Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Under the pretext of protection and safety, women have historically been confined to circumscribed spaces both physically and psychologically. This systemic restriction has resulted in a deep-rooted internalization of patriarchal ideologies, conditioning even women themselves to perceive femininity as inherently frail and dependent. The subjugation of women, manifesting across social, cultural, and ideological spheres, has been a recurrent motif in diverse literary traditions. The present article offers a critical exploration of the complex gender politics in A Quest for Freedom, the English translation of Sweccha, a seminal Telugu novel authored by Volga. Through a close textual analysis, this paper discusses how the narrative articulates resistance to entrenched gender norms, exposing and interrogating the structures of power that sustain gender inequality. Volga's narrative deftly engages with feminist concerns, offering a layered portrayal of women's struggles for autonomy and self-definition within a patriarchal milieu This paper situates A Quest for Freedom within the broader corpus of feminist literature, emphasizing its significance as a transformative text that contributes meaningfully to contemporary discourses on gender and social justice. Through its nuanced depiction of female subjectivity, resistance, and emancipation, the novel offers critical insights into the dynamics of gender politics. In analyzing Volga's narrative technique and thematic emphasis, the article aims to deepen scholarly engagement with feminist literary production, while interrogating the prevailing societal constructs that continue to shape and limit women's lived experiences.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

feminism, patriarchy, identity, power politics

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO?) and widespread water contamination have emerged as critical global environmental challenges. In this research paper, the development of eco-friendly and cost-effective catalytic systems is essential for sustainable remediation strategies. This study focuses on the green synthesis of metal oxide (TiO2) nano-catalysts using plant extracts Ocimum sanctum alternative to conventional chemical methods. The synthesized nano-catalysts, TiO?, were characterized using XRD, SEM and TEM, techniques to evaluate their structural and morphological properties. The green-synthesized nano-catalysts demonstrated excellent catalytic activity in two key applications: photocatalytic CO? reduction under simulated solar light, and degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. The CO? reduction experiments showed enhanced conversion efficiency toward valuable products such as methanol and formic acid, while water purification trials exhibited significant degradation rates of dyes and pharmaceutical contaminants. The performance is attributed to the high surface area, controlled morphology, and enhanced charge separation of the green-synthesized nanomaterials.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Photocatalyst, SEM, TEM, XRD, Pollutant, Nano-catalyst etc.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Study habits, distracter variables, mathematics achievement, senior secondary, self-regulated learning, digital distraction

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has transitioned from being a voluntary, philanthropic activity to a strategic imperative that drives competitiveness and ensures long-term financial sustainability. In the era of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) accountability, CSR has emerged as a critical tool for businesses to create shared value, balance stakeholder expectations, and strengthen resilience against global uncertainties. This paper examines how CSR contributes to profitability, risk reduction, and innovation, while also generating socio economic and environmental value for communities. A mixed-method approach was employed, with primary data collected through a structured Google Form survey of over 30 CSR and strategy professionals across IT, retail, consumer goods, and healthcare sectors, alongside secondary data from literature (2018-2024) and case study analysis of CSR initiatives in Visakhapatnam (Vizag), India, where companies invested INR114.04 crore in 2023-24 across education, healthcare, rural development, renewable energy, and afforestation. The survey findings revealed that CSR significantly enhances financial stability, customer loyalty, investor interest, and risk management (all averaging 5/5), while moderately reducing operational costs (4/5) and improving employee retention and satisfaction (4/5). Qualitative insights emphasized CSR's role in brand differentiation, attracting ESG-conscious investors, and reducing reputational risks during crises, though barriers such as budget constraints, ROI justification, and leadership apathy persist. Case studies from Vizag reinforced these findings, with ICICI Foundation's INR550 crore Oncology Block at KGH improving healthcare equity and goodwill, AMNS Vizag's 120 kW solar project reducing energy costs, Coromandel International's community infrastructure strengthening social capital, and Visakhapatnam Port Authority's afforestation of 31,800 saplings enhancing climate resilience. Overall, the evidence confirms that CSR should not be viewed as an expense but as a strategic investment in financial sustainability. Firms that integrate CSR into their core strategies achieve stronger brand equity, greater investor trust, and enhanced long-term viability compared to those treating it as peripheral. The study concludes by recommending the integration of CSR Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) into financial planning, the adoption of digital tools such as AI and blockchain for ROI measurement, and sector-specific longitudinal studies to strengthen the CSR-finance nexus in emerging economies.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Sustainability, ESG, Survey Analysis, Case Studies, Vizag, India.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The unexpected collapse of a section of NH-66 in Kooriyad, Kerala, has exposed serious flaws in infrastructure planning and construction oversight. The failure occurred in a region characterized by soft loamy clay soils, which are known to retain water and lose strength under load--yet these geotechnical conditions were inadequately addressed during the project. Continuous rainfall, poor stormwater drainage, and possibly uncompact backfill further destabilized the slope, leading to differential settlement and structural failure. This incident highlights the urgent need for thorough soil investigations, site-specific engineering designs, and accountable construction practices, especially in terrain-sensitive zones. Ultimately, sustainable infrastructure demands more than materials--it requires scientific foresight, respect for natural conditions, and a long-term commitment to responsible engineering.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Lomay Clay Soil, Geotechnical Failure, Sustainable Infrastructure, Slope Instability.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The study has been done on the thought process of political economy by Karl Marx, Phule and Dr.B.R.Ambedkar in view of the agony that migrant laborers undergone during the lock-down periods of Covid-19. Study has used historical tools for analysis. Karl Marx has contributed much to understand the exploitation of working class during the economic development process. He has expected the proletarian revolution in the process which ultimately ends the trauma of labor force. Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phule an Indian contemporary of Karl Marx has given a lengthy description on the plight of shudra cultivators in India during the Peshwa's Rule and advocated for funding of primary education by state as he felt education is an ultimate tool to get awareness on human rights to end the misery of human beings. The high-altitude services of Savitri Bhai Phule, the wife of Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phule during a Plague pandemic is an ultimate inspiration to do service to fellow human beings in troubled times like Covid-19. Dr.B.R.Ambedkar has given much folded solution to the problem of India's depressed classes which includes constitutional safe guards to the working classes along with Nationalization of land and industries. He called for proportionate representation in political and non-political administration too. He wanted India with socio-political democracy with liberty, equality and fraternity. We found that it is the utmost relevance of prevalence of socio-political-economy thought of Karl Marx-Phule and Dr,B.R.Ambedkar in a view to sensitize the political set-up and civil society on poor and for the poor in the unprecedented times like lockdowns of Covid-19.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

working class, proletarian, exploitation, nationalization, welfare, education, revolution, liberty, equality, fraternity

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Manipur, a state renowned for its rich diversity of languages and cultures, faces significant challenges in managing its library systems effectively due to the multilingual makeup of its population. The presence of numerous indigenous languages and cultural practices calls for libraries that cater to the specific needs of various communities. In this scenario, Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a promising solution to enhance library services by facilitating better access to information, addressing language barriers, and supporting the preservation of native languages and cultural traditions. AI technologies can streamline information searches, provide personalized learning experiences, and foster inclusivity by bridging the gap between different linguistic groups. This paper delves into the potential applications of AI in Manipur's libraries, focusing on overcoming language barriers, ensuring cultural inclusivity, and safeguarding local knowledge. Drawing on relevant case studies and existing research, the paper emphasizes the importance of developing AI systems that are culturally sensitive and customized to meet the needs of Manipur's unique demographic. It discusses the practical aspects of implementing AI, such as creating language models for local dialects, promoting equal access to digital content, and involving local communities in the AI development process. The paper concludes by arguing that AI can revolutionize library services in Manipur, making them more inclusive and accessible while preserving the state's cultural heritage for future generations. However, the successful integration of AI into these systems requires a deep understanding of Manipur's cultural context and careful consideration of the challenges posed by its multilingual population.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India has hosted successive refugee movements for more than seven decades--from Partition (1947) and Tibetans (1959) to Sri Lankan Tamils (1980s-2000s), Afghans, Chakma-Hajong communities, and, most recently, Rohingya from Myanmar. Yet India has neither acceded to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol nor enacted a national refugee law. Protection, therefore, relies on a patchwork of constitutional guarantees, ordinary immigration statutes, executive practice, UNHCR's limited mandate operations, and case-by-case judicial interventions. This paper critically examines India's refugee policy through a human-rights lens. Methodologically, it synthesizes constitutional doctrine, statutes (especially the Foreigners Act, 1946), Supreme Court and High Court decisions, UNHCR practice in India, and recent executive measures, including the rules operationalizing the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA). It finds persistent structural gaps--legal uncertainty around status determination, risks of detention and deportation, uneven access to socio-economic rights, and gendered vulnerabilities--exacerbated by a securitized approach to "illegal migration." Results indicate that while Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution have provided a floor of protection, their application remains contingent and inconsistently enforced across refugee groups. The paper argues that adopting a rights-based, uniform refugee framework--aligned with India's constitutional values and international obligations--would reconcile humanitarian commitments with legitimate security concerns. It concludes with actionable reforms: a comprehensive refugee statute codifying non-refoulement, procedural safeguards against arbitrary detention, clear roles for UNHCR and domestic institutions, calibrated use of the CAA to avoid discrimination or statelessness, and regionally coordinated burden-sharing.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Refugee protection, Non-refoulement, Securitized migration policy, Detention and deportation, UNHCR in India

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India being most populous nation in the world, with a population of approximately 1.428 billion people where in notably, over 40% of this population falls under the age group of 25, placing India with a median age of 28 years. This growth has contributed significantly to the nation's GDP which enabled India to secure the world's fifth-largest global economy with an estimated 4.0 trillion USD (Time- 2023, pewresearch -2023). Contrary to the demographic advantage, there are persistent scarcity of skills for employments. According to a modern study, only 45% graduates are employable with required skill set which indicates a huge gap between the academic curricula and industry demands. Recruiters are reluctant to recruit Gen Z candidates as they lack in teamwork, communication skills and managing conflicts at workplace due to inefficiency of applicability skills to incorporate acquired theoretical knowledge into practice. (time.com, 2024) In order to bridge this gap between the industry expectations and academic supply of Gen-Z, it is crucial to adapt activity-based classroom teaching pedagogy to empower the Gen-Z with employability skills. Addressing this challenge aligns with SDG 4 framed by United Nations General Assembly, 2015 which emphasizes the inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all (UN- DESA-SDG-2015). The framework of bloom's taxonomy theory, popularly accepted model across the educational bodies to deliver the curriculum efficiently. On the other hand, the levels of its applicability have impacted over the employability skills acquired by the students. The present study aims to understand the importance of Activity Based Classroom teaching strategies using the bloom's taxonomy framework towards the development of employability skills among Gen-Z using the statistical tool JAMOVI version 4 application and inferential statistical test.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SDG-4, ABC teaching, employ-ability skills and Blooms Taxonomy, Sustainable Strategy.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract-- In order to enhance signal processing, this work explores the integration of neural networks (NN) at very-large-scale integration (VLSI) levels. In terms of SNR, processing time (latency), energy consumption, and accuracy of signal processing tasks, we suggested and implemented a neural-network-based VLSI based on NNs and compared it with a traditional DSP. Our findings show that, in comparison to DSP techniques, the NN-based circuit efficiently boosts SNR by up to 7 dB. According to latency measurements, the NN-based circuit outperforms the DSP, which has average latencies of 3.5 and 6.2 microseconds for single and complex jobs, respectively, with average latencies of 1.2 and 2.8 microseconds. Additionally, with a 45 mW power usage, the NN implementation reduces the average power by 40%. In contrast, DSP uses 75 mW. With 98.2% accuracies for signal filtering, 97.5% for denoising, and 99.1% for pattern recognition, NN-based circuits outperform DSP, which has accuracies of 95.7%, 92.3%, and 96.8%, respectively, according to accuracy study. These results highlight the better precision, throughput, and energy efficiency that the NN-based circuit can provide. In conclusion, neural network implementation on VLSI can offer notable benefits over DSP-based implementation, making it seem like a promising technology for advanced signal processing that demands high precision, high efficiency, and high performance. By using NN-based circuits in general signal processing applications like communications, imaging, and real-time data analysis, this study lays the groundwork for future advancements in VLSI.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Networks (NN), Very-Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) Circuits, Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Latency and Processing Speed.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition