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ABSTRACT Cancer is a global problem. It is becoming more a more challenging problem in both developed and developing countries .Cancer is the second leading cause of death. This may be due to increasing number of carcinogens, lack of skilled diagnosis and more people seeking medical care .As the cancer is a malignant disease, it attracted ten public fear and concerns. Childhood cancer is a physically and cognitively debilitating disease, leading to short-term fatal consequences or long-term adverse effects of prolonged illness and treatment. According to the recent NCRP report based on data from hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs'), Childhood cancers (0-14 years of age) comprise 4% of all reported cancers in India. The proportion of children affected may be higher owing to "missed cases" due to low coverage, lack of awareness, delayed diagnosis and a fledgling electronic referral system. Statement of the problem "Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding selected childhood malignancy among mothers of children under 10 years in a rural area of Palakkad District." Objectives of the study ? To assess the pre test knowledge regarding selected childhood malignancy among mothers of children under 10 years. ? To assess the post test knowledge regarding selected childhood malignancy among mothers of children under 10 years. ? To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding selected childhood malignancy among mothers of children under 10 years. ? To determine the association between pretest knowledge with their selected demographic variables. Method The design used in this study is Pre-experimental one group pretest posttest design .Descriptive study conducted by administration of structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge level of mothers of children under 10 years regarding selected childhood malignancy.Total 30 mothers were selected by non probabilityconvenient sampling. Study conducted among mothers of children under 10 years in Vaniyamkulam, Ottapalam, Palakkad District. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result The knowledge score of mothers regarding childhood malignancy was low. The mean pretest knowledge score was 8.9 out of 20. The mean knowledge score percentage was only 44.9%. Data shows that highest percentage (40%) of the mothers had satisfactory knowledge regarding Childhood malignancy. 16.7% of mothers had good knowledge and 36.7% had poor knowledge. Only 6.6% had excellent knowledge about Childhood malignancy.The mean posttest knowledge score obtained is 15 The mean knowledge score percentage was 75%. The data shows that the highest percentage 60% of mothers have good knowledge, 33.3% having excellent knowledge and 6.7% having satisfactory knowledge regarding childhood malignancy. The paired 't' test was done to find out the difference between the mean pretest and post-test knowledge score. Thecalculated't' value(5.99) was found to be significant This reveals that on the whole the knowledge level of Mothersregardingchildhood malignancy was low. All chi-square values were lesser than that of the tabulated values. The findings indicated that there is no significant association between the knowledge score and selected demographic variables Interpretation and Conclusion The knowledge score of Mothers regarding childhood malignancy score was low. The findings of the study would help the nurses to develop an insight into the importance of health education regarding Childhood malignancy and its various aspects. .