learn about marginalization, invest in transportation and public services, and learn about the forces that persist to impact everyday life.

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 Keywords

Marginalization, Exploitation, Maghai Dhome, Santosh Pujari, Dam and Charsa

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Let G be a graph with minimal vertex dominating sets G1, G2, ......Gm. Form a graph D(G) with vertices corresponding to G1, G2, ....Gm and two sets Gi and Gj are adjacent if they have atleast one vertex in common. This graph D(G) is known as Dominating Graph. Minimum cardinality of a minimal dominating sets of D(G) is called domination number of D(G) and is denoted by ?(D(G)). In this paper, bounds on ?(D(G)) are obtained and its exact values for some standard graphs are found.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Path, Complete graph, Complete bipartite graph, Domination number, ?- set.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The major issue of producing electrical energy in remote places are due to lack of energy sources. This paper proposes a standalone hybrid solar and wind energy system for rural electrification. Maximum solar power is extracted by using MPPT perturbation and Observation method and PMSG is utilized to convert the wind kinetic energy into electrical energy. Five level cascaded H bridge inverter is used for converting dc power to ac. Total Harmonic Distortion is reduced by using LC filter and it is verified by FET analysis. Simulation model of hybrid energy system is done by using MATLAB/Simulink software

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 Keywords

Hybrid system, solar and wind generation, Multi-Level Inverter [MLI], Cascaded H Bridge, Total Harmonic Distortion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This Study synthesizes fifteen seminal works spanning from 1977 to 2015, each challenging conventional methodologies in wind energy analysis and unveiling nuanced insights crucial for sustainable energy development. From scrutinizing wind speed probability distributions in locations like La Ventosa, Mexico, to optimizing wind energy planning for offshore wind farm design, these studies offer invaluable insights into wind behavior complexities and their implications for renewable energy generation. By proposing novel frameworks and tailored methodologies, researchers emphasize precision and innovation in wind energy analysis, paving the way for more informed decision-making and sustainable energy solutions globally.

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 Keywords

Geographical contexts, Renewable energy, Statistical modeling, Sustainable energy solutions, Weibull distribution, Wind dynamics, Wind energy analysis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Autonomous vehicles are poised to become one of the most pervasive and impactful applications of Computer Vision, Machine and Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence. However, difficult challenges still remain before their widespread deployment, many of which concern the system as a whole, rather than single components in isolation. Examples include the code sign of hardware components and algorithms, the coupled interactions between perception and control, the optimal allocation of finite computational resources to concurrent processes, and safe multi-agent behaviors.

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CREATING A COST EFFECTIVE SCALE MODEL OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TEST BED

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 Abstract

We humans are known for maintaining cleanliness may it be our home or the vehicle we travel in. As we know the number of vehicles worldwide increasing day by day hence keeping the vehicles clean have become a big issue. People often tend to give their vehicles outside for cleaning; therefore spending a lot of money and some in order to save money, people exhaust their time and energy cleaning the vehicle themselves. We live in a period where all the works are made to be done by a machine either automatic or remote controlled. The already existing automatic car washer is very costly and takes huge place for a family to install for their personal use. Hence we have come up with a solution of a car washer which is remote controlled and are affordable for family use, which can be parked in the corner of a parking when not in use. This project is about reducing size and cost of the machine that is used for washing vehicle. The machine is remote controlled hence contains transmitter and receiver. For the movement of the machines motors and wheels are used. For the better cleaning the water is directly connected to the tap by the help of pipe and using pump and pressure gun the water is then sprayed. The glass washer and car washing liquid is stored in a container and is sprayed as and when required using a motor and drip technique. The arm is rotated using motors. The wheels of the vehicle are also taken into consideration and there is a separate brush which is used for the cleaning of the wheel. Safety of the car and the operator and the machine is also taken into consideration and hence sensors are used which when detects the machine too close to the vehicle which may cause any harm to the vehicle then it gives out an alarm to warn the operator. Aurdino is used for some of the operations to be performed under some cases and waterproofing of the devices is very important in order to avoid electrical shortage and loose connection, tight packing is given priority.

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 Keywords

Car Washer, Aurdino, Sensors

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This comprehensive review critically analyses the complex correlation between DC microgrids and the incorporation of Distributed Generation (DG). It offers a full evaluation of fundamental principles, advanced control strategies, technology advancements, and practical implementations in real-world scenarios. This research examines the ability of Direct Current (DC) microgrids to effectively integrate and optimize various DG sources within the context of a paradigm shift towards decentralized energy solutions. The paper critically examines the obstacles and opportunities associated with renewable energy systems and different DG technologies. It provides essential insights for researchers, engineers, and politicians who are involved in the complex process of integrating distributed energy into existing systems. This review serves as a crucial resource that contributes to the understanding of DG in DC microgrids. It plays a significant role in developing conversations surrounding energy solutions that are both resilient and sustainable.This paper not only discusses the difficulties related to the integration of DG, but also emphasizes practical examples that demonstrate the flexibility and effectiveness of DC microgrid designs. This study serves as a crucial resource for stakeholders who aim to use the potential of DC microgrids, since it encompasses a comprehensive analysis of power electronics, energy storage, and sophisticated control systems. By combining critical evaluation with practical implementation, this review offers valuable insights and guidance in the field. The complete investigation plays a significant role in advancing the integration of DG, which is essential for creating a resilient and sustainable energy environment. It provides basic information that is needed for achieving effective integration. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of the integration of DG within DC microgrids. From laying the groundwork with fundamental principles to scrutinizing challenges, technological advancements, and practical applications, this review aims to offer a holistic understanding of the dynamic landscape where DC microgrids intersect with distributed energy generation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

DC Microgrid, DG, Renewable Energy, Power Electronics, Energy Storage, Control Strategies, Integration Challenges.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Speech processing has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, with probabilistic models playing a pivotal role in enhancing various tasks, including speech recognition, synthesis, and understanding. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent trends in speech processing, focusing on the application of probabilistic models. We explore the theoretical foundations, methodologies, and practical implementations of probabilistic models in speech processing tasks. Additionally, we discuss the challenges, emerging trends, and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

A Novel and Realistic Review on Recent Trends in Speech Processing Using Probabilistic Models

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition