Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT_ The extensive use of Social Networking in India has been on the rise among the new generation youths. In today's world, life cannot be imagined without Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, What- sApp, LinkedIn or Twitter accounts and online handles. The new age social networking culture has been well accepted and has met an enthusiastic response and acceptance. There are reports of cultural changes and in the way traditional interactions and social communications are conducted in India. Research studies on this new age social media impact and usage within India have been limited to specific surveys and theories. The objectives of this study is an attempt to investigate the extent of social networking impact on the Indian youth. The reason for selecting youth as the target audience is because the direction of a country and culture is decided by the direction taken by youths of that country. This paper is an attempt to analyse the pattern of social networking usage and impact in order to determine the social networking addiction. The extensive use of Social Networking in India has been on the rise among the new generation youths. In today's world, life cannot be imagined without Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, skype, WhatsApp, LinkedIn or Twitter accounts and online handles. The new age social networking culture has been well accepted and has met an enthusiastic response and acceptance. There are reports of cultural changes and in the way traditional interactions and social communications are conducted in India. Research studies on this new age social media impact and usage within India have been limited to specific surveys and theories. As social media sites continue to grow in popularity, it is our premise that Technology is a vital part in today's student success equation. This descriptive, exploratory research study drew a random sample (N=48) of males (n=26) and females (n=22) who were administered a student perception questionnaire on how social media affects students of management college of Bhopal. 35% percent of the participants were undergraduates and 65% were graduate students, studying at management colleges of Bhopal. 31% percent of participants have full-time jobs, 30% have part-time jobs and 39% do not have jobs. The results of the survey questionnaire indicate that 45% of the sample admitted that they spent 6-8 hours per day checking social media sites, while 23% spent more than 8 hours; 20% spent 2-4 hours and only 12% spent less than 2 hours on this task. Results indicate while most college students use social media and spend many hours checking social media sites, there was a negative aspect to college students' use of social media. The objectives of this research paper is an attempt to investigate the extent of social networking impact on the students of management colleges in Bhopal. . The reason for selecting college students is that, present pursuing college students are youth of our country and as we all know the direction of a country and culture is decided by the direction taken by youths of that country. This paper is an attempt to analyze the pattern of social networking usage and impact in order to determine the social networking addiction. Key Words: social media, college students, learning efficiency, networking, culture. The extensive use of Social Networking in India has been on the rise among the new generation youths. In today's world, life cannot be imagined without Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, What- sApp, LinkedIn or Twitter accounts and online handles. The new age social networking culture has been well accepted and has met an enthusiastic response and acceptance. There are reports of cultural changes and in the way traditional interactions and social communications are conducted in India. Research studies on this new age social media impact and usage within India have been limited to specific surveys and theories. The objectives of this study is an attempt to investigate the extent of social networking impact on the Indian youth. The reason for selecting youth as the target audience is because the direction of a country and culture is decided by the direction taken by youths of that country. This paper is an attempt to analyse the pattern of social networking usage and impact in order to determine the social networking addiction. The extensive use of Social Networking in India has been on the rise among the new generation youths. In today's world, life cannot be imagined without Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, What- sApp, LinkedIn or Twitter accounts and online handles. The new age social networking culture has been well accepted and has met an enthusiastic response and acceptance. There are reports of cultural changes and in the way traditional interactions and social communications are conducted in India. Research studies on this new age social media impact and usage within India have been limited to specific surveys and theories. The objectives of this study is an attempt to investigate the extent of social networking impact on the Indian youth. The reason for selecting youth as the target audience is because the direction of a country and culture is decided by the direction taken by youths of that country. This paper is an attempt to analyse the pattern of social networking usage and impact in order to determine the social networking addiction.

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Key Words: social media, college students, learning efficiency, networking, culture. The extensive use of Social Networking in India has been on the rise among the new generation youths. In today's world, life cannot be imagined without Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, What- sApp, LinkedIn or Twitter accounts and online handles. The new age social networking culture has been well accepted and has met an enthusiastic response and acceptance. There are reports of cultural changes and in the way

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Clostridium botulinum serotype B produces botulinum neurotoxin type B (BTX-B), a zinc-dependent endopeptidase with unique structural and receptor-binding characteristics. Although BTX-B is FDA-approved for select clinical indications, its microbial diversity, gene organization, and structural adaptations remain comparatively underexplored. This mini-review consolidates current knowledge on the taxonomy, strain variation, and genetic architecture of BTX-B-producing C. botulinum, including the role of toxin gene clusters and accessory proteins in modulating yield, stability, and host specificity. Structural analysis is linked to the dual receptor-binding mechanism of the toxin and its enzymatic cleavage of vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP), which collectively underpin its biological activity. By integrating these microbiological insights with an overview of current and emerging applications, this review highlights BTX-B as both a model bacterial protein toxin and a promising candidate for biotechnological innovation. Understanding its microbial basis offers new opportunities for safe production, targeted delivery, and the development of next-generation neurotoxin-based tools.

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Clostridium botulinum; botulinum neurotoxin type B; microbial genetics; toxin gene clusters; neurotoxin structure; biotechnology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract- The family Solanaceae consist of many plants, one of them is solanum viarum dunal. This plant contains chemical constituents like solasodine, alkaloids, flavonoids and fatty acid. The plant has many medicinal properties and used cardiotonic, anti-fungal, ant spermatogenic, antiandrogenic, immunomodulatory, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. Herbal tablet prepared by wet granulation method. The drug used in this study were Solanum viarum, talc, lactose, starch, gelatin and magnesium stearate. Then the granules were evaluated for pre-formulation study. Formulated tablet was evaluated for post compression parameter. The tablet was evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration test. Their dissolution was assessed by using UV visible spectrophotometer at 274 nm wavelength. From the above study, we conclude that the herbal tablet was prepared by wet granulation method and gave the acceptable and adequate results. The tablet shows instantaneous drug release due to compressed tablet.

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Solanum viraum, herbal tablet, analgesic activity, antipyretic activity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract- The internet is frequently hailed as a remarkable tool, an engaging platform, and a liberating experience. However, the question remains: for whom? As the online world expands, many of us are at risk of falling prey to sophisticated cybercriminals who expertly navigate the digital landscape. Cyberspace, often referred to as the web, is a dynamic and intangible environment. This paper examines the emerging threat of cybercrime, a new breed of business and high-tech criminality. It provides an overview of cybercrimes, the perpetrators, and their motivations. A detailed discussion of various cybercrimes will be presented, along with the unique challenges and response issues that arise during prevention, detection, and investigation. Additionally, this paper will outline the relevant sections of the IT Act 2000 of India and propose new provisions to enhance the legislation. The discussion will cover the complexities of cybercrime and the need for effective measures to combat this growing threat

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cyber crime ,laws ,threat ,internet, offence, remarkable tool

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Access to safe and reliable drinking water remains a critical challenge in rural India despite significant policy interventions. The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), launched in 2019, aims to provide functional household tap connections to every rural household by 2024. This study examines household willingness to pay (WTP) for improved drinking water services under JJM in Tamil Nadu, with a focus on socio-economic determinants, water quality perceptions, and service reliability. Primary survey data were collected from rural households and analysed using a logistic regression framework. The results indicate that income, education, and gender of the household head significantly increase WTP, while negative perceptions of water quality reduce it. Households with higher awareness of health risks associated with poor water quality reported stronger WTP, highlighting the role of information in shaping demand. Policy implications suggest that beyond infrastructure provision, ensuring water quality monitoring, transparent communication, and community engagement are essential to build trust and achieve cost recovery in rural water supply. This study fills a gap in the literature by linking household-level perceptions to financial sustainability of JJM in Tamil Nadu, offering insights for scaling rural water programmes in India.

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Jal Jeevan Mission, Willingness to Pay, Rural Water Supply, Tamil Nadu, Household Perceptions

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The Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector plays a significant role in shaping consumer lifestyles, with personal care products being one of its most dynamic segments. Consumer brand preference in this category is influenced by multiple factors such as quality, price, availability, packaging, brand image, and promotional strategies. This study aims to examine consumer brand preferences for personal care products in Aruppukottai town. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to a sample of consumers across different demographic groups. The findings highlight the key determinants of brand preference, reveal the most preferred brands in the personal care segment, and provide insights into the role of consumer perception and purchasing behavior in brand selection. The study concludes with suggestions for marketers to strengthen brand loyalty and align marketing strategies with consumer expectations in the competitive FMCG market.

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FMCG, Brand Preference, Consumer Behavior, Personal Care Products, Aruppukottai, Brand Loyalty, Purchasing Decisions, Marketing Strategies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), Bioanalytical Method Development, Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), Electrospray Ionization (ESI), Recovery Rate, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Ritonavir.

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Sleep hygiene encompasses a variety of behavioural and environmental recommendations intended to promote healthy and restful sleep. Despite its importance, many individuals lack adequate knowledge or engage in poor sleep-related practices, leading to widespread sleep disturbances. Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) regarding sleep hygiene is essential to identify gaps, raise awareness, and promote behavioural change. This study aims to evaluate the KAP of individuals concerning sleep hygiene and its potential influence on sleep quality and overall wellbeing. Statement of the Problem: A study to assess the knowledge, attitude & practice on sleep hygiene among nursing students in selected colleges of Rohtas. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge regarding sleep hygiene among nursing students measured by structure-based questionnaire. To assess the attitude of nursing students towards sleep hygiene measures by structure-based questionnaire. To examine the sleep hygiene practices adopted by nursing students measured by structure-based questionnaire. To determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice of sleep hygiene measure by structure-based questionnaire. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted among the conveniently selected 60 Nursing Students in Narayan Nursing College, Jamuhar, Sasaram. After obtaining the informed consent from the research participant KAPquestionnaire on Sleep hygiene was administered. Result: On assessing the knowledge of the sample on Sleep Hygiene the researcher understood that 5% (3) of the samples had poor knowledge, 56.6% (34) had moderate knowledge, 38.3% (23) had good knowledge.On assessing the Attitude of the sample on Sleep Hygiene the researcher understood that 13.3% (8) of the samples had Positive Attitude, 83.3% (50) had Neutral Attitude, 3.3% (2) had Negative Attitude.On assessing the Practice of the sample on Sleep Hygiene the researcher understood that 38.3% (23) of the samples had Good Sleep, 36.6% (22) had Moderate Sleep, 25% (15) had Poor Sleep. Conclusion: The study revealed that majority of nursing students in Narayan Nursing College, Jamuhar, Rhotas, Bihar, had moderate knowledge, neutral attitude and good sleep on Sleep Hygiene. Despite the importance of these Sleep Hygiene for improving sleep quality, enhancing physical and mental health, and maintaining overall daily performance. Furthermore, the study found no significant relationship between demographic variables and KAP level on nursing students. These findings highlight the x need for enhanced educational programs and awareness initiatives to improve understanding on Sleep hygiene among Nursing students.

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Sleep Hygiene, Nursing Students, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice

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The folk literature of Maithili refers to oral traditions and creative expressions of a community, including tales, myths legends rituals and songs-- like Nursery Rhymes, Riddles, Proverbs and Aphorisms etc. It passed down through generations, reflecting shared cultural beliefs, values and collective wisdom. In this article, it is explained in detail on the key point of Nursery Rhymes, Riddles, Proverbs and Aphorisms respectively, but among it, Aphorisms is discussed in its six parts, in detail-- relating auspicious movements, householder's, seasons, astrological, cultural and Miscellaneous aspects. The article marks the deep customs and culture of ancient and medieval periods of Mithila. Finally, we can say, its impact reflects in the modern - Mithila.

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Nursery Rhymes, Riddles, Proverbs, Aphorisms, Medicine, Jyotish, Agricultural, auspicious movement, Seasons, Astrological, sayings, Miscellaneous.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the modern digital era, there is a growing demand for scalable, cost-efficient, and highly available applications. Traditional web hosting solutions require constant server management, resulting in high operational overhead and limited flexibility. Serverless computing has emerged as a solution by abstracting server management and allowing developers to focus only on application logic. This project, "Implementation of an Automated Serverless Web Application using AWS", presents the design and development of a web application using Amazon Web Services (AWS) serverless architecture. The system integrates AWS Lambda for backend execution, API Gateway for request management, Amazon S3 for static content hosting, and DynamoDB for database operations. The proposed architecture ensures automation, scalability, reduced costs, and improved performance compared to traditional server-based approaches. The results indicate that serverless applications offer significant improvements in flexibility, reliability, and resource utilization.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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AWS, Serverless Computing, Cloud Applications, Lambda, API Gateway, DynamoDB, Automation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition