Volume 8 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass is a replacement of transportation fuel. Due to high demand of transportation fuels and shortage of commercial fuel, lignocellulosic ethanol is recognized as a viable and unique liquid transportation fuel with environmental friendly option. Agricultural and forestry residue, grasses, corn straw and fast growing woods are used as raw material for lignocellulosic ethanol production. All these are renewable source which gives the edge over fossil fuels and crude oil, particularly in reducing greenhouse gas emission. In this paper, we critically reviewed the biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol.

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 Keywords

Biomass, Cellulosic, Ethanol, Fuel, Lignocellulosic, Straw.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The main objective of our project is to fabricate a motorized high speed four way hacksaw machine. Modification of the conventional power hacksaw machine taking place in order to achieve high productivity of work-pieces than the power hacksaw machine using scotch yoke mechanism. This machine is built with the four hacksaw machines such that tall the machines are operated simultaneously with the help of a motor and scotch yoke mechanism. The Scotch Yoke mechanism converts the rotary motion into the reciprocating motion. This concepts is used to convert the rotary motion of the motor to the reciprocating motion of the hacksaw blades. This motion is used for hacksaw machine, in this model we can operate the hacksaws at same time. This machine works with minimum vibrations and jerks. All the sour hacksaw blades are connected with the scotch yoke mechanism in such a way that when the motor is switched on, all the blades receive power and cut the materials according to the requirement. Different materials can also be cut on this machine, hence the purposed model of hacksaw machines will be welcomed by many industries due to compactness and efficiency.

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 Keywords

Multi-Way Hacksaw, Scotch Yoke Mechanism, Hacksaw Machine, etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Romantic Age was the most fertile era for the poetry in English literature , as it deals with the great range of subjects because poets of this age were writing whatever they could imagine and in their own style. Emotions were given the foremost importance for the birth of poetry , for which William Wordsworth, pioneer of romantics, says , �poetry is the over spontaneous flow of the powerful emotions�. This paper deals with the different themes which prevailed in the poetry of romantic poets and describes how romantists made themselves different from the previous age of wit and reasoning.

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 Keywords

Romantics , Nature, Supernatural, Imagination, Hellenism and Poetic diction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the real-time outdoor application of computer vision-based systems, haze removal, a technique that can recover clear images from foggy ones, is necessary for further image processing. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient haze removal method suitable for very-large-scale integration (VLSI) implementation is proposed to obtain high quality fog-free images. Based on the atmosphere scattering model and the dark channel prior method, the atmospheric light of the whole image and the transmission map can be extracted. These are important parameters of the recovery model. Instead of using single global atmospheric light to restore foggy image, local atmospheric light is estimated and applied in the proposed design to achieve optimal results. To ensure that the overall image is consistent without block artefacts, a local atmospheric light is dynamically adjusted based on the global atmospheric light. Additionally, to obtain a transmission map, a refined estimation method is performed to reduce the halo effect. To meet the requirements of real-time applications, six-stage VLSI architecture for the proposed algorithm is implemented.

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 Keywords

Haze removal, Local Atmospheric light, VLSI

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

COVID-19 lockdown under the Decree on Public Administration in Emergency Situation, B.E. 2548 was partially eased from 3 May 2020 to allow public venues including retailers, market, flea markets, floating markets to reopen again with preventative measures imposed, i.e., temperature check for sellers and buyers, social distancing while choosing and paying. Flea markets in this research means any market without any permanent fixture offering fresh produces, goods and services. Flea markets are a part of Thai way of life; they are local and a congregating place of 20,000 � 30,000 consumers with revenue ranging from 600,000 and 10,000,000bht per day per flea market. Flea markets are scattered around Thailand and their market value are significant, however the crowded nature of flea markets is against social distancing guideline imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19; thus, social distancing would render a third of service space in flea markets unusable. In order to concurrently maintain the sales, satisfying consumers� needs and preventing COVID-19, the objective of the research is set to study (1) new normal consumer behavior in flea markets, (2) consumer behavior in deciding to purchase products and services in flea markets during COVID-19 outbreak which is the basis of set marketing mix, and (3) retailer marketing strategy. Primary data and secondary data are collected for this research. Primary data is collected by survey method by asking sample group to complete 400 questionnaires and the information thereof is analysed by descriptive method. The research finds that the majority of questionnaire answers show the new normal consumer behavior in flea markets during COVID-19 outbreak are (1) the majority of consumers wear masks but do not have a temperature check, wash hands every time they visit flea markets, nor do they stay home to prevent COVID-19 spread, and, on top of the aforementioned, there was no social distancing; (2) consumer behavior in deciding to purchase products and services in flea markets reflects the totality of decisions which are (i) whether � yes, (ii) why � nearby and cheap, (iii) when � every time there is a flea market, (iv) where � flea market near home or office, (v) how � paid in cash, (vi) how much - 200 - 500bht/visit, (vii) how often � 2 � 3 time/week, and (viii) how long � 30 � 60minutes/visit; and (3) in relation to retail marketing mix, retail strategy consists of store differentiation and positioning which focuses on benefits in consistent with new normal particularly social distancing and such strategy aligns with retail marketing mix for (i) Distribution (location) and service assortment, (ii) Product assortment: increasing fresh produce, daily items and products for COVID-19 prevention or new normal, (iii) Promotion or Communication using promotion mix to support new normal, increase sales and profits (how much, how, how long), provide pre-purchase and post-purchase services, and (iv) Price: at the same price or at lower price.

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 Keywords

Consumer Behavior, Flea Market, Retailing Marketing Strategy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In this paper, the concept of fuzzy pseudo Lindelof spaces is introduced. Several characterizations of fuzzy pseudo Lindelof spaces are given. The conditions under which fuzzy pseudo Lindelof spaces are obtained. Key Words : Fuzzy dense set, Fuzzy nowhere dense set, Fuzzy rst category set, Fuzzy simply open set, Fuzzy resolvable set, Fuzzy pseudo open set, Fuzzy hyper connected space, Fuzzy strongly irresolvable space, Fuzzy sub maximal space.

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ON FUZZY PSEUDO LINDELOF SPACES

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From the history to make the country stable, peaceful and to protect the human rights, constitutional laws contribute a very necessary role to make the country�s people on right track in the sake of country�s present and future with the recommendations of a constitute assembly and its parliamentary system based on new constitution laws as Article 370. Article 370 which provided the Jammu and Kashmir state �distinct sovereign status� and targeting bifurcate the state into two successors �union territories� with additional limited aboriginal administrative power. This Article being a �temporary provision� is not proficient to abrogate, modify or replaced one snidely. Article 370 has vast literature and history which does not emerges from legal or constitutional dimensions but it has deep rooted political and religious dimension which also impact on the international relation of India and Pakistan, further with UN and USA. The previous generous region�s sovereignty has been anxious since 1947 and its territory is alienated by army �line of control� with Pakistan supervisory about one-third and disputing India�s prerogative over furthermost of the reminder as J&K where China also entitlements some of the region�s land as located near to Ladakh. The United Nation deliberates Jammu and Kashmir to be disputed territory, but New Delhi ,the status quo party, calls the recent legal changes an internal matter and it is usually opposes third �part involvement in the Kashmir issue. In this hypothesis, abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian constitution is taken as an �legal analytical study� where focusing the complex issues and matter of responsibilities in the making of Article 370 and its right implication, Division of States by The Union, Distinct Constitution Position of High Court , Emergency Provisions as Temporary and Transition, Fundamental Rights and Ground Reality Scenarios under The Constitution of Indian and its Problem Solving Skill�s impact on Valley of Kashmir (Jammu- Kashmir and Ladakh ) towards country peace and international relations.

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 Keywords

The Constitution of India, Jammu- Kashmir and Ladakh, Article 370, Temporary Provisions, Ground Reality Scenarios, Union Territories, Human Rights, Legal Analytical Study, Problem Solving Skills, Country Peace And International Relations

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The brutal assault, gang rape and murder of a female in Delhi in December, 2012, by six men, in which one of the accused was seventeen years old juvenile, raised a debate on the age limit of juvenile in India. Under The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children), Act, 2000, the maximum sentence that could be awarded to juvenile was three years of of detention in a remand home, irrespective of the gravity of the offence. This led to tremendous public outcry demanding a change in the juvenile justice laws, lowering the age limit of juveniles, and stricter punishment for juveniles committing grave offences like rape and murder. Justice J.S Verma Committee which was constituted to amend the criminal laws and to examine the deficiencies of existing criminal law regime governing sexual assault against women rejected the demand for lowering the age of juvenile to sixteen. He opined there should be stricter implementation of the 2000 Act and need to need to reform and restructure the existing juvenile justice and welfare system. However the government disregarded these recommendations and to tackle the alarming situation Parliament passed The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015. The basic objective of this Act is to set deterrence standards for juvenile offenders and to protect the rights of the victim. The 2015 Act differentiates between petty, serious, and heinous offences, and proposes to treat juvenile offenders who commit �heinous offences� between the ages of sixteen and eighteen as adults by putting them to trial under the criminal justice system. The main object of this paper is to identify the Reasons as to why a juvenile could commit heinous crimes and to discuss whether reducing the age can result in retributive justice rather than reformative and restorative justice.

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 Keywords

Child, Juvenile Delinquency, Age of Criminal Liability, Reformation theory, Sociological school, Heinous Offences

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In recent trends, the importance of consuming vegetables for the maintenance of normal health is being realized in all parts of the world. Out of nearly 300 commercial cultivated crops in the world, about half were vegetables. Comparatively, vegetables are one of the cheapest sources of natural nutritive foods. Their consumption in sufficient quantity provides taste, palatability and increases appetite. Improved nutrition through increased intake of vegetables will necessitate a considerable increase in the production of vegetables which in turn demands an increase in the area under cultivation and production of vegetables. The increased supply of vegetables brought about through improved techniques will bring down the cost of cultivation. Normally, vegetable crops give higher yield per unit area as compared to cereal crops. Further, increase in vegetable production can provide more farm employment. Marketing behavior of a farmer is influenced by several factors. The study was conducted purposively in Tumakuru district to assess the marketing behaviour of vegetable growers. The total of 100 vegetable growers were formed the sample for the study. The primary data were collected through personal interview method with the help of pre-tested interview schedule which was prepared on the basis of objectives of investigation and variables. The statistical tests and procedures were used for analyzing the data.

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 Keywords

Vegetable production, Commercial cultivation, Vegetable growers, Marketing behavior.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Instructional supervision is a professional continuous and cooperative process for the improvement of learning and teaching instruction. This study assessed the level of performance of the administrators� duties and responsibilities and its relationship to their level of compliance with the standards for instructional supervision.This paper considers how instructional supervision and support by educational authorities help improve the teaching�learning process and the professional development of school administrators in the secondary public schools in the National Capital Region (Metro Manila, Philippines). To date the research into this field in the Philippine educational system has tended to focus on the mechanics and standards of instructional supervision among school administrators. The paper examines how administrators perform their duties and responsibilities in compliance with the standards for instructional supervision as basis for enhancing instructional supervisory plan. It also investigates how administrators improve the teaching�learning process and provide effective professional development of teachers at public secondary school level. The paper aims to develop and enhance an effective instructional supervisory plan among school heads to support the four (4) key areas of teaching-learning process, the Instructional Support for Teachers� Effectiveness and Efficiency; Teachers Capability Building; Curricular Enhancement; and Assessment of Learning Outcomes. It concludes by recommending various measures for strengthening the efforts of school administrators in the public secondary schools and provide academic and instructional support to teachers and students for quality education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Administrators� Performance; Duties and Responsibilities; Instructional Supervision; Enhanced Supervisory Plan; Administrative Supervision ; Teachers� Professional Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition